第十六讲完形填空专题-【暑假辅导班】2021年高一英语暑假精品课程.doc
《第十六讲完形填空专题-【暑假辅导班】2021年高一英语暑假精品课程.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《第十六讲完形填空专题-【暑假辅导班】2021年高一英语暑假精品课程.doc(9页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、第十六讲 完形填空专题【学习目标】1了解高中完形填空新题型。2练习基础的高中英语完形填空,掌握常考完形填空词汇。 命题特点1.短文在240280词之间。20年以前一般20个空格,新高考题型15个空格,部分高考题型仍然是20个空。,设空平均间距为13个词左右。2.选材以记叙文为主,夹叙夹议,内容情节深刻,常涉及到人物心理活动的细节描写,篇章与语句的结构变化丰富多彩。3.以实词考察为主,名、动、形容词、副词约占90%。4.大部分题从全文出发,根据前后语境或行文逻辑做出判断,体现出了“突出语篇”的命题风格。 命题趋势高考完型填空题会并非单纯的语法分析,而是朝着深层化和语境化的方面挖掘,我们需要借助上
2、下文乃至全文语境的启示,揣摩作者的心情及态度来做题,以及他对各个角色,各个事件的态度。在答题过程中,除了对关联用语的把握外,还要把握语气,动作等的描写。一般围绕人与自然,人与社会,人与自我三个话题范围展开。 完型填空分类(一)记叙文型完形填空记叙文型完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式。在记事型记叙文的完形填空中,作者在文章的第一句就已经把事件及其发生的时间,地点,人物交代清楚了。然后对这件事情的发生,发展进行陈述。通过对时间的描述,反映出作者的某种思想,最后得出事件产生的结果。记叙文在高考中占很大的比例。这些记叙文有人物故事、历史故事.、励志故事等。作者入手的角度也是各有千秋,涉及社会、家庭、历
3、史、文化、健康,当今社会科学的最新发展等各方面,作为每年高考的一个主打体裁,命题人在选材上是绞尽了脑汁,但总体来讲它一般会有以下两个特点。1.情节曲折,信息量大,结尾往往出人意料。近几年高考完形填空往往在情节上有较大的曲折变化,并且结果出人意料,在文章的写作风格上有作者不再是单纯地叙述某个人,某件事而是在叙述中把对人物的语言、行为、心理活动的描写也都融入了文章的叙述中,这样也就无疑增加了考生理解的难度。2.文章内容为中学生所关注和熟悉的话题,有亲切感,能引起学生的共鸣。近几年高考完形填空中有很多是反映人际关系,当今科学发展对人际关系的影响等的文章,这些是学生对平时在生活中接触比较多的话题,因此
4、对于学生来说容易接受,没有陌生感。(二)夹叙夹议型完形填空此类文章往往是高考中较难的题目,也是最容易导致失分的一种文章体裁。所选的有关文章蕴含深刻的人生哲理,因此耐人寻味。从近两年的高考完形填空来看,很多的完形填空往往在平淡的叙述中蕴含深刻的人生哲理,对于这一点考生不但要理解文章的字面意思,更重要的是挖掘文章的内涵,只有做到这一点才能透彻理解文章,做好完形填空。夹叙夹议型的完形填空一般又以下三个特征:1.先叙述自己的某一个生活经历或见闻,然后真对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法,或揭示生活的真理。2.作者先提出一种观点或看法。然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明,有时也可能用几个事例从不同的
5、侧面来说明。3.提出一种观点或见解,然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点,最后再进一步的总结和升华。对于夹叙夹议类的完形填空,抓住作者要说明的观点或要阐述的生活哲理是做好这一类型题目的关键,而作者叙述所发生的事件或生活经历只是为表达其思想服务的。(一)利用句首信息,推测语篇主旨完形填空所选短文的第一句常为主题句,一般不设空。把握了主题句对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。例:As a general rule ,all forms of activity lead to boredom when they areperformed on a routine(常规)basis. As a matter of f
6、act ,we can see this 41_atwork in people of all42 ages 41. A. principle B. habit C. way. D. power解析:本文首句为主题句,根据首句中的ageneral rule (一般规则)可知本空答案为principle.(二)寻找提示信息,重现语境意义完形填空主要考查考生对语境的理解,所以考生在做题时要有全局观念,进行连贯性思维,要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解,进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处通常前后多有提示,这种提示多为后面提示前面。一般来说,完型填空的四个选项形式完全相同,如都是动词原形,都
7、是副词,都是名词复数形式等,所以要注意他们在意义上和搭配上的细微差别,形义兼顾。同时,一定要把这些选项放到特定的语境里进行区分,判别,从而选出正确答案。It runs in the 53_.Michaels father always helped thepoor as he believed it made everyone happier. Michael Greenberg feels the54 (same).A pair of gloves may bea 55 (small) thing, but it canmake a big difference in winter.(201
8、3课标II)53.A. city B family C. neighborhood D company答案:上文介绍了Michael Greenberg 总是送手套给穷人,而本空后又介绍了他的父亲从前也帮助过穷人,因此可以推断出乐于助人是Michael 家的传统。(三)识别语篇标志,理清逻辑关系语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位,如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语,这些词被称为“语篇标志”。如表示结构层次的语篇标志语有firstly,secondly, thirdly, finally等;表示逻辑关系的语篇标志语有thus ,therefore, so等;表示改变话题的语
9、篇标志语有by the way 等;表示递进关系的语篇标志语有besides,whats more,furthermore等;表示时间关系的语篇标志语有before,so for ,yet ,meanwhile ,later等;表示转折关系的语篇标志语有but, while,although等。在做完形填空时,如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语,就可以迅速理清文章的脉络,弄清上下文的关系。Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes m
10、ountains. They reached the top 41_ ,but on their way back conditions were very 42_ .(2014课标II)41. A. hurriedly B. carefully C. successfully D. early解析:连词but提示上下文之间存在转折关系。下文提到Joe在回来的路上摔伤了腿,由此判断回程艰难,登顶成功(successfully)42. A. difficult B similar C. special D. normal解析:他们成功登顶,但是在返回的路上情况变得困难起来。(四)利用原词复现,寻
11、找近义词语完型填空试题中,有些词语常常重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯,从而构成一个完整而又有机的意义整体。在阅读文章的过程中,有时也会发现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词或近义词。因此要学会充分利用这些词提供的有效信息进行合理的推侧判断,选出正确答案。Everyone started to 55_their hands .Suzy Khan gave them a shy smileand the applause was deafening .I knew then Suzy was going to be all right.55. A. clap B.
12、 wave C. raise D. shake答案: 由后面的applause (掌声)可知此处表示“大家开始鼓掌”.Clap ones hands 鼓掌(五)词语的习惯用法和固定搭配1. The nurse had him take a36 in the waiting area, 37(telling) him it would be at least40 minutes 38(before) someone would be able to see him.36. A. breath B. test C. seat D.break答案 C固定搭配:take a seat【基础练习】练习一
13、A weak old man went to live with his son, daughter-in-law, and a four-year old grandson. The old mans hands _21_and his eyesight was poor. The family ate together at table, but the elderly grandfathers shaky hands made eating rather_22_. Peas rolled off his spoon onto the floor. When he grasped the
14、glass, often_23_spilled (泼洒) on the tablecloth.The son and daughter-in-law became_24_at the mess (脏乱). “We must do_25_about grandfather,” said the son. Ive had enough of his spilled milk and food on the floor. So the husband and wife set a small table in the corner. There, grandfather ate alone whil
15、e the rest of the family had their dinner at the dinner table_26_. Since grandfather had broken a dish or two, his food was served in a_27_bowl. Sometimes when the family glanced in grandfathers_28_, he had a tear in his eye. Still, the couple always blamed him when he_29_aspoon or spilled food. The
16、 four-year-old watched it all in_30_.One evening before supper, the father_31_his son playing with small wood pieces. He asked the child sweetly, “What are you making ?” The boy_32_, “Oh, I am making a little bowl for you and mama to eat your food from when I grow up.” The words so_33_the couple tha
17、t they were speechless. Then tears started to_34_. down their cheeks. Though no word was _35_, both knew what must be done. That evening the husband took grandfathers hand and led him back to the family dinner table gently. From then on, the grandfather ate every meal with the family.21. A. trembled
18、 B. covered C. raised D. pushed 22. A. interesting B. convenient C. amusing D. difficult23. A. juice B. milkC. soup D. water24. A. shockedB. disappointed C. angry D. surprised25. A. anything B. everything C. nothing D. something26. A. seriously B. happily C. sadly D. slowly27. A. plastic B. small C.
19、 wooden D. cheap28. A. way B. direction C. sight D. situation29. A. dropped B. threw C. chose D. touched 30. A. peace B. relief C. danger D. silence31. A. noticed B. kept C. heard D. suggested32. responded B. caught C. hit D. pushed33. A. attracted B. stuck C. struck D.absorbed34.A. stream B. go C.
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 暑假辅导班 第十六 讲完形 填空 专题 暑假 辅导班 2021 年高 英语 精品课程
限制150内