高一新教材英语第四单元知识点详解.docx

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1、第一部分：单词1. 英汉对译tornadodrogughlandslidelandfalltsunamimagnitudeevacuatehelicoptercrackbrickmetalpercentreviverevivalunifycontexttyphoonhurricanetappipewhistlefirst aid kitEcuadorMemphisAlbertaColomboSri LankaIndonesiaThailandSumatraChandra Theeravit2. 会变词形disasterdisastrousvolcanovolcanic erupteruptio

2、n electricityelectricelectricallelectricizeelectronicelectronicselectronicallywisdomwiseemergencyemergentsummarysummarizesum 3. 课本所见reductionsummaryflood-hit areashelterkeendeadlyuselessrelativemonitor seniorreleasetiphookdestructionminimisetoctonicsection completely1). Life in a small town could be

3、deadlydull. 小镇的生活有时会相当无聊。2). The Sudan version wasdeadlyenough, killing 50% of those it infected. 苏丹版的病毒更加致命,致使50%的感染者死亡。3). The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off thehookfor another season. 趁着其他父母对下一个赛季欣慰放松之时，教练能够集中精力训练孩子们。4). I was required to read on

4、e of Bernie Siegels books in college and washookedon his positivity from that moment on. 在大学我被要求去阅读Bernie Siegel的一部作品而自那以后被他积极的态度所着迷。5). Seeing as how we got on so well together, it just seemed natural that we shouldhook up. 看我们相处的那么好，就好像我们天生就该搭档在一起。6). Fish and Wildlife Service carefullymonitorsand

5、 manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. 渔业和野生动物管理局密切监视并控制着黄石公园里的狼群。4. 列举掌握slide 1). Six volunteerssliddown the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90-minute search. (从悬崖滑下)2). Documentary: a visual presentationsuch as a video,slideshow,or computer projectn

6、o more than 10 minutes long. (幻灯展示)flood1). Adults understand what it feels like to befloodedwith objects. 成年人能够理解到处东西是什么感觉。2). But when he finally reached her, the womanfloodedhim with questions: Who are you? What antique shop? 被人连珠炮般的问道3). Donations beganfloodingin from hundreds of people. （涌入）4).

7、 The project connectsfloodedroads and highways. （被洪水冲毁的道路）rescue1). I was the first western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandasrescuedfrom starvation in the wild. 以免饿死从野外营救的大熊猫。2). I got arescuecall from a woman in muttontown. 求救电话aid1). In tonights faster special, they co

8、me to theaidof a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. 帮助（动词短语）2). Holker once again opens its gardens inaidof the disadvantaged.帮助（介词短语）death1). But pronouncing thedeathof class is too early.但是宣布阶级的消亡还为时过早。2). A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart

9、disease and earlydeathsfrom all causes.每天只要510分钟的跑步可以降低因心脏病和其他所有诱因导致的早死。as if 1). Its almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together.好像一起嚎叫好像可以帮助狼群保持联系。2). It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun.看起来好像除了我每个人都有朋友并玩得都很开心。3). When fat and salt are removed from fo

10、od, the food tastes as if is missing something. 当脂肪和盐被从食物中除掉后，食物尝起来好像缺失了什么东西。breathe1). If the air yourebreathingis cleanwhich it would be if youre away from the smog of citiesthen the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. 及物动词，呼吸空气。2). If you exercise out of doors,your body will learn

11、tobreathemore deeply,allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain. 不及物动词，呼吸。3). I became out ofbreathand the once injured ankle hurt badly. 名词短语，气喘吁吁，上气不接下气。4). After climbing up a hill for a panoramic view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch

12、mybreath. 名词短语，喘口气power1). Psychological research shows we consistently underestimate our mentalpowers. 思维能力2). More windpowerstations will spring up to meet the demand for clean energy. 电厂3). I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had thepowerto make or break a persons world. 有能力做什么

13、4). It seems obvious that these have made humankind the mostpowerfulanimal on earth. 强壮的, 强有力的survive1). Its hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way tosurvive. 动词，生存2). She coughed and choked and could hardlysurviveher first few weeks. 及物动词，熬过头几个礼拜。3). Determining where we are in relati

14、on to our surroundings remains an essential skill for oursurvival. 对我们的生存来说crash1). They would define the drivers role in such cars and govern how such cars perform incrasheswhere lives might be lost. 名词，撞击，冲撞，装车2). Hecrashedinto a car parked there. 动词， 撞上，冲入3). In July, a sister craft of thecrashed

15、spaceplane was reported to be about half-finished. 形容词，失事飞船sweep 1). Wintry weather continues tosweepacross Britain. 寒冷的天气继续席卷整个英国。2). In times of war, governments oftensweephuman rights aside. 战争时期，政府经常对人权置之不顾。3). Did yousweepup all the broken glass? 你有没有把碎玻璃都扫掉? 4). Pahlsson and her husband now th

16、ink the ring probably gotsweptinto a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden. 被扫进 5). The beautifulsweepingcoastline was cloaked in mist. 美丽的海岸线一望无际，笼罩在迷雾之中。wave1). As I approached mile 23, I could see my wifewavinga sign. 动词，招手示意，晃动2).Its partly that his writings rode awaveof social,

17、 political and scientific progress. 名词，社会潮流，大趋势3). Little kids and the elderly are the ones who have suffered the most from this extreme heatwave. 热浪effect affectaffection 1). Favorable policies are ineffectto encourage employees professional development. 实际上 2). The changes in our population will h

18、ave lastingeffectson our social development and our way of life.对什么有影响3). According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to avoid robotsaffectingthe world. 动词，影响4). To my mother, the poem revealed a parentsaffectionwhen her child grows up and leaves. 名词，喜爱length 1). At lengththey came within si

19、ght of the castle. 他们终于看见城堡了. 2). The movie is nearly two hoursin length. 这个电影几乎有2小时长。5. 重点掌握damage destroy ruin 这三个动词在破坏程度上一个比一个严重1). At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing withdamagingfloods.有破坏性的2). Damagedbut not defeated, he was still ahead of me.收到挫折但未被击败，3). Without ox

20、ygen the brain isdamagingquickly. 不及物动词，损伤，遭受损毁4). One of the mostdamagingthings a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks.令他人受害的。5). Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in thedamagedwooden ship.被损毁的6). Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher co

21、uld result indamageto personal property. 对什么造成伤害7). When the war was near, Alia was worried that the fires of war woulddestroythe books. 破坏8). When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood inruins. 处于废墟的状态。9). This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me an

22、d that woman who ruined it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. 完全毁掉supply1). Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! he didnt have food, water, a phone, or othersupplies.其他必需品2). Our task is tosupplyvegetables all the year round. 动词，供应3). Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack D

23、usty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton. 供应商shock1). I wasshockedwhen I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time. 震惊2). Now, electricshocktraining and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.电击3). So scientists have come up with ashockingidea. 惊人的4). They we

24、reshockedto find two policemen standing next to it. 做什么事情吃惊5). The three of them knelt down beside Juliets bedin shock. 处于震惊状态的。6). Shockingly, the two groups came up with plans of similar quality. 令人吃惊地是7). Later,Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered little of childhood but its pain

25、. vt.让震惊trap1). Humans are no lesstrappedby light pollution than the frogs. 被包围，被什么困扰2). He freed it from thetrap. 名词, 夹子，陷阱3). Those who dare to try often get themselvestrapped. 被困在内bury1). When these organisms die, theyburycarbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the g

26、lobal climate. 锁住2). The document was discovered buried in the university archives(档案). 堆在什么之中，埋在什么里面。3). I wandered into the dining room where you were buried under piles of law books. 聚精会神地做什么strike1). Finally, you never know what wonderful idea mightstrikewhile your mind has moved slowly away.突然出

27、现2). Itstruckme that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.3). Just before September, Miller wasstruckby a car and lost his right arm.被撞到4). These effects of the Internet have become even morestrikingsince Ive begun using a smartphone.令人吃惊的5). The s

28、nake coiled up, ready tostrike. 攻击6). The railstrikeis causing major disruptions at the countrys ports.罢工7). A senior defence official said last night that they would continue the airstrikes. 打击deliver1). Once his message wasdelivered, he allowed me to stay and watch.传递，2). I usually have fast foodd

29、eliveredto my office.分发，派递3). Few want to live without search engines or a quickdelivery. 名词，派递4). Charlotte found herself operating on damaged limbs and setting broken bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area. 动词，接生5). In the letter,Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teach

30、ers or build suitable buildings for a medical school and to arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews. 授课、演讲calm1). I placed the chick in the nest, and it quicklycalmeddown. 动词短语，平静。2). It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people

31、 staycalmand attentive.形容词，心态平和的3). Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly. 平心静气地，平静地4). Blue is another calming color. 形容词，令人平静地。5). A one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers. 比较级，更平静的第二部分：短语raise awareness提高认识reduce mortolity降低死亡率safety measures安全措施relief

32、 work安抚工作a report on关于什么的报道as usual如往常一样tens of thousands of许多in shock吃惊地in times of 在样的时代stay positive保持积极向上的态度warning signs警报信号in the revival of在的复兴中win praise for因什么而获奖wake up苏醒，醒来in the open air在野外take turns to do轮流做什么prepare for为什么做准备safety instructions安全指导stay away from远离keep/have on hand保持随时在

33、手边in all directions从各个方向in danger处于危险run to safety逃离到安全地带follow the steps按步骤做give somebody a clear idea of 让人清楚明白put up 支起，树立supporting points论据cause damage造成损失trap from受困于a supply of一些，一部分keep quiet保持安静carry out执行，实施live a new life过着新的生活help somebody rebuild帮助某人重建out of gratitude出于感激in a wish to do

34、 想要做give a presentation on做关于什么的展示a symbol of spirit一种精神象征known causes已知诱因visual aids直观教具out of nowwhere突然地a series of一系列的第三部分：句子1. Dogs refused to go inside buildings.本句应该关注的是一类词，一般情况下，表示“意愿”的动词，后面都可以加to do做宾语。比如：promise to do, intend to do, plan to do, prefer to do, mean to do, hesitate to do, des

35、ire to do等。练习：1). The little boy offered_( carry) the heavy box for his mother. (to carry)2). The lady managed_( go) to hospital before her husband came back. (to go)3). The boy pretended_(read) his book when his mother came in. (to be reading)4). The boy pretended_(know) all the answers when the te

36、acher asked him the questions.(to have known)2. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. 本句要关注的要点是in+段时间的短语，可以用在一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时。本句即为一般过去时。 练习： 1). In the coming months, we _(bring) together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeares plays in their own language. (are

37、 bringing) 2). Probably, realization _(set) in seconds after youve clicked “send”. ( will set) 3). Just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades _(go) on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. (has gone) 4). I gathered my courage, walked to the black

38、board and _(work) it out in no time. (worked)3. All of its hospitals were gone. 1). Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again. 很快庞大的鸟群不见了，再也没出现过。 2). If we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will begone. 如果我们不阻止气候的改变，世界上很多动植物将灭绝。 3). In general, keep an eye

39、on their property while they aregone. 通常就是在他们不在的时候照看一下他们的物品。 4). But once that money isgone, he says he doesnt know what hell do. 他说，一旦钱要是花光了，他不知如何是好。 5). Gonewill be the days when Luxembourg has more voting rights than India, China and Brazil. 卢森堡日印度、中国和巴西拥有更多的票数的日子将一去不返了。4. People were in shock.本句

40、的考点在于，in+抽象名词，可以表达状态，或表示在某方面。1). The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger.2). It can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence.3). Her simple act landed Parks in prison.4). Some wildernesses contain them in abundance.5). It is an easy-to-read

41、collection of poems originally written to encourage in faith. 5. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people.这个结构我们在学native的时候，曾经见到过类似的表达(可以说be strange to, be native to, be alien to, be home to, be foreign to等)，但是这些表达中的词汇都是形容词或副词，课文里用的这个home却是名词。这一类词汇常见的有way, key, solution, answer