Unit+5+知识点梳理 人教版英语八年级上册.docx

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1、Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?你想看游戏类节目吗? 人教版八年级上册英语知识点梳理Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?你想看游戏类节目吗?词汇梳理meaningless(adj.毫无意义的)-meaningful(adj.有意义的)appear(v.出现)-disappear(v.消失)-appearance(n.出现)lose(v.失去)-lost(过去式）（adj.失去的,迷路的)successful(adj. 获得成功的)-successfully(adv.成功地)-success(n.成功)-

2、succeed(v. 成功)unlucky(adj.不幸的;不吉利的)-lucky(adj.幸运的)-unluckily(adv.不幸地)-luckily(adv.幸运地)become(v.开始变得;变成)-(过去式)became stand(v.站立;忍受)-(过去式)stood短语归纳12学科网（北京）股份有限公司think of 认为;想起talk show 访谈节目find out 查明;弄清in class 在课堂上one day 有朝一日;某一天learn.from.从.中吸取教训 a pair of 一双;一对in the 1930s在20世纪30年代come out 出现;出版

3、;开花;为人所知around the world 世界各地do a good job 干得好dress up 装扮;乔装打扮dress up like/as 装扮成.plan to do sth.计划/打算做某事let sb.do sth.让某人做某事a symbol of.的象征mind doing sth.介意做某事see sb.do sth.看见某人做某事be ready to do sth.准备好做某事hope to do sth.希望做某事expect to do sth.期望做某事.one of the +可数名词复数try ones best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做

4、某事take sb.s place =take the place of sb.代替;替换语法精讲考向（1）动词不定式作宾语1.Do you want to watch a game show?你想看游戏类节目吗?(教材 P33 标题)2.I hope to be a TV reporter one day.我希望有一天能成为一名电视台记者。(教材 P34 2d)3What can 3.You expect to learn from sitcoms?你期望从情景喜剧中学到什么?(教材P35 Grammar Focus)【语法概述】动词不定式(肯定结构:to+动词原形;否定结构:not +to

5、+动词原形)是一种非谓语形式,在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、表语等。后接动词不定式作宾语的常用动词要求 选择和同意(ask,choose,agree)期望、决定和学习(expect,decide,learn)宁可、假装和计划(prefer,pretend,plan)希望、想要和愿意(wish,hope, want, would like)例：1.We chose to go there by train.我们选择了乘火车去那里。2.Hes learning to dance.他正在学跳舞。3.I decide to forgive her because everyone ma

6、kes mistakes in life.我决定原谅她,因为每个人在生活中都会犯错。典例(2018德阳中考)-What are you going to do tonight?-I plan_Days of Our Past.A. watch B. watching C.to watch D.watched解析:你打算今晚干什么?我打算看我们过去的日子。 plan to do sth.意为打算做某事,为固定结构,故选 C。【拓展延伸】有些动词后既可接动词不定式作宾语也可接动词-ing 作宾语,但两者的意思大不相同。stop to do sth.停下来去做某事Lets stop to help

7、the old man.我们停下来帮助这位老人吧。stop doing sth.停止做某事The bell rang and students stopped talking.铃响了,学生们停止谈话。remember doing sth记得做过某事I remember posting your letters.我记得寄出了你的信。remember to do sth.记得要做某事Please remember to post theletters. 请记得寄这几封信。forget to do sth.忘记要做某事I forgot to go to the post office.我忘了去邮局。

8、forget doing sth.忘记做过某事I forgot going to the post office我忘了去过邮局了。mean to do sth.打算做某事What do you mean to do? 你打算做什么?mean doing sth.意味着做某事His words mean refusing us.b的话意味着拒绝我们。典例2(2018黔南州中考)Please stop_and go out for a walk. Remember_ warm clothes.A. to study; wearing B. studying; to wearC. to study;

9、 to wear D. studying; wearing解析:请停止学习,去外面散一下步 记得穿上暖和的衣服。stop doing sth.停止做某事;stop to do sth.停下来去做某事;remember doing sth记得做过某事 ;remember to do sth.记得去做某事根据句意可知选B。考向(2)特殊疑问词 + 不定式”作宾语decide, know, ask, show, teach, guess, find out等动词(短语)后可接特殊疑问词 + 不定式作宾语,常见的疑问代词有 who,whom,what, which whose,常见的疑问副词有 whe

10、n,where, how。We must know what to do next. 我们必须知道下一步该做什么。He hasnt decided where to go for the summer vacation.他还没决定暑假去哪儿。划重点how 和 what 加不定式作宾语的情况:在 how to do sth.(名词/代词)中,do 后必须带宾语;在 what to do中,what 直接作 do 的宾语考向3 it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语动词后接不定式作宾语,且宾语补足语是形词时,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语(动词定式)放在句尾。常见的有此用法的动词有:find,

11、 make, think, believe, consider 等。I find it difficult to do the job well.我发现做好工作很困难。【小测】用括号中所给词的适当形式填空1.We have planned_( make) a school radio program.2. Please remember_( post ) the letter for the old man.5. She thinks it hard_( learn ) math well.单项选择1.-American actor, was always expecting_an Oscar

12、 and finally he made it.A. to win B. winning C. not to win D. not winning2.-(临沂中考) Cindys grandmother is learning _the new mobile phone.A. use B. uses C. used D. to use3.-Sam,dont forget_ the book to the library tomorrow.-0K, I wont.A. return B. returning C. returned D.to return4-There isnt any diff

13、erence between the two. I really dont know_.A. where to choose B. which to chooseC. to choose what D. to choose which课本重点知识点复习What do you think of talk shows?你认为访谈节目怎么样?(教材 P33)show n.节目;表演;展览【用法】在此处作可数名词on show意为“在展出”.Im worried about tomorrows talent show.我担心明天的才艺表演。 【拓展】show 作动词,意为“展示;出示;带领其相关短语如

14、下:show sth.to sb.=show sb.sth.某人展示某物show sb.around/round.带领某人参观.show off炫耀show up 出现;露面Could you please show your photos to me?=Could you please show me your photos?请问你能让我看一下你的照片吗?Would you show me around your school?你可以带我参观一下你的学校吗?Theres nothing to show off.没什么好炫耀的。考例 2022 四川广元中考-Can you show your

15、new book to_?-0K. Here you are.A.I B.me C. my D. mine解析:-你能给我看看你的新书吗?-好的 给你。show sth.to sb.意为“向某人展示某物”,介词 to 之后应接人称代词宾格。答案BWhat do you think of.? 你认为.怎么样?【用法】“What do you think of.?”的同义句为“How do you like.?该句型常用来询问对方的意见或看法。What do you think of this kind of app?你认为这款应用程序怎么样?【拓展】“What do you think of.?

16、的常见答语:I dont mind it/them. 我不介意它/它们。I cant stand it/them. 我受不了它/它们。I like/love it/ them very much.我非常喜欢它/它们。On November 18, 1978, Mickey became the first cartoon character to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.在 1978年11 月18日,米奇成为在好莱坞星光大道上拥有一颗星星的第一个卡通角色。(教材 P37 2b)表语主语【句式剖析】On November 18, 197

17、8, Mickey became the first cartoon character时间状语 系动词to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.不定式短语作后置定语,修饰the first cartoon character【用法】动词不定式(短语)作后置定语动词不定式(短语)作定语修饰名词时,通常放在名词的后面,作后置定语。Its your turn to clean theclassroom.轮到你打扫教室了。I like to follow the story and see what happens next.我喜欢跟随故事情节了解接下

18、来发生的事情。(教材 P34)happen v.发生;出现【用法】happen是不及物动词,常指意外地发生,其主语往往是表示事件、事故的名词或代词。表示“某人发生某事”时用sth happens/ happened to sb.结构。happen to do sth.表示碰巧做某事”I happened to see him on the street.我碰巧在街上看见了他。【辨析】happen与take placehappen意为“发生”,指预想不到或出乎意料的事情发生,带有偶然性,常与to 连用,不能用于被动语态take place意为“发生;举行”,多指举行活动,指事先计划或预想到的事情

19、发生,带有必然性,不能用于被动语态The accident happened yesterday.事故发生在昨天。The meeting took place at 8:00 as planned.会议按计划在8点举行。Because I hope to find out whats going around the wold.因为我希望弄清世界!在发生的事情。(教材 P34)hope v.&n.希望【用法】 hope 用于表示实现的可能性很大的希望,其后可接动词不定式或 that 引导的从句。I hope to finish my homework before 6:00我希望在六点前完成我

20、的家庭作业。I hope that you can come to meet my family.我希望你能来见见我的家人。【拓展】“I hope so.”意为“我希望是这样的,“I hope not.”意为“我希望不是这样。”这两个句子常用于表示希望某事(不)发生或(不)是真的。Do you think well win the match?你认为我们会赢得这场比赛吗?I hope so.我希望如此。【重点】：hope 不可用于 hope sb.to do sth.这个结构find out 弄清;查明lets find out the truth of the accident.让我们来查明

21、这场事故的真相。【辨析】find与find outfind：意为“找到;发现”,多强调寻找的结果。find out：意为“查明;弄清”,通常指经过番努力(研究或询问)后查明或弄清某事。例：Mr. Li found his lost keys in the library.李老师在图书馆里找到了他丢失的钥匙I will try to find out who broke the window我会尽力查出是谁打破了窗户。We had a discussion about TV shows.我们进行了一次关于电视节目的讨论。(教材 P34)discussion n.讨论;商量【用法】 discuss

22、ion 为可数名词,其动词形式是discuss。discussion 的常用短语为:(1) have a discussion about /on sth.就某事展开讨论They have just had a discussion about whereto spend their holidays.他们刚讨论过到什么地方度假。(2) have a discussion with sb.和某人讨论We have a discussion with foreign teachers我们和外教们展开讨论。考例 2022 江苏镇江中考After a heated(讨论)_,the headmast

23、ers from different schools reached an agreement.答案:discussionmeaningless/mininles/ adj. 毫无意义的;意思不明确的(教材P361a)【用法】 meaningless 由meaning(n.意思)+-less(形容词后缀)构成,反义词为 meaningful有意义的。She thinks that sentence is meaningless. 她认为那个句子是毫无意义的。This article is meaningless to me.对我来说,这篇文章晦涩难懂。【拓展延伸】（1）mean 的相关词:me

24、an v.意思是 meaning n.意思,意义meaningless adj.毫无意义的 meaningful adj.有意义的I know your meaning.You mean that staying at home all day long is meaningless and that looking for a job is meaningful.我懂你的意思。你的意思是整天待在家里毫无意义,找一份工作才是有意义的。（2）-less 是常见的形容词后缓,常加在名词后,表示无;没有。如:homeless(无家可归的), hopeless(无望的),careless(粗心的)。例

25、题：-I dont like soap operas because I think they are_( meaning ).解析:我不喜欢肥皂剧,因为我认为它们是毫无意义的。meaning 是名词,意为意思,意义,根据句意可知,此处表示肥皂剧是没有意义的。故填形容词 meaningless。Over 80 years ago , he first appeared in thecartoon Steamboat Willie.80 多年前，他首次出现在卡通片威利号汽船中。(教材P37 2b )appear v. 出现A bus appeared around the corner.一辆公共

26、汽车出现在拐角处。【拓展延伸】与 appear 相关的词汇:名词 appearv.出现 反义词disappear.消失 appearance n.出现 反义词disappearance n.消失The plane disappeared behind a cloud.飞机消失在云层里。His sudden appearance surprised me.他的突然出现使我感到惊讶。典例:(2018临沂中考)We should protect the endangered wild animals, or they will_(appear) in the near future.解析:我们应该保

27、护濒临灭绝的野生动物,否则它们将在不久的将来消失。appear 意为出现此处应填其反义词 disappear(消失)。When this cartoon came out in New York onNovember 18,1928.当这部卡通片于 1928年 11 月18 日在纽约上映时.(教材 P37 2b)【用法】come out 出版;发行The final versions of the textbooks came out at the end of December.课本的最终版本于 12 月底出版。(选自 2018 荆门中考阅读理解D篇)【拓展】come out 的其他常见含义

28、:出现，露出 The rain stopped and the sun came out.雨停后太阳出来了。come out 盛开;开花 The flowers came out early this year. 今年这些花开得早。为人所知There is no doubt that the truth will come out one day毫无疑问,总有一天会真相大白。典例4(天津中考)The book wont_ until the end of the year.A.come out C. come true B. come over D.come on解析:这本书到年底才会出版。c

29、ome out出版; come over拜访;come true实现; come on快点儿,加油。故选 A。He became very rich and successful.他变得非常富有和成功。(教材 P37 2b) _becomev. 开始变得;变成【用法】become 在此处作系动词,后接名词、形容词等作表语,表示一种变化。其过去式为 became。As long as everyone contributes a little, the world will become a much better place.只要人人做出一点贡献,世界就会变成一个更好的地方。(选自2018 宁

30、波中考阅读理解 A 篇)The weather became warmer. 天气变暖和了。rich adj.富有的【用法】rich 作形容词,在此处意为富有的其反义词为 poor贫穷的。the rich 表示有钱人其作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。She comes from a rich family. 她来自一个富裕的家庭。The rich are not always happy.有钱人并不总是快乐的。【拓展延伸】rich 的常用含义还有:丰富多彩的：Our country has a very rich history.我们国家有非常灿烂的历史。肥沃的：Vegetables grow

31、well in the rich soil.蔬菜在肥沃的土地里长得好。油腻的：Eating rich food makes people fat easily.吃油腻的食物很容易让人长胖。successful adj.获得成功的:成就的【用法】successful 作形容词,由 sucess(n)+-ful(形容词后缀)构成She is a successful dancer. 她是一个成功的舞蹈家。【拓展延伸】与 successful 相关的词汇:succeed v.成功 success n.成功successful adj.获得成功的 successfully adv.成功地succeed

32、 in doing sthConfidence is the key to success.信心是成功的关键。Youll succeed in learning all kinds of interesting things.你成功做某事。会学到各种有趣的东西。He successfully got a masters degree.他成功获得士学位。She dresses up like a boy and takes herfathers place to fight in the army.她女扮男装替父从军打仗。(教材P39 3a)dress up 装扮;乔装打扮【用法】dress u

33、p 常与介词 like 或 as 连用,后接表表示角色或职业等的名词。I think its fun to dress up like/as acharacter.我觉得装扮成卡通人物很好玩。（装扮成-）【拓展】(1)dress up还可表示穿上盛装;穿上正装。You dont need to dress up for dinner. 你们不心盛装赴宴。（2) dress 作动词,意为穿衣服;给 .穿衣服dress sb.给某人穿衣服dress oneself 给自己穿衣服I dressed my sister and washed her face.我给我妹穿衣服并给她洗脸。Kangkang

34、 is old enough to dress himself.康康足大了,可以自己穿衣服。典例7(2018福建中考 A 卷)I want to_like a superhero and help the homeless.A. get up B. dress up C. look up解析:我想装扮成超级英雄,帮助那些无家可归的人。get up起床 ;dress up装扮 ;look up查阅。故选B。take sb.s place 代替【用法】相当于 take the place of sb.The boss found someone to take Jennys place. = The boss found someone to take the place of Jenny.老板找了个人来替珍妮。【拓展】in sb.s place 意为站在某人的立场上,相当于 in sb.s shoes。What would you do if you were in my place? = What would you do if you were in my shoes?假如站在我的立场上,你会怎么办?