【课件】Unit4+Discover+useful+structures+Grammar语法课件人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册+.pptx

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1、DiscoverUsefulStructuresDiscoverUsefulStructuresSubject(主)1Object(宾)2Predicative(表)3Attribute（定）4Adverbial（状）5Objectcomplement(宾补)61.Reviewoftheusageoftheingform.V-ing时态和语态主动被动一般完成否定式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonenot+doing/not+havingdone2.Tellthefunctionoftheingformineachsentence.1.InJapan,i

2、tmaydemonstraterespecttolookdownwhentalkingtoanolderperson.(Para2)2.Someonewhowitnessesanotherpersonemployingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.(Para3)Adverbial（时间状）（时间状）Objectcomplement（宾补）（宾补）1.InFrance,apersonencounteringanidenticalgesturemayinterpretitasmeaningzero.(Para3)2.Inmanycountries,shaking

3、onesheadmeans“no”,andnoddingmeans“yes”.(Para4)3.Perhapsthebestexampleissmiling.(Para6)Attribute（定语）（定语）Subject（主）（主）Predicative（表）（表）Object（宾）（宾）Subject（主）（主）2.Tellthefunctionoftheingformineachsentence.1.什么是宾语？什么是宾语？2.什么词可以作宾语？什么词可以作宾语？3.宾语的位置？宾语的位置？动作的承受者动作的承受者名词、代词、数词等名词、代词、数词等及物动词和介词后及物动词和介词后动词动词

4、-ing形式在句中作宾语形式在句中作宾语sentenceswhose-ingformcomeaftertheverbasobjectfromthereadingtextonPage38andPage39.1.However,youshouldavoidmakingthisgestureinBrazilandGermany,asitisnotconsideredpolite.(P38,L17)2.Elsewhere,peoplefavourshakinghands,bowingfromthewaist,ornoddingtheheadwhentheymeetsomeoneelse.(P38,L2

5、7)3.Expertssuggestsmilingatyourselfinthemirrortomakeyourselffeelhappierandstronger.(P39,L8)动词的宾语动词的宾语只能接只能接动名词作宾语动名词作宾语的动词：的动词：考虑建议盼原谅:consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,pardon承认推迟没得想:admit,delay/putoff,fancy/imagine避免错过继续练:avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice否认完成停能赏:deny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciate不

6、禁介意准逃亡:canthelp,mind,allow/permit,escape禁止冒险凭想象:forbid,risk,imagine只能接只能接动名词作宾语动词短语动名词作宾语动词短语：难以忍受始反对:cantstand,setabout/getdownto,objectto想要成功坚持忙:feellike,succeedin,insiston,bebusy(in).习惯放弃有困难:getusedto,giveup,havedifficulty/trouble(in).导致专心不推迟:leadto/contributeto,bedevotedto,putoff1.Everytimeyoufe

7、ellike_(smoke)acigarette,remindyourselfthatyouareanon-smoker.2.Wouldyoumind_(wait)hereforsomeminutes?3.Sheisbusy_(prepare)forthecomingexam.4.Ialwayshavedifficulty_(pronounce)newwords.5.Sheisconsidering_(buy)ahouseinShanghai.smokingwaitingpreparingpronouncingbuyingYourhairwantscutting.Thefloorrequire

8、swashing.Thatnovelisnotworthreading.你需要被理发了。地板需要被冲洗。那本小说不值得(被)读。【特别注意【特别注意1】The-ingform在少数表在少数表“需要需要”的动词的动词(如如want,need,require,deserve,desire等等)后表示后表示被动意义被动意义。特别注意特别注意：sthneed/require/deserve/want/desire+doing=sthneed/require/deserve/want/desire+tobedone【特别注意【特别注意2】有些动词既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语】有些动词既可接动名词又可接

9、不定式作宾语1.在在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后，等动词之后，动词动词-ing形式形式：泛指的动作泛指的动作；不定式不定式：具体的一次性动作。具体的一次性动作。2.在在begin/start,continue之后，用动词之后，用动词-ing和不定式，意义无和不定式，意义无区别，尤其是当主语是人时。区别，尤其是当主语是人时。3.在在forget（忘记）（忘记）,remember（记住）（记住）,regret（后悔）之后，（后悔）之后，动词动词-ing：已经发生的动作；不定式：将要发生的动作。已经发生的动作；不定式：将要发生的动作。egIrememberpostingthe

10、letter.Illremembertoposttheletter.Ishallneverforgetseeingthefamouswriter.Dontforgettowritetoyourmother.(翻译翻译)我我记得我已把信寄了记得我已把信寄了。我会我会记着去寄信的记着去寄信的。我我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。不不要忘了给你母亲写信。要忘了给你母亲写信。【特别注意【特别注意2】有些动词既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语】有些动词既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语4.其他。对比分析：其他。对比分析：goondoing继续做原来做的事继续做原来做的事goont

11、odo接着做另一件事接着做另一件事meandoing意味着要做某事意味着要做某事meantodo想要做某事想要做某事stopdoing停止做某事停止做某事stoptodo停下来（别的事）停下来（别的事）有些动词既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语，有些动词既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语，4.其他。对比分析：其他。对比分析：trydoing试着做某事试着做某事trytodo努力做某事努力做某事beusedtodoing习惯于做某事习惯于做某事beusedtodo被用来做某事被用来做某事canthelpdoing禁不住做某事禁不住做某事canthelptodo不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事1)Hestop

12、ped_(smoke)andhavearest.2)Hereallymuststop_(smoke).3)Ioncetried_(learn)French.4)Letstry_(knock)atthebackdoor.5)Ididnttomean_(hurt)yourfeeling.6)Thiswordmeans_(set)outatonce.tosmokesmokingtolearnknockingtohurtsettingFindothersentenceswhose-ingformcomeaftertheprepositionasobjectfromthereadingtextonPag

13、e38andPage39.1.Agoodwayofsaying“Iamfull”ismovingyourhandincirclesoveryourstomachafterameal.(P39,L3)2.Andifwearefeelingdownorlonely,thereisnothingbetterthanseeingthesmilingfaceofagoodfriend.(P39,L9)介词介词的宾语的宾语The-ing formofthewordsandphrasescomeafterprepositionasobject.1.On_(arrive),wesetabout_(climb)

14、ingroups.2.By_(bow),wemean“bendingourheadorbodyforwardasasignofrespectorshame”.3.Weintendedtovisitthethemeparkbutendedup_(call)onProfessorZhang.arrivingclimbingbowingcalling4.Weshouldinsiston_(practice)ourspokenEnglishonadailybasis.5.Imlookingforwardto_(receive)yourreply.6.Myfatherisusedto_(go)tobed

15、lateand_(get)upveryearly.practicingreceivinggoinggettingThe-ing formofthewordsandphrasescomeafterprepositionasobject.The-ingform作介词的宾语时需要注意作介词的宾语时需要注意:be/getusedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto等中的等中的to都是都是介词介词，不是，不是不定式符号不定式符号todo.常见的带介词常见的带介词to的短语的短语:admitto（承认承认）leadto（导致导致）beequalto（胜任的胜任的）stickto（

16、忠于忠于；坚持坚持）payattentionto（注意注意）beaddictedto（沉溺于）（沉溺于）objectto（反对反对）devoteoneselfto（献身于献身于）keepto（坚持坚持）contributeto（有助于）（有助于）be/getusedto（习惯于习惯于）lookforwardto（盼望盼望）getdownto（着手做着手做）Fillintheblankswithproperexpressions.1.很抱歉我没有按时交作业。Iamsorryfor_(not,handle)myhomeworkontime.2.弗雷迪和他的乐队走到哪里都会有人跟随。Freddyan

17、dhisbandcouldnotgooutanywherewithout_(follow).3.我不知道他竟然会干出这种事情与你对抗。Ihavenoideaofhis_(do)suchathingagainstyou.4.许多消费者抱怨那家商店缺斤少两。Manycustomerscomplainof_(give)shortweightatthatshop.nothandlinghavingbeengivenbeingfollowedhavingdone动词动词-ing形式在句中作表语形式在句中作表语1.什么是表语？什么是表语？2.什么词可以作表语？什么词可以作表语？(一一)表语（表语（Pred

18、icative）Hersisterisanurse.Whenheheardthenews,hegotangry.Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.Thisiswhereourbasicinterestlies.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语用来说明用来说明主语主语的的身份身份、内容内容、性质性质、品性品性、特征特征或或状态状态的句子成分的句子成分在在系动词系动词之后之后系动词分类：系动词分类：系动词要记牢，五感五变三保持，一是一像永不忘系动词要记牢，五感五变三保持，一是一像永不忘五感：五感：look,sound,smell,taste,feel五变：五变：grow,turn,ge

19、tgo,become,come,fall三保持：三保持：keep,stay,remain一是：一是：be(am,is,are,was,were)一像：一像：seemLookattheexamplesbelow,payingattentiontotheredpartsandfigureoutthefunctionofthem.Thecrucialthingisusingbodylanguageinawaythatisappropriatetothecultureyouarein.(P38,L5)作表语作表语Findothersentenceswhose-ingformcomeaftertheli

20、nkingverbaspredicativefromthereadingtextonPage38andPage39.sentenceswhose-ingformcomeafterthelinkingverbaspredicativefromthereadingtextonPage38andPage39.1.Agoodwayofsaying“Iamfull”ismovingyourhandincirclesoveryourstomachafterameal.(P39,L3)2.Perhapsthebestexampleissmiling.(P39,L5)作表语作表语The-ing formasp

21、redicative比较分词比较分词形容词形容词和动名词作表语和动名词作表语Hishobbyisinteresting.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.Interestingishishobby.Collectingstampsishishobby.（分词（分词形容词形容词）（动名词）（动名词）现在分词和现在分词和动名词动名词作表语时作表语时在形式上没有任何区别，但是在功在形式上没有任何区别，但是在功能和意义上有较大差异：能和意义上有较大差异：现在现在分词说明分词说明主语的主语的_，常含有常含有“令令/使人使人”；动名词说明主语的动名词说明主语的_，；，；可以和主语可以和

22、主语_。特性特性内容内容SummaryThe-ing formaspredicative位置互换位置互换1.Completethesentencesusingthe-ing formofthewordsandphrasesinthebox.Twoareextra.Thenstatetheirfunctions.1.Billsjobis_signlanguage.2.Thethemeofhispresentationis_barriersbetweengroups.3.By_,wemean“bendingourheadorbodyforwardasasignofrespectorshame”.t

23、eachingamuse,teach,breakdown,callon,bow,getthrough,assessbreakingdownbowing宾语宾语表语表语表语表语4._threekilometersofheavytraffictookmealmost25minutes.5.Weintendedtovisitthethemeparkbutendedup_ProfessorZhang.Gettingthroughcallingon主语主语宾语宾语amuse,teach,breakdown,callon,bow,getthrough,assess2.Completethepassagew

24、iththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrasesinthebox.Readingbodylanguageisnotaneasytask.Itcanbe_becauseinterpretingthesignsthatanotherpersonshowsrequires_.Inthissense,itcanbecomparedtoadoctor_.challenginglie,challenge,considerindividualdifferences,maintain,considerthewholepicture,evaluateapatientsconditio

25、nevaluatingaconsideringthewholepicturepatientscondition_isalsokeytoreadingpeoplesbodylanguageaccurately.Forexample,when_,somepeopleavoideyecontact.Bycontrast,othersmay_eyecontactevenlongerthanusual.lyingmaintainConsideringindividualdifferenceslie,challenge,considerindividualdifferences,maintain,cons

26、iderthewholepicture,evaluateapatientscondition练一练(1)用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空(2021全全国国乙乙卷卷)Minimize the impact of_ (visit)the place.(2019全全 国国 卷卷)Scientists have responded by_ (note)that hungry bears may be congregating(聚聚集集)around human settlements.(2020新高考全国新高考全国卷卷)you should avoid _(eat)with heavier

27、 people who order large portions.visitingnotingeating(2020天津高考)Tohelpuspreparefortheexam,theteachersuggested_(read)throughournotes.Wouldyoumind_(move)theboxforme?Wearealllookingforwardto_(visit)themuseumsoon.(7)Hedoesntreallymean_(work)here,whichmeans_(leave)thejobsoonafterwards.(8)Thedeerwasluckyan

28、ditjustmissed_(catch)bythehunter.readingmovingvisitingtoworkleavingbeingcaught二.完成句子1我的职责是教你如何学习。My duty is _.2父母反对我嫁给他。My parents objected to _.3比尔建议召开一个会议，讨论假期期间为老人做些什么。Bill suggested _on what to do for the old during the vacation.teaching you how to studymy marrying himholding a meeting 4你介意我打开窗户

29、吗？Do you mind _5我们正忙着为即将到来的考试做准备。We are busy _.6让他不高兴的是他把他最喜欢的自行车丢了。What has made him unhappy is _.my opening the windows?(in)preparing for the coming examlosing his favourite bike7你一旦控制住了一个局面，又得接着应付下一个。When you have mastered one situation,you have to _.8我很遗憾地告诉你，你母亲病得很重，但你不必因为留下她独自一人而内疚。I _ you tha

30、t your mother is badly ill,but you neednt _ her alone.regret leavinggo on to deal with the nextregret to tellI suggest doing it in a different way.1.1.我建议用一种不同的方法做这件事情。我建议用一种不同的方法做这件事情。I regret to inform you that your application has been rejected.2.2.我遗憾的通知你，你的申请已经被拒绝了我遗憾的通知你，你的申请已经被拒绝了。翻译句子3 3.他坚持

31、按照自己的方法做这件事他坚持按照自己的方法做这件事。He insisted on doing it in his own way.What I hate most is being laughed at.4 4.我最恨的就是被别人嘲笑。我最恨的就是被别人嘲笑。5.只有通过努力学习你才能成功。Only by studying hard can you succeed.7 7.盼望早日见到你。盼望早日见到你。8 8.帮助别人就是帮助自己。帮助别人就是帮助自己。6 6.我后悔花这么多时间玩电脑游戏。我后悔花这么多时间玩电脑游戏。I regretted spending too much time on playing computer games.Look forward to seeing you earlier.Helping others means helping youself.