2024年高考英语一轮复习(新人教版) 第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第一册 Unit 5 Languages Around the World.docx
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1、.认阅读单词1billion n十亿2bone n骨头;骨(质)3shell n壳;壳状物4carve vt.& vi.雕刻5dynasty n王朝;朝代6dialect n地方话;方言7tongue n舌头;语言8semester n学期9petrol n(NAmE gas)汽油10pants npl.(BrE)内裤;短裤;(especially NAmE)裤子.记重点单词1native adj.本地的 n本地人2attitude n态度;看法3system n体系;制度;系统4despite prep.即使;尽管5factor n因素;要素6symbol n符号;象征7means n方式;
2、方法;途径8classic adj.传统的;最优秀的;典型的 n经典作品;名著9regard n尊重;关注 vt.把视为;看待10character n文字;符号;角色;品质;特点11calligraphy n书法;书法艺术12affair n公共事务;事件;关系13struggle n& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗14subway n(BrE underground)地铁15apartment n(especially NAmE)公寓套房16gap n间隔;开口;差距17vocabulary n词汇.知拓展单词1reference n指称关系;参考refer vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;
3、叫求助于2based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以为重要部分(或特征)的base vt.以为基础 n底部;根据basis n基础basic adj.基础的3variety n(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化vary v变化;不同various adj.各种各样的4major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修;专门研究majority n大多数5global adj.全球的;全世界的globe n地球;地球仪6appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi.增值appreciation n感激;欣赏appreciative adj.感激的7speci
4、fic adj.特定的;明确的;具体的specifically adv.特定地;明确地8beg vt.恳求;祈求;哀求beggar n乞丐9equal n同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的;同样的equally adv.平等地equality n平等10demand n要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查问demanding adj.要求高的11description n描写(文字);形容describe vt.描述12relate vt.联系;讲述related adj.相关的relation n关系relationship n关系1appeal v对有吸引力;将上诉;呼吁2appeti
5、te n食欲;嗜好3approach vt.& vi.接近;靠近 n方法4appropriate adj.适当的;恰当的5approve vt.批准;通过 vi.赞成6approximately adv.大约7arbitrary adj.任意的;武断的8assess vt.评定;估价.背核心短语1refer to指的是;描述;提到;查阅2ups and downs浮沉;兴衰;荣辱3date back (to.)追溯到4point of view观点;看法5relate to与相关;涉及;谈到6be known for因为而著名7at the beginning起初8lead to导致9play
6、 a role in在中发挥作用10have trouble with在方面有困难11get used to (doing) sth习惯于(做)某事12depend on依靠,依赖.悟经典句式1There are many reasons why this has been possible,but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.(why引导的定语从句)这之所以成为可能有很多原因,其中一个主要因素是汉字的书写体系。2Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major st
7、ates into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.(where引导的定语从句)秦始皇统一七个诸侯国后,在这个统一的国家里,汉字书写体系开始朝着一个方向发展。3That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.(be of抽象名词)那种书写体系在凝聚中华民族和中华文化方面具有重要意义。4Even today,no matter whe
8、re Chinese people live or what dialect they speak,they can all still communicate in writing.(“no matter疑问词”引导的状语从句)即使在今天,不论住在哪里,也不论说何种方言,中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。5Written Chinese has also become an important means by which Chinas present is connected with its past.(“介词which”引导的定语从句)汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。6
9、As China plays a greater role in global affairs,an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate Chinas culture and history through this amazing language.(as引导的时间状语从句)随着中国在全球事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色,越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文,然后核对答案并背诵该短文。When 1.referri
10、ng to English,we know English is widely used in global affairs.No matter what kind of English people are speaking,native speakers have no trouble understanding the words like “gas”,“petrol”,“subway”,“apartment”,“pants”,“semester” and other words 2.despite the small differences in vocabulary.But stud
11、ents whose mother tongue is not English are struggling with billions of words.On the other hand,from foreigners points of view,Chinese is regarded as a 3.demanding language.Firstly,the major language which is called Pu Tong Hua in China is hard enough to learn,let alone 4.varieties of dialects.Secon
12、dly,Chinese characters are abstract symbols for them.The writing system,5.dating back to the Shang Dynasty when people carved something with 6.specific meanings on bones or shells,is like strange pictures.However,based on the common 7.appreciation of these characters,some classic works are still rea
13、d now and by this means we can know more about the ups and downs in ancient times.Besides,calligraphy is also an art form closely 8.related to Chinese culture.I beg all the people hold a positive attitude to both languages,which are of equal importance.To bridge the gap between cultures,by no means
14、should we give up learning them well.提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 refer vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;叫求助于(reference n提及,涉及;参考;参考书目)refer to指的是;描述;提到;查阅refer.to.把提交给;让(人)参考refer to.as.把称作in/with reference to sb/sth 关于reference books/material参考书/参考资料(1)He referred to the system that was related to the welfare of billions o
15、f people at the conference.(2)They always refer to me as a bookworm because I am always addicted to a variety of books.(3)我写信寻求您的关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的建议。(2021全国甲,书面表达)I am writing to ask for your advice in/with reference to what kinds of traditional Chinese cultures appeal to foreigners most.(4)如果你遇到了
16、不认识的字,我强烈建议你查阅参考书或者向他人求助。(应用文写作之建议信)If you meet with the characters you dont know,I strongly suggest that you (should) refer to reference books or turn to others for help. base vt.以为据点;以为基础 n底部;根据(basic adj.基本的;基础的 basis n基础)base.on/upon.把建立在的基础上be based on/upon.以为基础on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期on
17、the basis of在的基础上(1)On the basis(base) of what you show,I firmly believe that you can be qualified for the position.(2)队员们需要每天放学后接受训练,他们也有机会定期观摩乒乓球赛。Team members need to receive training after school every day and they are also offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions on a regular ba
18、sis.(3)我写信告知你一些基本的餐桌礼仪。基于中国的传统风俗,你应该先让长者用餐。(应用文写作之告知信)I am writing to inform you of some basic table manners.Based on traditional Chinese customs,you should let the elderly eat first. major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 vi.主修,专门研究 n主修课程;主修学生(majority n大部分;大多数)major in主修an English major一个英语专业的学生a/the majority of大多数
19、in a/the majority占大多数(1)Inspired by the beauty of Chinese characters,I will major in calligraphy at university in the future.(2)有些人中途放弃了,但是大部分参赛者都成功跑到了终点。(2020新高考全国,应用文写作)Some people gave up halfway,but the majority of the participants made it to the finishing line.(3)为我投票的人占大多数,因此我被选为学生会主席。Those wh
20、o have voted for me are in the/a majority,so I am elected as chairman of the Student Association. means n方法;方式;途径a means of一种的方法(means的单复数同形)by all means可以;当然行;没问题by means of借助手段;依靠方法by no means绝不,无论如何也不,一点都不(置于句首时,句子要部分倒装)(1)Watching films was regarded as a means of entertainment when we were young
21、.(2)Ancient people recorded what had happened by means of carving varieties of symbols with specific meanings onto shells or bones.(3)Every means has been tried(try) so far,but we still cant solve the problem.(4)没有Paul的好心帮忙,Mac绝不会赤手空拳把狼吓跑。Mac could by no means scare the wolf off/away with bare hands
22、 without the help of kind-hearted Paul.By no means could Mac scare the wolf off/away with bare hands without the help of kind-hearted Paul.(用倒装句改写) appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi.增值(appreciation n欣赏;感激)appreciate (ones) doing sth 喜欢/感激(某人)做某事I would appreciate it if.如果我将不胜感激。(1)如果您能尽早回复我,我将非常感激。(应用文写作
23、之结尾句)I would really appreciate your replying to me at your earliest convenience.(appreciate ones doing)I would really appreciate it if you could reply to me at your earliest convenience.(appreciate it if.)(2)我写信表达我对你的感激之情,感谢我在伦敦逗留期间你为我所做的一切。(应用文写作之感谢信)Im writing to express my appreciation for what y
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