高一新教材英语第二单元知识点详解.doc

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1、第一部分：词汇（红色部分是课文黑体词）1. 识别词汇：（知道汉语意思即可，教材中标注为非重点词汇）castlevisa powerful empire architecture economytomb unearththe Eiffel TowerNeuschwanstein CastleIceland DisneylandPeru the Andes Mountainsthe Amazon rainforest the Inca EmpireMachu PicchuSpainSpanishCuscoLake Titicacathe Uros the Terracotta Armyamazed

2、statueBCEcredit cardaccommodationsiteemperorbrochurecivilisationdestinationsoldierhikearchitect2. 补充词汇：（本单元中出现，但是没列在词汇表中，有些需要掌握）。 education 教育 preparation 准备 online 在线的 single 单个的 arrangement 安排 observation 观察 encyclopedia百科全书 brochure 小册子，说明书 excellent 精彩的，棒的 relationship 关系 payment 支付 guard 守护 sum

3、marise 总结 purpose 目的 stress 重音 overall 全部地，大致地 magnetic 有磁性的，有魅力的 poverty 贫穷 3掌握形变 Civilisation文明civil本国的，国内的，公民的civilize教化civilizationextremelyextremeofficialofficeamazementamazeamazingpackagepackunpacktransporttransmit发射transplant移植transform改变translate翻译economic经济方面的、与经济有关的economy经济economical省钱的，经

4、济的economically 4. 列举掌握(要求掌握所列举内容)：source Deer and elk populations major foodsourcesfor the wolf grew rapidly.鹿和麋鹿的数量-狼的主要食物来源-增长的非常快。 flight Although birds use their feathers forflight, some of their feathers are for other purposes. 尽管鸟用羽毛飞行，可是有些羽毛是有其他用途的。If we had caught theflightyesterday, we woul

5、d be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，我们现在就可能在沙滩上享受假日了。1). We were _ (on)the same flight _ (to)New York last month. 2). It is only an hours _(flight)from the island to the mainland. 3). There were regular _(flights) from Nanjing to Wuhan every day. CreditIn his introduction, he mad

6、e it clear that ourcreditswould be hard-earned. 在他的介绍里，他说的很清楚，我们的学分不会白得。It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect yourcredit.按时交电费很重要，因为迟交可能影响你的信誉。Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control yourcreditcard use.可能你喝得太多或者是不知如何掌控信用卡的使用。narrowMost of u

7、s, in fact, progressivelynarrowthe variety of our lives.实际上，我们大多数人都在逐步压缩我们生活的多样性。He had anarrowescape in a car accident.这次车祸他九死一生。take control ofA young English teacher saved the lives of 30 students when he tookcontrolof a bus after its driver suffered a serious heart attack. 在巴士司机突然出现严重的心脏病后，一位年轻的

8、英语教师控制住了巴士，从而挽救了30个学生的生命。I realized the bus was out ofcontrolwhen I was speaking to the students.当我在跟学生说话的时候，我意识到巴士失控了。flatGood morning, Im one of the students who rented yourflat.上午好，我是租您公寓的学生之一。Some animals are simply very small or extremelyflat.有些动物简直又小又扁。typeA few daring survived, though, along

9、with a few stay-in-the-cavetypes.不过，一些胆大的存活下来了，还有一些变成了穴居类型Everybody uses a keyboard and everybodytypesdifferently.每人使用一个键盘，而每人打字的方式都不相同。RentHow muchrentshould one pay for the one-bedroom apartment?单人间的卧室租金该是多少呢？The one forrentis on the right.用于出租的在右边。Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available torentat

10、 the information desk.手推车和轮椅可以在信息问询处那租赁。PathAn avalanche once closed thepath, killing 63 people.一场雪崩曾经封闭了这条道路，导致63人死亡。He knew thepathhis life was now taking.他知道他自己所选择的生活之路。AdmireDuring the mid-autumn festival, family members often gather together share a meal,admirethe moon and enjoy moon cakes.在中秋节

11、期间，家人团聚在一起聚餐、赏月、吃月饼。other thanI have no ambitionsother thanto have a happy life and be free.我胸无大志，只希望自由自在过幸福的生活。The leggy beauty was noneother thanour own Naomi Campbell.那长腿美女不是别人，正是咱们的娜奥米坎贝尔。5. 重点掌握 applyapply for1). 动词，表示申请When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided toapp

12、lyfor the one that reflected my interest.当最终的选课时刻到来之时，我决定申请能够代表我兴趣的学科。The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.2). 动词，表示应用Applyingmy own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical, never letting myself leave out a tough idea.按照我的规矩，我决定把他们以字母表的顺序写下来，不漏掉任何难点。Now researchers

13、 areapplyingscientific methods to the study of the universality of art.目前研究者正把科学的方法应用到对艺术普遍性的研究上。3). 动词，表示精心研究In spare moments heappliedhis mind to how rockets could be used to make money.他在业余时间潜心研究如何利用火箭技术赚钱。4).applied，形容词，应用的Im going to take a course inappliedmathematics this semester.本学期我打算选修应用数学

14、。5). application,名词，应用/申请However, technology is also theapplicationof scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.然而科技也是对解决问题的科学知识的应用，涉及生活的各个方面。The morson company turned down myapplication.莫森公司拒绝了我的申请。6). applicant名词，申请人He was the hundredthapplicantfor the job.他是第100个申请

15、这份工作的人。 pack 1). 名词，一群，一副，一组Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolfpacksin Yellowstone.美国鱼类及野生动物管理局密切观测并掌控者黄石公园里的狼群。 2). 动词，打包，包裹By the way, does your package needpacking? 顺便问一下，您的包裹需要打包吗？Students are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked orpackedlunch which c

16、onsists of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert.早晚餐可以提供给学生，而午餐要么是现做的要么是定好的盒饭，包括一个三明治，一份饮料和一份餐后甜点。 3). packed形容词,充满了的，赛满的。They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work onpackedhighways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread.他们在拥挤的道路上忍受漫长的上下班路

17、途因为他们能够在路上工作、娱乐或者睡觉，这助长了城市的蔓延。4). package名词包裹，动词给什么装箱， 打包The package will bepackedwith a medium box, am I right?包裹将要用中号的盒子打包，我说的对吗？Properly preparingpackagednoodle soup requires a forced wait.正确地做一份方便面汤需要必不可少的等待。(半成品的，经过加工包装好的。) amaze-完成下面的练习。 1). The networked computer is an_(amaze) device. ( amazi

18、ng)2). Its an_(amaze)accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. (amazing)3). Many visitors were_(amaze)by the complex architectural space and abundant building types.(amazed)4). They stopped in their tracks and st

19、ared at him in_(amaze). (amazement)5). _(amaze), Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. ( Amazingly)6). Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing _(amaze) well. (amazingly)RecogniseData collected from the device could be used torecognizedifferent participants based on how they typed, with

20、 very low error rates.依据据参与者如何打字，设备采集来的数据信息可以被用来识别不同的参与者， 而且错误率极低。Of the nineteenrecognizedpolar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.在19种已知的北极熊亚种群数量中，3种数量下降，6种稳定，一种有所上升而9种缺少足够的信息。When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate r

21、ather than a white one, customersrecognizedit as sweeter and more tasty.如果把黑色的蛋糕放在黑色而不是白色盘中的时候，顾客认为它更甜更好吃。Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fullyrecognized.巴赫逝世于1750年，但是知道19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被世人所完全认知。James Brindley isrecognizedas one of the leading ear

22、ly canal engineers.James Brindley被看成是顶级的早期运河工程师。Wangs winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are getting internationalrecognition.王的获奖意味着中国建筑正在得到国际的认可。Navigators have used magnetic north for centuries to orient themselves when theyre far fromrecognizablelandmarks.几个世记以来,当航海家远离可识别的地标时一直用北

23、磁极为它们自己确定方位. UniqueAnotheruniquehuman characteristic is that we walk upright.另一个人类独有的特征是我们人类直立行走。These patterns areuniqueto each person.这些模式对于每个人来说都是独有的。同样搭配的单词有strange, alien, foreign, native, home等词汇。Looking backward, we discover what is unique in us; learn the meaning of I.回顾过去，我们发现了我们自身特有的东西，明白了

24、“我”的真正意义。Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion they are central to its movement.contact1). 名词，联系Keep eyecontactin conversation to build trust.在对话中保持眼神交流以此增进信任。Emergency workers have madecontactwith the miners via a radio.救援工作者通过无线电与矿工联系。2). 动词，联系。If the red light is not blinking,contactres

25、idence hall staff immediately.如果红灯不亮，马上联系公寓工作人员。make upSince the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.既然最贫穷的人是最不可能弥补厄尔尼诺现象所造成的损失，那么减小他们的损失就成为最优先要做的事情。It is early days yet tomake up ones mind.现在下定决心还为时过早。

26、detail1). 名词On the Internet, we could quickly and easily locate thedetails, and check facts, without keeping them in mind.在网上，我们可以既快又容易地定位具体信息，查阅事件，而没必要把它们都记在脑子里。Vaillants study followed these males in greatdetail.（反义词短语in brief简明扼要地）瓦利恩特的研究详尽的跟踪这些男子。2). detailedHere is adetailedcosting of our propo

27、sals.这是我们预案的详尽成本计算。3). 动词，细说The boys listened breathlessly as the sailordetailedthe story of the shipwreck.水手详述沉船的故事时,孩子们屏息倾听着. check incheck out But when I arrived at thecheck-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said:. 但是当我到达普罗维登斯登机手续办理服务台的时候，那位女士却说： I want tocheckout these books. 我想把这些书借走。

28、Id like to change thecheck-in date from september 15 to september 16.我想把入住日期从9月15日改到9月16日。 Im.Imcheckingout on the morning of the 4th. 呃我准备在4号上午离开。 Request 1). 名词 When hisrequestwas refused, he took out his French horn and started to practice. 当他的请求被拒绝后，他拿出圆号（法国号）开始练习。You can talk to the robot, ask

29、it questions, and makerequestsfor it to perform different tasks.你可以跟机器人进行交流，问问题，提要求让它做不同的任务。 At the request of many customers, the market will bring forth new ideas to make the service better. 应很多顾客的要求，商场会想出新的方法来更好的服务。 2). 动词 She hadrequestedthe community to turn it into a museum upon her death. 她已经

30、要求社区在她过世之后把这里变成一个博物馆。 They requested that a delegation be sent to their country. 他们请求派一个代表团去他们的国家。I requested him to come before ten.我要求他10点之前到。 view sight 1).view强调的是站在某个点位所看到的视野。The hotel has the bestviewsof the Pacific Ocean.这个旅馆最适合欣赏太平洋的美景。 The most popularviewis that Egyptian workers slid the b

31、locks along smooth paths. 最普遍的观点是埃及人在光滑的路面上滑动这些巨石。 Silence may beviewedby some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. 沉默在某些文化中被认为是最令人不舒服的；因此人们可能会在每个间隙填充对话。 From the teachers point ofview, children should be left to decide w

32、hat to read and how to read. 从老师的角度来看，应该让孩子自己决定读什么，怎么读。 2).sight强调看的动作。 Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a walking journey, as they caughtsightof an old hikersguide. 找不到其他出口，他们决定步行，因为他们看到一本旧的步行指南。 Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all thesights, sounds

33、and sensations. 下次你散步，不管走到哪，都要记住所见、所听和所感。 We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the firstsightof something shiny and new. 我们有可能会认为我们都有这样的习惯，一见到光鲜亮丽的东西就摒弃陈旧的工艺。 She did reach the station just as the train came intosight. 就在火车刚一露头时候她真得到达了车站。（可以望见）CommentIf there is truly

34、a concern about a professors professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer yourcomments.如果真对教授的专业或能力有所顾虑的话，一定要使在线课程评估，冷静的提出自己的看法。The professor doesnt remember thecommentshe or she wrote on your individual piece of work, though he or she will be able to recall t

35、hem after just a brief glance at your work.尽管教授浏览一眼你的作业后能够回想起他曾经的批语，但是他或她记不住每个人作业上的批注。第二部分：短语travel plan旅行规划prepare for为什么做准备make a reservation for预订apply for a visa申请护照book a ticket订票rent a car租车catch every word听懂每句话the coming holiday即将要来的假日focus on关注，聚焦key words关键词语get around随意走走on foot步行the model

36、 for什么的典范a travel destination旅行目的地be wrong about在方面出错误，误解the source of information信息源take you on a path引领某人到on the way to在去的路上be made of 由什么构成live on something by doing通过做什么谋生。contect somebody at -以联系某人based on基于business class商务舱（二等舱）by credit card使用信用卡preferred time心仪的时间final thoughts最终想法a reply to

37、 对的回应in the last few days在最后几天里so far到目前为止cable car缆车design a travel brochure设计旅行指南be interested in对什么感兴趣attend a university上大学be popular with受欢迎be lost to沉浸于be bad for对有害recommend something for somebody向某人推荐什么第三部分：句子1. Below are two texts about Peru.Especially amazing is the Incasdry stone method o

38、f building. 以上两个句子是典型的倒装句，为了避免头重脚轻，平衡句子的结构。常见的此类倒装有三种： 1). 某些副词(now, then, here, there, down, up, out, away, off, in等)和表示运动趋向的动词(go, come, fly, run, lie, stand等)连用放句首，句子倒装。 John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before. For a moment nothing happened. Then came voices all shouting

39、 together. What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover. Out comes a “Soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. 2). There be结构去掉there，把状语前置，句子倒装。 At the foot of the mount

40、ain lies a village. Haning on my bed room wall is a picture of my baby daughter. At the base is a rainforest. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland desert: gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks. 3). If引导的虚拟语气，去掉if，形成倒装。 Were she a man, she would be elected as president. Hadnt I seen it with my own eyes, I woul

41、d not have believed it. _ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.(Were it)2. From there, you will spend one day travelling by boat to your accommodation. 在我们的印象中，介词后面都是加名词、代词、动名词的，但是介词后面也可以加形容词或者副词。 1). It is so pleasant to look form so high. 从那么高的地方往下看真过瘾

42、。 2). The outcome is still far from clear. 结果还不是很明了。 3). In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory,students took notes as before. 在另一个检测长久记忆的试验里，学生像以前一样记笔记。 4). They get sucked into things that are not as important. 他们卷入了一些不重要的事情里。 5). People often think of gossipers as harmless,but cr

43、uel lies can cause pain. 人们都认为搬弄是非的人是没有什么害处的，但是残酷的谎言有时也会造成伤害。 6). Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable. 不像粉刷墙壁那么累，也不像买色彩斑斓的沙发那么贵，选择小颜色点缀会给他们带来易换的巨大利益。3. The Incas bu

44、ilt wonderful cities full of amazing architecture.形容词除了做前置定语外，还可以用相关的短语做后置定语，比如：Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.不再是学生了？到政府的网站上了解各种活动和在线工具，能够助30岁以下的你全年学技术

45、、找工作或是自行创业。4. To me, the story of the Army is almost unbelievable. “To somebody”表示“对于来说”。 如果是客观的，用介词for；如果是主观的，比较局限的，用介词to,还可以在前面加as 1). To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. 对于那些习惯了只选择市场上诸如Golden Delicious and Royal Gala苹果的人来说，到这个苹果节会大开眼界地看到像Decio这种罗马人培育的古老品种依然还在。2). As for the USA, it is almost unique