高一新教材英语第三单元知识点详解.doc

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1、第一部分：词汇1. 英汉对译单词（红色是课本黑体单词）legendglorychampionshipdeterminationinjureinjuredgracefulpush-upsoccerstadiumboxingbadmintonmarathonskigymegymnasticstracktrack and fieldcaptainslimjog medalnow and thenchampion cut out2. 课本词汇 (在课本中出现，有必要掌握的词汇)posterinternationalappropriateorganisationfeatureenjoyablerelax

2、entrypunctuationvaluablesculpterosionopportunityadventurousspectacularoffer3. 变形词汇：fitness fitunfit apartpart, shore, top, board, strengthstrongstrengthstrengthen athleteathletic stressstressful injuryinjureinjuredcompetecompetitioncompetitivecompetitorcompetencecompetentfailurefailsucceedsuccesssuc

3、cessorsuccessfulsuccessfully4. 列举掌握come along1). Come alongor well miss the train.快点，否则我们会误火车。2). Come alongwith me. Im going that way, too.跟我一起走吧，我们同路。sweat1). 名词，汗水Earn your bread with yoursweat. 通过劳动赚钱。2). 动词，出汗，努力 I woke upsweatingand nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.我醒来时，大汗淋漓，焦虑不

4、安，但是我准备好要证明给自己。set an example1).She arrived at the office early toset an exampleto the others. 她早早的来到办公室为的是给他人做表帅。Honour1). 名词 in honour ofA banquet was givenin honor ofthe distinguished guests. 宴会是为了向来宾致敬而举行的。So it was a greathonourto be invited backstage at the not-for-profit panda base, where tic

5、ket money helps pay for research. 因此被邀请到这个非营利性的熊猫基地内部是一种巨大的荣幸，在这里所有的门票收入都用于研究。2). 动词 be honoured as He was honoured as the best actress of the year.她当年获得了最佳女演员的称号。Million1). But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2millionyears during which they remained weak and marginal creature.但是人类

6、享受这种优越性已经有200万年了，在此期间人类仍就是羸弱的、边缘性的生物。2). By the time she was 13, her company was worthmillionsof dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids teeth, instead of destroying them.到她13岁的时候，通过投资超甜而不伤害儿童牙齿的甜品，她的公司已价值百万美元。Companies spendmillionshiring top business people.企业花费巨资来雇佣

7、顶级的商业人才。ErrorIndeed, they made only half as manyerrorsas those wearing their own clothes on the Stroop test, one way of measuring attention.实际上，在Stroop测试中，他们犯得错误是穿自己衣服的人所犯错误的一半，Stroop测试是一种测试人注意力的检测方式。Master1). 名词，主人略2). 动词，掌握I have learned many languages, but Ive notmasteredthem the way the professi

8、onal interpreter or translator has.我已经学过了好多语言，但是我还没掌握到到专业的翻译人员所到达的程度。Positive1). Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and shes alsopositiveabout what the future might bring.Moore对她研制的糖果很热衷并且对于它的未来也很乐观。2). Positivethinking and action result in success.积极的思维和行动可以导致成功。3). Whatever stage o

9、f life youre at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA, youll createpositivechanges in a poor and remote community.不管你的人生处于何种境遇，无论你身处何地，以及不管你在GDA做什么项目，你都可以在贫穷偏远的地方给自己创设出积极的改变。Diet1). Dietshave changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop. 在中国饮食已经发生变化-这也导致它的主导性粮食也发生了变化。2). Have you beenon

10、 (a) diet? Youve lost a lot of weight. 你是不是减肥了？你瘦了好多。Audience1). In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a massaudience.另外，大多数的报纸几乎不会报导博得大众眼球的内容。2). Its partly true that Dickens style of writing attractedaudiencesfrom all walks of life.某种程度上狄更斯的写作方式也确实吸引着来自社会各个阶层的读者。3).

11、The Jazzaudiencecontinues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.爵士乐的爱好者继续减少变老，而爵士乐也没能接续新一代的年轻人。4). The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one nightaudiencein the history of television up to that time.这场音乐会通过现场直播，在当时创下一夜之间吸引最多电视观众的记录。

12、lose heart同样的短语：lose control, lose balance, lose hope, lose face, lose touch,lose faith一般情况下不加ones。 even if/though1). Eventhoughthere is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music.尽管不同的乐团都有它们共存的精神，他们还是创作出了极其不同的音乐。2). Music was his true passion,thoughhe had never performed

13、 outside the family.尽管他从未在外演出过，音乐却是他的酷爱。3). At present, these technologies are still expensive,though.不过，目前，这些技术还是比较昂贵的。5. 重点掌握词汇make sense 在这个短语中，我们要重点看一下sense这个单词以及它的相关短语。1). In asense, forgetting is our brains way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are ready for retrieval.在某种程度上说，

14、遗忘是我们大脑对记忆进行分类的一种方式，因此最相关的记忆都备好供检索。2). They suggest this indicates that dogs arentsensingemotions from a single feature, but piecing together information from all facial features just as humans do. 他们说这表明狗不是从单单从某一特征感知情感，而是能像人类一样把各种面目表情拼接在一起的。3). Some laws makesense. 有一些法律还是有用的。4). Because of all thi

15、s extra time, there was nosenseof urgency to do my school work immediately. 因为这些额外的时间，我就没有马上要做作业的急迫感。5). His strange habit makessensewhen you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.当你想到他

16、是一个环保科学家，是研究如何减少乱扔乱放，包括在运输中从垃圾桶中掉落的东西，那他奇怪的习惯就说得过去了。6). In thatsense, Im pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than Id freely like to admit. 从那种意义来讲，尽管我不是乐意坦言承认，但我敢肯定地说志愿行为更是一种利己的行为。7). Suddenly Isenseda man standing behind me.突然，我感到有人正站在我身后。Event1). Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an

17、annualeventaiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.地球日，定语4月22日，是一年一度的活动，旨在提升公众的环保意识。2). History is much more than the study of dusty old objects andeventslong past.历史学可不仅仅就是研究裹满泥土的文物或是发年代生久远的历史事件的。Host1). Ourhostsshared many of their experiences and recommended wonderful plac

18、es to eat, shop, and visit.我们的东道主跟我们分享了好多他们的经历，并且向我们推荐了一些吃饭、购物、参观都非常棒的地方。2). Others say its only natural that newcomers learn the language of theirhostnation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society. 其他人说新移民学习他们东道国的语言是很正常的，因为把语言学习看做是能对当地社会做贡献的一个条件。3). First on her agenda wa

19、s to pursue her dream ofhostinga pop music programme.他日程表上第一件事就是实现自己主持一档流行音乐的节目梦想。4). Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, orhostingan event is not an official act.只是安排会议、打个电话或是举办某项活动不是官方的行为。5). He was a gentle, sensitive, lovable man who will be missed by ahostof friends. 他是一个温和、体贴而且可爱的

20、人，许多朋友都会想念他的。6). Mary was always the perfecthostess. 玛丽总是最殷勤的女主人。7). Ahostessstood at the top of the steps and bobbed her head at each passenger.一位空姐站在最高的阶梯上向每位旅客点头致意。work out1). What if this doesntwork out?如果这个不管用该怎么办？2). Sheworked outthe problem with no difficulty.她轻易地就解决了那个问题。3). The agendas for

21、the next two meetings have yet to beworked out.下两次的会议日程还没有制定出来。4). These athleteswork outat the gym for two hours every day.这些运动员每天在这个体育馆锻炼2个小时。5). I couldwork outthat problem standing on my head.我可以轻而易举地解决那个问题。make it1). When Grylls heard about Nicholas amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Ni

22、cholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive. 当Grylls听说Nicholas惊人的事迹后，他非常惊叹Nicholas居然所做的一切，因为他比任何人都更清楚Nicholas得多艰难的拼搏才能活下来。2). It was a real race against time to get the project done. Luckily,we made it.把这个任务完成简直就是在跟时间赛跑。所幸，我们做到了。 apart1). While too

23、 many couples growapart, we were growing together. 好多夫妇都劳燕分飞，而我们却一直在一起。2). She couldnt wait to tear the newspaperapart. 她急不可待的把报纸撕碎。3). History gives art works special appeal to set themapart.历史赋予艺术品特殊的魅力使它们与众不同。4). A chimpanzee cant win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the manapartlik

24、e a rag doll.一只猩猩不能赢得与现代人的争吵，但是他却能像撕布娃娃一样撕碎一个人。5). I was starting to feel like my whole world was fallingapart kind of slipping into a depression, said Carla.Carla说“我开始感觉整个世界都在崩塌-有点要变成世界末日的感觉。”6). Apartfrom serving the customers, youll also do the window dressing.除了照顾客人，你还要负责门面装饰。give up1). He had a

25、 bad accident two years ago and had togive upfarming.他两年前出了严重的意外而不得不放弃务农。2). When faced with adversity she was never tempted togive up.面对逆境，她从不放弃。3). I gave up hope of finding my ring again.我对能再次找到戒指感到绝望。4). Many people start learning a language and soon give up.很多人都是开始学习某一种语言然后又很快又放弃。5). Her father

26、 Peter44, wanted her to give up school to model fulltime.她父亲Peter44岁，想让她辍学而完全从事模特行业。6). Monsters may appear or the night will fall. But never ever give up on your dream!恶魔或者是黑夜有可能来临。但是永远不要放弃你的梦想。7). On December 1,1955, in Montgomery,Alabama,Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passeng

27、er.1955年12月1日，在阿拉巴马的蒙哥马利，Rosa Parks不乐意把她的公交车座位让给一位乘客。Pretend1). So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I wouldpretendto be reading.因此我也拿本书，每天晚上，就像她那样，我会假装地阅读。2). You canpretendthat you dont like things which you are actually quite pleased about.你能装着对你非常在乎的东西蛮不喜欢。 3). She wo

28、uld open a book, pretending to read, with tears dropping on the open page. 她会打开一本书，假装在阅读，而泪水打在敞开的书页上。make a difference1). Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making adifferencein the world.Hannah是好多正为社会做出巨大贡献的年轻的典范之一。2). Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do

29、 make adifference.从那时起，很多科学家都认为我的行为肯定是意义非凡。3). The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no realdifferencein how the boys turned out.研究者也发现智力、家庭阶层和经济背景对男孩子最终如何没有真正的影响。4). You may have the opportunity to make your biggestdifferencewhen youre older.你有可能有机会在你更年长的时候有最大

30、的突破性成就。5). Thedifferencesbetween weak and strong links in food webs.强与若的区别与食物链有关。6). Before birth, babies can tell thedifferencebetween loud sounds and voices.在出生之前，婴儿就能辨别出响亮的声音与人声。Rather1). They are also spending more time working with each otherratherthan reporting upwards.他们也正在把更多的时间花在合作工作上而不是向上级

31、汇报。2). Itsratherremarkable for the fact that although its extremely big, its supported by just sixratherslim legs.一个了不起的事实是尽管它个头很大，可是它却只靠非常细的六条腿来支持。3). But unfortunately,the parents are wronged because theyre normal in shape,or rather slim.但是幸运的是，父母们都被误导了，因为他们身材正常，或更确切地说是苗条。 compare with/to1). Child

32、renscomparingthemselves to others online may lead to lower self-identity and confidence.孩子们在网上与他人相比会导致他们对自我的贬低降低自信心。2). Vaillants team obtained their findings bycomparingdifferent sets of scores.Vaillant队通过对比不同场次的比分有所发现。3). The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily la

33、rge brainscomparedwith other animals.人类独有的第一特点就是与其他动物相比人类拥有超级大的大脑。4). Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA,comparedwith 189 for all of last year.与去年总计的189起相比，今年在美国已经有115例囊虫病例报告。第二部分：短语at home and abroad国内外be filled with由什么填充take part in 参与collect money集资，募捐钱lose weight减

34、肥used to 过去常常its up to you 由你说了算at least至少living legend活着的传奇fall apart三开，崩塌in life在生活中by the way顺便说一下agree with 同意、适合compete for竞争fair play公平竞争a wellness book健康小册子make a list of列举in the past在过去exchange ideas交换看法make exercise做运动deal with应对，处理see through看穿，看透pay against对抗say no to 拒绝head to 前往make a s

35、urvey on对什么做调查fit ones inerests or needs满足某人的兴趣或需求do a survey做调查one-on-one一对一set up 建立eight out of 1515分之8have a go at对什么进行尝试in common with与什么有共性play a role of起作用第三部分：句子1. Invite a friend to a sports event.Invite somebody to some place或invite somebody to do something是两个比较常用的短语，所以对于invite来讲，必须要掌握， 但是

36、invite接地点或场合的时候，也可以因情况而定。例如 1). But before I go, Id like toinviteyou out for dinner. 2). Hello everyone! Im very happy to beinvitedto this program today. 3). In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC,invitedpeople on their way into a coffee shop.再者我们要关注的就是，invite作为动词来

37、讲，它的翻译是很灵活的。比如： 1). On the last day of our week-long stay, we wereinvitedto attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the north shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 2). People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh andinviting. 3

38、). Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this couldinvitetrouble.2. Sweat your way to good health.本句的要点在于灵活翻译“熟词生义”。本句可以译成“通过锻炼达到健康”。Voice your opinion on sportsmanship. 本句的voice也是名词动用，可以译为“说出你

39、对运动精神的看法”。I almost went bananas, too. 本句中出现了一个成语-go bananas表示发疯。我几乎也要发疯了。 翻译有文化背景知识最好，但是如果没有相关的文化背景支持，我们只能通过上下文，对其进行“猜测”。 1). The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. Its true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But w

40、ith reading, its all about the present.Its about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight. (2020年全国1卷阅读B) 参考译文： 反复阅读的美在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们自己当前思维的流露。诚然，我变得越老，就越感觉到时间的流逝。可对于阅读来说，一切都是进行中的。阅读是一个行进的过程也是每个人对现实的一

41、种思考过程， 因为阅读是作者与读者之间的给与与汲取的过程。作者和读者个人有个人的角色。Pull ones own weight是个成语。表示通力合作，在拔河中每个人都要用上自己的一份力量。 2). Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. 另外一本是Annie Dillard的 Holy the firm, 她1975关于要事与琐事的散文诗随笔。 3). The best books are the ones that open furth

42、er as time passes. 最好的书是那些随着时间的推移更能诱人深思的书籍。 4). Race walkers are conditioned athletes. （2020年全国1卷C阅读） 竞走选手都是训练有素的运动员。（condition做动词用可以表示“用条件限制”的意思。） 5). However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. 然而Norberg博士说，竞走却不想跑步那样对地面有很大的冲击力。3. This helps you to relat

43、e what you read to what you already know. 在这个结构中，我们要关注relate A to B的用法。一般做非谓语，用related to比较多，但也有用relating to的时候。 1). According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict isrelatedto El ninos harmful effects. 根据2011年由Hsiang和他的合著者们所发表的一篇论文，国内冲突和厄尔尼诺的负面影响有关。 2). Prinstein came to an

44、other conclusion: not only is likabilityrelatedto positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. Prinstein得出另一个结论：好人缘不与积极人生的结果有关，也是积极人生后果产生的主要原因。 3). When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and devel

45、op a list of about ten general questionsrelatingto it. 当你的老板或导师让你做街头采访，要考虑一下中心话题并列出10条与之相关的问题。4. When Michael Jordans feet left the ground, time seemed to stand still. 1). 副词，依然，依旧 Today, peoplestillcome and go to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Traditional technologystillhas a place nowa

46、days. 2). 名词，蒸馏器 To construct a workingstill, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. 3). 副词，不过，可是 Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. 4). 副词，表示程度，修饰比较级，更如何 Betterstill, lets meet in the Red Lion Bar to have a nice little talk. 5). 形容词，静止不动的。 Peter mcnaught, operations director at London under