高中英语语法考点精讲精练：虚拟语气.docx

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1、高中英语语法考点精讲精练：虚拟语气【考点1】虚拟语气（1）if引导的非真实条件句If从句主句过去had donecould/would/might/should+ have done现在did/werecould/would/might/should+ do将来didwere to doshould do例：1. If I were you, I should go and see the doctor at once.2. If we had no electricity, what would our life be?3. If you had told him yesterday, he

2、 might have made some suggestions.4. If I had valued the true love when I got it, I wouldnt have greatly regretted when I lost it.5. If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we would have played tennis.6. If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.7. If it should rain tomorrow, o

3、ur picnic would be put off.8. If God offered me another chance right now, I would utter the three words to the girl, “I love you”.【跟踪训练】1. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did comeC. cameD. had come2. The rice _ if you had been more caref

4、ul. A. would not be burningB. would not burn C. would not have burntD. would not burnt3. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented5. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn,

5、 you _ so tired. A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got7. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken

6、 D. would have been warned; had not taken8. If it _ rain tomorrow, they would not go there by bike. A. would B. could C. might D. should9. John is really expert at fighting cybercrime!Yes, but he _ his potential if it had not been for his desire to meet the new challenge.A. never realizedB. would ne

7、ver realize C. would never have realizedD. had never realized10. Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she_there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. were to live【真题实战】1. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would cert

8、ainly go for an outing with you.A. have had B. had had C. have D. had2. If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. A. havent madeB. wouldnt makeC. didnt make D. hadnt made3. If my car _more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. A. w

9、as B. had beenC. should be D. would be4. We wouldnt have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _us a ride home. A. didnt offer B. wouldnt offerC. hasnt offeredD. hadnt offered【考点2】虚拟语气（2）if引导的非真实条件句之省略倒装在非真实条件句中，如果含有助动词were, had, should, 可将if省略，并将were, had, should放在主语前，构成倒装句式。【跟踪训练】改写下列句子。1. If I were y

10、ou, I would try it again. 2. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. 3. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. 5._ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will6._ for the free tickets, I would not have gone

11、 to the films so often.A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they have not【真题实战】1. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .Awould have been saved Bhad been saved Cwill be savedDwas saved【考点3】虚拟语气（3）if引导的非真实条件句之混合错综在非真实条件句中，有时条件句的动作和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，

12、这时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整，这叫混合虚拟条件句或错综时间条件句例：If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.(be)If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.(know)If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.(go)If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and mo

13、st likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.(lend)【跟踪训练】1. If the flower had been watered, it _ now. A. wouldnt die B. is dead C. had been dead D. will not die2. If his television set had not been stolen yesterday, he _ TV now. A. would watch B. would have watched C. would be watchi

14、ng D. is watching3. If he _ that operation two years ago, he _ in better health now.A. had, is B. had had, would be C. had, were D. had had, would have been4. If I _ you, I _ to her birthday party last night.A. am, will go B. was, would goC. were, would go D. were, would have gone【真题实战】1. It is hard

15、 for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I_ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallenB. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall2.The weather has been very hot and dry.Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better n

16、ow! And my vegetables . A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died 3. Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying【考点4】虚拟语气（4）if引导的非真实条件句之含蓄虚拟有时假设的情况并不是以条件句的形式表示，而是通过一些介词短语或上下文等方式表现出来，这

17、种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句，其作用与非真实条件句一样，并且可以转换为非真实条件句。or, otherwise, with, without, but for, but, under等词经常出现在含蓄虚拟条件句中。例： 省略了条件从句，多用于表示强烈的情感。That would be fine. 省略了主句的形式（常用以表示愿望）。If only I had help you. 有许多格言，名句是由条件句省略而来。Waste not, want not= If you didnt waste, you would not want. 不浪费，不愁缺。 不定式短语代替if条件从句的虚拟语气形式。To

18、hear him from speak English, one would take him for a foreigner.= If one were to hear him speak English, one would take him for a foreigner.如果有人听他说英语，会把他当做是外国人。 注意分词和独立结构引导的虚拟语气Given more than two hours, we could have done the work better. Not having finished the work, he couldnt have seen this film

19、. 介词短语代替if条件从句的虚拟语气形式。But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier.Without the storm I would have arrived much earlier.=If it had not been for the storm, I would have arrived much earlier.She came here yesterday, otherwise /or I would not have met her.=If she had not come here yesterday, I wo

20、uld not have met her. I would have attended the meeting last night, but I was too busy.= If I had not been too busy，I would have attended the meeting.【跟踪训练】1. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 2. Yesterday Jane walked away from t

21、he discussion. Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later. A. had saidB. said C. might say D. might have said 【真题实战】1.Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he A. was busyB. is busy C. had been busy Dwill be busy2. Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. I it, but I was busy prepar

22、ing for a job interview. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended3. I _ through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone4. We Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.Awill putB. will

23、have putC. would putD. would have put5. We _the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me? A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced【考点5】虚拟语气（5） 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。 1)与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) 2)与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)

24、+had done3)与将来事实相反 : wish + would/could/might+do【跟踪训练】1. Have you visited the Science Museum? No, but I really wish I _.A. hadB. did C. haveD. will2. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there.A. was B. were C. had beenD. went3. Tom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I cert

25、ainly wish he _me how.A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach4. I went to bed early last night, but I wish I so.A. didnt do B. hadnt done C. havent doneD. couldnt do 5. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 【考点6】虚拟语气（6） 宾语从

26、句中的虚拟语气。would rather that1)与现在事实相反 : would rather + (that)+did(were) 2)与过去事实相反 : would rather + (that)+had done3)与将来事实相反 : would rather + did(were)【跟踪训练】1. Id rather that you _ there yesterday and _ again next weekend. A. went; should come B. should go; had come C. had gone; came D. go; come2. I bla

27、med her yesterday. I would rather you _ that. A. didnt do B. hadnt done C. wouldnt do D. shouldnt do【考点7】虚拟语气（7） 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。表示要求、命令、建议的从句中,谓语通常用“（should）+V原形”常见动词: 一个坚持, 两个命令, 三个建议, 四个要求1). insist2). order, command3). advise, suggest, propose4). demand, require, request, desire【跟踪训练】1. The teacher o

28、rdered that students_.A. mustnt smoke B. not smokeC. smoked D. had smoked2. The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished B. finish C. should finish D. be finished 3.The guard there insisted that everybody _ the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obeyD. would obey注意：1）insist作“坚决（主张）

29、，坚决（要求）”解时，表示一个主张或一种看法，后接的宾语从句采用虚拟语气；作“坚持（说）”，表示一个事实，后接的从句采用陈述语气。2）suggest作“表明，暗示”用陈述语气；作“建议”时才用虚拟语气。【跟踪训练】1. Mike insisted that he _ never _ (steal) anything.2. Mike insisted that he _ (leave) for London now.3. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.4. He suggested that we _ (finish) it before

30、dark.5. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do ; be set D. does; would be set【考点8】虚拟语气（8）主语从句中的虚拟语气。基本句型： 1. It be+过去分词+that+(should)+动词原形+过去分词：suggested, requested, ordered, proposed2. It be+形容词+that+(should)+动词原形+形容词: important, nece

31、ssary, natural, right, wrong, better, proper, funny, strange, surprising 3. It be+名词（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that+ (should)+动词原形+例：It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.Its suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now.Its important

32、 that we (should) take good care of the patient.【跟踪训练】1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination?A. takes B. has to takeC. must take D. take2. It is strange that he _ you this.A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told3. It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library.A. should allow B.

33、be allowedC. will be allowed D. is allowed【考点9】虚拟语气（9）表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice , decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。例：My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.【跟踪训练】1. His suggesti

34、on that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. triesC. must try D. can try2. He gave the advice that they _ each other.A. helped B. must help C. help D. had helped3. My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me.A. be sent B. have sent C. send D. should send【考点10】虚拟语气（10）状语从句中的虚拟语

35、气用在由as if/though引导的状语从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;表示将来用would + 动词原形。【跟踪训练】1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken2. The two strangers talked as if they _friends for years.A. should be B. would beC

36、. have been D. had been3. The clouds are getting darker and darker. It looks as if it _rain.A. is going toB. will C. was going to D. would【考点11】虚拟语气（11）If only的虚拟语气If only 要是就好了 = I wish1)与现在事实相反 : did(were) 2)与过去事实相反 : had done3)与将来事实相反 : would/could/might+do例：If my grandmother were with me!(be)如果我

37、的祖母与我在一起多好啊！(事实是：祖母已不在世)If only she had not left!(not leave)如果她没走就好了！(事实是：她已经走了)If only I had taken her advice!(take)如果我听从了她的建议就好了。(事实是：我没有听从)【跟踪训练】1. If only I _ (know) his name now!2. If only we _ (follow) your advice last time!3. If only I _ (see) him again next year!【考点12】虚拟语气（12）Its (about/high

38、) time +that的虚拟语气Its (about/high) time +that-过去时/should +V.例：Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.=Its time for us to go to bed.我们该去睡觉了。【跟踪训练】1. It is time that you _ the whole book.A. must go over B. can go overC. went over D. have gone over2. Excuse me, but it is time you

39、 your temperature . Ok.A. have; taken B. have; to takeC. had; taken D. had; to take【考点13】虚拟语气（13） may+动词原形。用 “may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首。May you be happy! 祝你快乐！May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就May the friendship last forever!May you succeed!May the plan work!【模拟演练】1.If I had had enough time, I_ my wo

40、rk. A. would finish B. must have finishedC. would have finished D. had finished 2.Ten minutes earlier, they _ the plane. A. will catch B. would catch C. would have caughtD. will have caught 3. Mr Green requires that the students _ a composition every other week. A. writeB. written C. would writeD. w

41、ill write 4.Had he studied hard, he_ the exam. A. would pass B. could pass C. had passed D. would have passed 5. John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 6. It is important that you _ sports every day. A. have B. would

42、 have C. must have D. will have 7.If there were no water in the world, everything _. A. will die B. would die C. would have diedD. would have been dead 8. _ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone. A. Had I known B. If I know C. If I knew D. If had I known 9.He ordered that the work _ right away. A. should finish B. finished C. would be finished D. be