(1)--1 basic knowledge of engineering工程制图基础工程制图基础.ppt

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1、Basic knowledge of engineering drawing1 Introduction 2 Related Provisions in National Standards 3 Orthographic projection&Three views of components4 Projection of pointsTools:triangles,compass,pencils(2H/HB),eraser Assignments:P3/2-1，2-2，2-3,2-4Next:BP23-311.Introduction1.2 Objects and features of t

2、his course1.2 Objects and features of this course1.3 Nature and tasks of this course1.3 Nature and tasks of this course1.4 Study method1.4 Study method of this courseof this course1.1 Applications1.1 ApplicationsGreat wall in China1.1 Applications Pyramid in EgyptSydney Opera HouseBird nest in Beiji

3、ng1.1 Applications Landmark building in ShanghaiDe La Tour Hotel Arabia1.1Applications J20 of chinaF-22 of America1.1 Applications Space rocketSpace ship1.1 Applications Aircraft carrier1.1Applications Aero-engineIt can unveiling the secret design,research the delicacy structure.1.1Applications Engi

4、neering drawing is the science related with design,representation and engineering.All the above said need engineering drawingHow can you manufacture,construction,or assembly the objects above?1.1 Applications lIt is a common engineering language for engineer.lIt is an engineering subject.The course

5、mainly studies the basic theories and methods for the construction and reading of engineering drawings as well as related national standards on Mechanical Drawing.The main features of the book are the following:lIt is a foundation subject for other engineering-related subjects.1.2 Features of this c

6、ourse（1 1）To study the basic theory and applications of orthographic projection and train students with abilities in design and innovation.（2 2）To train students with abilities in spatial and logical thinking,visual imagination,conceptualization,exploration and innovation.（3 3）To train students with

7、 a balanced skill in hand drawing,instrument drawing and computer assisted drawing as well as the ability in reading engineering drawings.（4 4）To train students with serious working attitude,meticulous working style and their persistence in complying with related national standards.The tasks of this

8、 course as following:The tasks of this course as following:1.3 The character and tasks of this course1.3 The character and tasks of this course （1 1）come in the class in time and listen carefully (2)(2)practice after class (3)(3)study online:UPC Cloud classroom http:/ Wisdom Tree:https:/ (4 (4)previ

9、ew before the class,review after classDiscipline&Final marks:（1）attendance(10%)（2）presentation+answer questions in class(10%),（3）assignments,study online(30%),（4）final exam(50%)1.4 Study methodologies1.4 Study methodologies of this courseof this course2.1 Standard drawing sheets with layout （GB/T 14

10、689GB/T 1468919931993）Title block （GB/T 10609.1GB/T 10609.119891989）2.3.Lettering （GB/T 14691GB/T 1469119931993）(fonts:(fonts:capital,lowercase,italic and normal)capital,lowercase,italic and normal)2.2 Scale （GB/T 14690GB/T 1469019931993）(originality,(originality,enlargement,and reduced scale)enlarg

11、ement,and reduced scale)2.4.Line styles （GB/T 4457.4GB/T 4457.420022002）2.2.Related Provisions in National StandardsRelated Provisions in National Standards2.5.Dimensioning （GB/T 4458.4GB/T 4458.420032003）1261147116821982210225236301051A4 5A4 4A4 3A084111890A15941486 1783 2080 2378A3 3A3 4891420A229

12、7A3210A42.1 Standard drawing sheets with layout2.1 Standard drawing sheets with layout（GB/T 14689GB/T 1468919931993）The code of surface The code of surface(幅面代号幅面代号幅面代号幅面代号)BL BL (尺寸尺寸尺寸尺寸)a a a ac ce eA0A084111898411189252510102020A1A1594841594841A2A24205944205941010A3A32974202974205 5A4A4210297210

13、297cTitle blocks标标 题题 栏栏X-typeY-typeLBc c aLTitle blocks标标 题题 栏栏Bc a cBorder area Border linesSheet framecStandard drawing sheets with layoutStandard drawing sheets with layout（GB/T 14689GB/T 1468919931993）Title block （GB/T 10609.1GB/T 10609.119891989）Suggested typeSuggested type(批准)(审核)(工艺)(材料标记)(单

14、位名称)(图样名称)(图样代号)(重量)(比例)(标记)(更改文件号)(签 名)(阶段标记)(共 张)(第 章)(日 期)(日 期)(日 期)(签 名)(签 名)(设计)(日 期)(日 期)(日 期)(标准化)（处数）（分区）(存储代号)2.2 Scale （GB/T 14690 GB/T 14690 19931993）Originality scaleOriginality scale1:1 Down scaleDown scale (1:1.5)1:2 (1:2.5)1:3 (1:4)1:5 (1:6)1:110n(1:1.510n)1:210n (1:2.510n)(1:410n)1:5

15、10n (1:610n)Enlarged scaleEnlarged scale 2:1 (2.5:1)(4:1)5:1 110n:1 2.510n:1 (410n:1)510n:1The size of the drawingThe size of the drawingThe size of the objectThe size of the objectLettering (Style)（GB/T 14691GB/T 1469119931993）Chinese characters should Chinese characters should be the“Fang Song”be

16、the“Fang Song”The font for all characters can be in italic fontThe font for all characters can be in italic font R Description Line example WidthUsageContinuous thick line d dTo indicate visible outlines,edgesTo indicate visible outlines,edgesContinuous thin line d/3 d/3For dimensions,projection hat

17、ching and leader lines,For dimensions,projection hatching and leader lines,also for the outline of coincidence section,root of threadalso for the outline of coincidence section,root of threadIrregular（continuous thin）line d/3 d/3Part sectional boundary lines or to terminate a part view,Part sectiona

18、l boundary lines or to terminate a part view,and for short break lineand for short break lineContinuous thin straight line with intermittent zigzag To To show show a a break break on on an an adjacent adjacent member member to to which which a a component is attachedcomponent is attachedThin dashed

19、line d/3 d/3Hidden edges,hidden outlines.(Long line=12d,Hidden edges,hidden outlines.(Long line=12d,granularity=3d)granularity=3d)Thick dashed lineShown can be made surface-treatment.(Long line=12d,Shown can be made surface-treatment.(Long line=12d,granularity=3d)granularity=3d)Thin long dashed dott

20、ed line d/3d/3Axis lines,symmetrical center lines,etc.(Long line=24d,Axis lines,symmetrical center lines,etc.(Long line=24d,granularity=6,granularity=6,dot=3d)=3d)Thick long dashed dotted lineTo indicate a cutting plane for sectional views.(Long To indicate a cutting plane for sectional views.(Long

21、line=24d,granularity=6,line=24d,granularity=6,dot=3d)=3d)Thin long dashed double dotted lineTo To indicate indicate adjacent adjacent parts parts alternative alternative and and extreme extreme positions positions of of moving moving parts,parts,also also to to indicate indicate imaginary imaginary

22、line line(Long line=24d,granularity=6,(Long line=24d,granularity=6,dot=3d)=3d)2.3 Line styles （GB/T 4457.4GB/T 4457.420022002）Line styles （GB/T 4457.4GB/T 4457.420022002）Axis line,thin dashed dotted line Center line,thin dashed dotted lineVisible edges and outlines,continuous thick line Dimension li

23、ne,continuous thin line Extension line,continuous thin line Boundary between view and section view,continuous thin irregular lineThe broken part,boundary,continuous thin straight line with intermittent zigzags Imaginary line,long dashed double dotted thin line Hidden edges,thin dashed line The examp

24、le of drawing lines manipulate Line styles （GB/T 4457.4GB/T 4457.420022002）The example of center lineThe example of center line Correct Correct Small circleSmall circle WrongWrong The center line should connect with the line segmentShould be longer than the segmentShould leave some Space 2 5mmThe en

25、d point cant be dottedThere is no room in the circle center,and cant be dottedShould be a short line,not a dot Too longThe center line of small circle can be replace by continuous thin line 2.4 Dimensioning（GB/T4458.4GB/T4458.420032003）1.1.1.1.Basic rules (P9)Basic rules (P9)2.2.2.2.The example of d

26、imensionThe example of dimension2.4 Dimensioning（GB/T4458.4GB/T4458.420032003）wrong3.1 Orthographic projection3.1 Orthographic projection 3.2 Three views of components3.2 Three views of components 3.Orthographic projection&Three views of components3.1 Projection concepts1)Center PROJECTIONS OABCA1B1

27、C1PROJECTIONCENTER OF PROJECTIONPROJECTION PLANEOBJECT The projection of a point is the intersection point of the projector passing through the given point and the projection plane.When the projectors converge to a point the projection is called a central projection or a perspective projection.PROJE

28、CTORSOParallel and orthographic projectionIf the center of projection is imagined as infinitely distant from the object and the projection plane,the projectors will be parallel;hence the resulting projection is known as the parallel projection.If the projectors are perpendicular to the plane of proj

29、ection,-orthographic2)Orthographic Projectionmain view:frontal projection of a composite solid;Top view:horizontal projection.Left view:profile projection.3.2 Formation of three views 3.2 Formation of three views attention:attention:（1 1）the relative position of three views canthe relative position

30、of three views cant be changed.t be changed.（2 2）the space between any two views can be adjusted.the space between any two views can be adjusted.3.2 Formation of three views3.2 Formation of three viewsUPLeftFront Regulationegulation （1 1）mainmaintop:same lengthtop:same length（A A）;（2 2）mainmainleft:

31、same heightleft:same height（B B）;（3 3）toptopleft:same widthleft:same width（C C）。）。characteristic of the three viewscharacteristic of the three views4 projections of point4.1 three projections of a point4.2 projection of special points4.3 Relationship of Projection and coordinate4.4 Relative position

32、 of two pointsxHOWaazayayzyHyWaaxVa 4 projections of a point 4 projections of a pointWOxVzaaAaaxyyxzxyzazaya a The horizontal projection of the point The horizontal projection of the point A A a a The frontal projection of the pointThe frontal projection of the point A A a a The profile projection o

33、f the pointThe profile projection of the point A A4.1 three projections of a point4.1 three projections of a pointa a a a OZOZ The The height alignmentheight alignment,Z Z equal.equal.XYYZ The The principleprinciple of points of points aaaa OXOX The The length alignmentlength alignment,X X equalequa

34、l.aaaa OYOY TheThe width equality width equality,Y Y equal.equal.a a a aa a axaZ ZaYH aY YW b b(c(c)aab b c cab bc cab b c c(1)(1)(1)(1)(2)(2)(2)(2)1.Draw the third projection from its two others shown.1.Draw the third projection from its two others shown.b b(c(c)aab b c cab bc cab b c c 1.Draw the

35、third projection from its two others shown.1.Draw the third projection from its two others shown.(1)(1)(1)(1)(2)(2)(2)(2)b ba c cab bc cxHOWzyHyWVb 4.2 projection of special points 4.2 projection of special pointsOxWVzbBybcddBbcdbbcccDDdd？CCccdOxHOWaazayayzyHyWaaxVa4.3 Relationship of Projection and

36、 coordinateWOxVzaaAaaxyyxzxyzazayZ=a ax=a a aYw The distance of A to H.X=a az=aaYH The distance of A to W.Y=aax =a a az The distance of A to V.ya aa aa aStepsSteps ：（1）Drawing coordinate origin and axis.（2）According to coordinate of point A,construct projection a a,a a;（3）According to rules projecti

37、ons of point,draw projection a a.4.4 Relationship of Projection and coordinate4.4 Relationship of Projection and coordinateExample1.The point Example1.The point A A (5 5,10,15,10,15).construct three projections of).construct three projections of A A.A A4.3 4.3 Relationship of Projection and coordina

38、teEx.Draw three projections of points A,B,C,D,from its coordinate.A A(2020、1515、1010)；B B(2020、1515、2525)；C C(1010、1515、1010)；D D(1010、2525、1010)。4.4 Relative position of two pointsRelative position of two points Relative positions of point Relative positions of point A A B B Up and down Up and down

39、 Z ZFront and back Front and back Y Y Left and right Left and right X Xaa abbAX XaaaStepsSteps（2 2 2 2）Construct projection b b b b.Example2.Point Example2.Point B B below below A10A10,after,after A A5 5,left left A10A10.construct projections of.construct projections of B B.A AB B （1 1 1 1）Construct

40、 projection b b b b,b,b,b,b.b b below10left10after5IdentificationIdentification When projected to the H-Plane,up covering down.Identification and labeling of coincident point Identification and labeling of coincident point LabelingLabelingDefiningDefining when two points on the solid are on the same

41、 vertical line of a projection plane,the two projected points will be the same point and the two points are called the coincident point of the projection.When projected to the V-Plane,front covering back.When projected to the W-Plane,left covering right.All invisible projections of points are writte

42、n in brackets.b A AB BStepsSteps2.Construct projections D D,d d d d,d d d d ,d d d d ;1.Construct projections C C,c c,c c,cc;C CD D(c)Example3.Point Example3.Point C C from from WW 5mm,from 5mm,from V V10mm,from10mm,fromH H10mm.point10mm.point D D from from WW1 15 5mmmm,from from V V 10mm,from 10mm,

43、from H H 5mm.construct three projections of point 5mm.construct three projections of point C.DC.D and distinguish its visibility.and distinguish its visibility.a a b abc c d ()()d 1.Draw the third-view from its two other views shownDraw the third-view from its two other views shown.Exercises2.2.Cons

44、truct the three projections of points Construct the three projections of points A,B,C,DA,B,C,D.from.from its coordinate and distance.its coordinate and distance.3.The point The point A A (3030,15,0,15,0).according to request draw the three ).according to request draw the three projections of points

45、projections of points A,B,CA,B,C.4.4.Draw three projections of points Draw three projections of points A,B,C,DA,B,C,D,from its coordinate.,from its coordinate.2.Construct the three projections of points 2.Construct the three projections of points A,B,C,DA,B,C,D.from its coordinate and distance.from

46、its coordinate and distance.Point Point distancedistance H H distance distance V V distance distance WW X Y Z A 15 10 20 B 10 0 10 C 15 10 0 D 0 20 20cc 3.The point 3.The point A A (30,15,030,15,0),according to request draw the three ,according to request draw the three projections of points project

47、ions of points A,B,CA,B,C.(1)(1)(1)(1)B:right A20,front A15,up A20 C:left A5,back A10,up A25 C:left A5,back A10,up A25 C:left A5,back A10,up A25 C:left A5,back A10,up A251.Draw projection of point Draw projection of point A A 2.Draw projection of pointDraw projection of point B B3.Draw projection of

48、 pointDraw projection of point C CaaabbbcSteps Steps ：cc1 1.Draw projection of point Draw projection of point A A2.Draw projection of pointDraw projection of point B B 3.Draw projection of pointDraw projection of point C Caaabbbc(2)(2)(2)(2)Point B left A5,Point B left A5,Point B left A5,Point B lef

49、t A5,after after after after A A A A5 5 5 5，up up up up A A A A15151515.point point point point C C C C right Aright Aright Aright A15151515，front front front front A A A A10101010mmmmmmmm，up up up up A A A A30303030.Steps Steps ：3.The point 3.The point A A (30,15,030,15,0),according to request draw

50、 the three ,according to request draw the three projections of points projections of points A,B,CA,B,C.b()d()ab4.Draw three projections of points4.Draw three projections of points A,B,C,D A,B,C,D,from its coordinate.,from its coordinate.A A A A(20202020、15151515、10101010)；B B B B (20202020、15151515、