2024年高考英语一轮复习（新人教版） 第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第三册 Unit 4　Adversity and Courage.docx

《2024年高考英语一轮复习（新人教版） 第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第三册 Unit 4　Adversity and Courage.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2024年高考英语一轮复习（新人教版） 第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第三册 Unit 4　Adversity and Courage.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、.认阅读单词1adversity n困境；逆境2expedition n探险；远征；探险队3endurance n忍耐力；耐久力4cupboard n橱柜；壁橱；衣柜5steward n(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员6crush vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎 n拥挤的人群7stove n炉具；厨房灶具8banjo n班卓琴(乐器)9voyage n& vi.航海；航行10navy n海军；海军部队11decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的12cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的13crew n(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人14rugby n橄榄球运动15corpo

2、rate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的16navigator n领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者17episode n(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲18motive n动机；原因；目的.记重点单词1wage n工资2bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的3vigour(vigor) n精力；力量；活力4sink vi.(sank/sunk，sunk)沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没5abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；遗弃6blanket n毯子7miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的8good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的9g

3、enuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的10thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的11furniture n家具12bark vi.& n(狗)吠叫；吠叫声；厉声质问13bat n球拍；蝙蝠 vi.& vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打14damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的15recreation n娱乐；消遣；游戏16nephew n侄子；外甥17rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的18motor n发动机；马达 adj.有引擎的；机动车的19candidate n候选人；应试者.知拓展单词1qualified adj.符合资格；具备的知识(或技能、学历等)qualify v

4、(使)具有资格；(使)合格qualification n资格；资历；资格证书2enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的enthusiastically adv.热情地enthusiasm n热情；热忱3aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)board v上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿 n木板；董事会；伙食4assign vt.分派；布置；分配assignment n任务；作业；分配5envy n& vt.羡慕；妒忌envious adj.忌妒的；羡慕的6belongings npl.财物；动产belong vi.属于；应在(某处)7selfish adj

5、.自私的selfishly adv.自私地selfishness n自私8perseverance n毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求9resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n决心；坚定的信念resolution n决议；解决；坚定；决心10cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地cruelty n残忍；残酷11unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地fortunately (反) adv.幸运地fortune n运气；财产fortunate adj.幸运的12guidance n指导

6、；引导；导航guide n导游；指南 vt.带领；引导；为领路13advertising n广告活动；广告业advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告advertisement n广告；宣传14loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的loyalty n忠诚；忠实15commitment n承诺；保证；奉献commit vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的1mess n凌乱2midnight n午夜3mild adj.温和的；轻微的4mineral n矿物质，矿物5minister n部长；牧师6minori

7、ty n少数；少数民族7misleading adj.误导性的8mixture n混合；混合物.背核心短语1turn sb down拒绝(某人)2make fire生火3give off放出(热、光、气味或气体)4dream of/about梦想5at the age of在岁时6be enthusiastic about对充满热情7become/be stuck in陷于8throw away扔掉9manage to do sth 设法做成某事10go from bad to worse每况愈下.悟经典句式1Below are some of Blackborows diary entrie

8、s.(全部倒装)以下是布莱克博罗的一些日记摘录。2Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential suppliesthe small boats，our food，the cook stove，candles，clothes，and blankets.(before引导的时间状语从句)在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把我们召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品小船、食物、炉子、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。3How could I becom

9、e as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees！(as.as.)我怎么能变得像托马斯奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！4It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.(as long as 只要)只要你坚持，最终就会成功。5If it werent for sea animals，we would all starve.(if引导的虚拟条件句)要是没有海洋生物，我们都得挨饿。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。Born in a wealt

10、hy family，my nephew，Jack，leads such a thoroughly decent and cosy life that he hardly meets with cruel adversities.He has been dreaming of an adventure since he was young.At 18，Jack 1.resolved to join an expedition advertised in the newspaper，but the leader turned him down because he thought Jack was

11、 not 2.qualified.Full of vigour，Jack never abandoned his dream for he was so 3.enthusiastic about a great voyage.At 19，he joined the navy and was assigned to be a steward with low wages.On a bitter cold day，the crew went 4.aboard a massive ship bound for Atlantic Ocean.Jack was genuine，good-tempered

12、 and loyal and he wasnt selfish，either.He often played the banjo for recreation.So those who were on the ship all liked him.Unfortunately，one day，the motor broke down and the ship got crushed on a huge iceberg.When the ship sank，their hearts also 5.sank.At that time，the calm captain made a commitmen

13、t to save them and commanded them to throw away their belongings such as stoves，blankets，bats，cupboards and other pieces of furniture.Finally，they were 6.fortunate enough to escape the ship.It was their endurance，resolution and perseverance that helped them survive.On the distant island，Jack managed

14、 to make fire with animal fat，which gave off a smelly smell and then he cooked sea animals.One month later，they were saved by a passing ship.In summary，it has been a miserable but unforgettable episode in Jacks life.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的(enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地 enthusiasm n

15、热情；热忱)be enthusiastic about(doing)sth 对(做)某事热情lack/be full of enthusiasm缺乏/充满热情with enthusiasm(enthusiastically)热情地(1)He is selfish and bad-tempered and thus，he will never be enthusiastic about helping those in trouble.(2)我不仅充满热情而且容易相处，这使得我能胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。(申请信之个人优势)I am not only full of enthusiasm b

16、ut also easy to get along/on with，which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper.(3)尽管失败了几次，伯纳德和约翰仍然热情地做爆米花。(2020新高考全国，读后续写)Bernard and John still made popcorn enthusiastically/with enthusiasm in spite of several failures. aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)board vt.& vi.上船(

17、或火车、飞机、公共汽车等) n木板；董事会；伙食 broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的 abroad adv.在/到国外；在/到海外go aboard上船(飞机、火车等)on board 在船(火车、飞机等)上go abroad出国(1)他身材高大，肩膀宽阔，留着胡子，总是满面笑容。(读后续写之外貌描写)He is tall with broad shoulders and a beard and always wears a broad smile.(2)得知你将去国外深造，我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。(应用文写作之告知信)Learning that you will go abroad

18、for further study，Im writing to inform you of some necessary dos and donts.(3)这对年轻夫妇一上船，他们就吃东西、说话、大笑，好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。The instant the young couple went aboard the ship，they were eating，talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.(aboard)The instant the young couple boarded

19、the ship，they were eating，talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.(board) envy n& vt.羡慕；妒忌(envious adj.忌妒的；羡慕的)with envy羡慕地；忌妒地green with envy忌妒地眼红；十分羡慕/忌妒envy sb (doing) sth 羡慕/妒忌某人(做)某事be envious of羡慕；妒忌(1)He said with envy，“I am envious(envy) of you，because you ar

20、e leading such a cosy and decent life.”(2)老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。Honestly speaking，I do envy you getting the title of the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example.(3)李明不仅学得快，而且善于用逻辑思维解决难题，我十分羡慕。Not only is Li Ming quick at learning but also he is good at solving tough problems with

21、logical mind.I am green with envy. abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 n放任；放纵(abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的)abandon oneself to (doing) sth 沉湎于(做)某事；纵情于(做)某事abandon doing sth 放弃做某事be abandoned to (doing) sth 沉湎于(做)某事(1)He abandoned asking(ask) for his guidance，which was beyond our expectations.(2)I abandoned myself to comp

22、uter games.I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.Abandoning myself to computer games，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)Abandoned to computer games，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.(用过去分词短语作状语改写) resolve vi.& vt.决定；

23、决心；解决(问题或困难) n决心；坚定的信念(resolution n决议；解决；坚定)resolve to do sth 决定做某事(1)The steward made a resolution(resolve) to visit his relatives more often.(2)文化遗产代表我们祖先的智慧，因此我们国家已经决定不遗余力地保护它们。(话题写作之文化遗产与保护)Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors，so our country has resolved to spare no effort to pr

24、otect them.(3)为了解决冲突，我们应该学会多沟通，设身处地为他人着想。(话题写作之人际沟通)To resolve conflicts，we should learn to communicate more and put ourselves in others place. as.as. How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees！我怎么能变得像托马斯奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！as.as.意为“和一样”，表示同级比较。其中第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词或介词。其基本用法为：asadj.

25、/adv.as.，还有如下用法：否定式：not as/soadj./adv.as.倍数asadj./adv.as.as much/many名词as.(1)他和我一样勤奋，因此，他已取得了和我一样多的进步。He is as hard-working as me，so he has made as much progress as me.(2)我们投入的时间和精力是其他同学的两倍，所以我深信老师们会高度评价我们的项目。(2022浙江1月，读后续写)We devoted twice as much time and energy as other students did，so I was grea

26、tly convinced that our project would be highly thought of by our teachers.(3)在我看来，这本书没有你认为的那么有趣。As far as I am concerned，the book is not as/so interesting as you think. if引导的虚拟条件句If it werent for sea animals，we would all starve.要是没有海洋生物，我们都得挨饿。本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用如下：与现在事实相反，从句

27、谓语动词用过去式(be动词一般用were)，主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/might动词原形”。与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had过去分词”，主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/mighthave过去分词”。与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式、were to do或should do，主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/might动词原形”。(1)受邀在这里发表演讲我倍感荣幸。今天我的演讲主题是“如果我是一名环卫工人”。如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市更干净，让街上没有任何垃圾。(应用文写作之演讲稿)I feel hono

28、red to be invited here to deliver a speech.Today the topic of my speech is “If I were a dustman”If I were a dustman，I would make our city cleaner with no rubbish lying on the street.(2)如果他们开车多走几公里，就有可能找到一个更好的宾馆。They might have found a better hotel if they had driven a few more kilometers.(3)如果我明天看到他

29、，我就会告诉他我在昨天举行的比赛中获得了第一名的好消息。If I saw/were to see/should see him tomorrow，I would inform him of the good news that I ranked first in the competition held yesterday.1The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.(2022新高考全国)第二组在教练的指导下每

30、周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。2Fortunately for those in midlife，Levine is finding that even if you havent been an enthusiastic exerciser，getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.(2022新高考全国)莱文发现，对于那些中年人士来说，幸运的是，即使你不是一个热情的运动爱好者，现在保持体型可能有助于改善你老化的心脏。3The one in the new environment should be sympathetic

31、 to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.(2022全国乙)在新环境中的人应该同情你的朋友可能感到被抛弃的事实。4Our findings suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head，it is not a result of egocentrism.(2022全国乙)我们的研究结果表明，当一个孩子用毯子盖住她的头来“隐藏”时，这不是自我中心主义的结果。5The adorable female calf is the second black rhino

32、born this year at the reserve，but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.(2021全国甲)这只可爱的雌性小犀牛是今年在该保护区出生的第二只黑犀牛，但现在判断这些小犀牛是否会被送回野生保护区还为时过早。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇.一词多义练/熟词生义练清除阅读障碍1roughA.汹涌的；风浪很大的B.崎岖的C.粗略的 D.艰难的E.粗鲁的(1)I cant tolerate

33、 sailing in rough sea. A (2)According to a rough estimate，about fifty seals starve to death annually. C (3)I dont know how to release the pressure in such a rough time. D (4)The ice on the rough road has melted and it is safe to drive on it now. B (5)He is such a rough child that he doesnt behave hi

34、mself. E 2快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)To my sadness，my son was abandoned to smoking and drinking.沉湎于(2)She was sincere and genuine in her wish to make up for her former mistakes.真诚的(3)Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.洗涤槽，水槽.核心知识强化练巩固语言知识1My heart sank/sunk(s

35、ink) when I was informed that my moderate reforms ended up in failure.2When I submitted the regulations I designed to my boss，he turned me down immediately.3.Dozens of workers are qualified(qualify) for their jobs in the international firm.4Our monitor is enthusiastic about creating a harmonious cam

36、pus and he often launches some campaigns to promote it.5These policies will be abandoned(abandon) because of financial problems next year.6We have resolved to reduce(reduce) our carbon footprint by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.7Fortunately(fortunate)，I succeeded in

37、 seizing this precious chance to be a volunteer in the activity.8I promise that I will be loyal to the enterprise and I will never quit my job.9Riding bicycles benefits the environmental conservation because they wont give off waste gases.10The enterprises have thoroughly(thorough) implemented what

38、they have promised to the public.单句写作应用文增分练话题写作之人际交往1以下是我最近一直在经历的事情。(全部倒装)Below is what I have been experiencing recently.2我一直和我的同学相处得不好，我不知道如何和他们一样热情地交流。(as.as.)I have been getting on/along badly with my classmates and I dont know how to communicate as enthusiastically as they do.3在我的老师们帮助我之前，我一直茫然

39、失措。(before引导的时间状语从句)Before my teachers helped me，I had been at a loss.4我亲爱的老师们一直告诉我：“只要你足够自信，抓住每个和别人聊天的机会，你就可以改变这种情况。”(as long as)My dear teachers kept telling me，“As long as you are confident enough and grasp every chance to chat with others，you can transform the situation.”5如果老师们没有帮助我，我就不会和我的同学们做朋

40、友。(if引导的虚拟条件句)If the teachers hadnt given me a hand，I wouldnt have made friends with my classmates.微型写作续写提能练教材续写语料1情感描写cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的miserably adv.痛苦地good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的bitterly adv.伤心地；愤恨地；极其enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心

41、的envy n& vt.羡慕；妒忌envious adj.忌妒的；羡慕的selfish adj.自私的cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的commitment n承诺；保证；奉献committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的2动作描写sink vi.沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；遗弃bark vi.& n(狗)吠叫；吠叫声；厉声质问resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)续写语料运用请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。得知儿子汤姆沉溺于电脑游戏，妈妈的

42、心一沉，接着伤心地哭了起来。接着，她勃然大怒，厉声质问汤姆，“你一直都是一个如此好脾气、真诚、热情、忠诚的孩子，其他人都羡慕你。”汤姆痛苦地抽泣道：“我不知道如何解决上次考试完全失败的问题。”听到这里，妈妈冲向汤姆，把他揽入怀中，拍着他的后背，喃喃细语道：“只要你致力于学习你会取得更大进步的。”Learning that her son，Tom，was abandoned to computer games，the mothers heart sank and then wept bitterly.Then，she exploded with anger and barked question

43、s at Tom，“You are always such a good-tempered，genuine，enthusiastic and loyal boy that others envy you.” Tom sobbed miserably，“I dont know how to resolve the complete failure in the last exam.” Hearing this，the mother hurried to Tom，gathered him into her arms and patted him on the back，murmuring，“As long as you are committed to your study，you can make much more progress.”