Unit4+词汇、短语、语法知识点梳理及拓展 人教版英语八年级下册.docx

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1、英语张老师专用讲义八下unit 4知识点及拓展一、 词汇拓展1. wrong (adj.) _(反义词，正确的)2. relation (n.) _ (n. 关系)3. communicate (v.) _ (n. 交流)4. argue (v.) _ (n. 争论，争吵)5. cloud (n.) _ (adj. 多云的)6. old (adj.) _ (adj. 年纪较长的)7. offer (v.) _ (近义词)8. proper (adj.) _ (adv. 合理地) _（不合理的，不合适的）9. secondly (adv.) _ (adj. 第二) _ (n. 秒)10. exp

2、lain (v.) _ (n. 解释)11. pressure (n.) _ (n. 近义词) _ (v. 按，压)12. compete (v.) _ (n. 比赛) _ (n. 竞争者) _ (adj. 有竞争力的)13. opinion (n.) _ (近义词)14. skill (n.) _ (adj 熟练的)15. typical (adj.) _ (adv. 典型地)16. quick (adj.) _ (adv. 快) _ (近义词)17. push (v.) _ (反义词)18. development (n.) (v.) adj adj19. usual (adj.) (ad

3、v. 通常) (反义词，adj. 不寻常的)20. perhaps (adv.) (近义词)21.clear adj. (adv. 清晰地，明显地) （adj.不清楚的，不确定的）22.normal adj. _adv. _(反义词)-用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Though it was raining, they continued (work) in the field.2. None of them took part in yesterdays English speech (compete).3. I had an (usual) experience last night.

4、I couldnt believe it at all.4. The man is a (skill) worker and we should learn from him. 5. Lets book the window seats so that we may see then night sky more (clear).6. I will not take this bag. Firstly, it is expensive, and (second), its not of good quality.7. Eric and Frank stopped (argue) when th

5、ey saw the teacher coming into the classroom.8. We dont have any free time (do) the thing we like.9. (what) I do, my parents always encourage me to get out of difficulties.10. We made an important (decide) at the end of the meeting.11. Its not right (copy) others homework.12. When people have differ

6、ent ideas, (argue) is of no use.13. Although the internet makes our life easier, it sometimes (cause) trouble to us.14. Good (communicate) is important for business (业务).15. I tried (pull) one hand free and finally managed (break) the ropes.16. We must be proud of being a Chinese to see the great (d

7、evelop) of our country.17. I dont see any (relate) between the two problems.18. Though Jack is young, he can play the violin as well as his (old) brother.19. As teenagers, we should manage our time (proper) and never put off todays work till tomorrow.20. Mothers send their small kids to all kinds of

8、 classes. And they are always (compare) them with other children.二、 短语复习1. 有空闲时间 _ 2. 允许人做某事 3. 与某人闲逛 4. 课外活动课 _ 5. 与某人吵架/打架 6. 和 比 较 7. 与某人交谈 8. 生某人的气 _ 9. 给某人写信 10. 打电话给某人 12. 令某人惊讶 12. 翻看，浏览 _ 13. 成功地发展；解决 14. 和睦相处；关系良好 _ 15. 主动提出做某事 16. 以便 _ 17. 介意某人做 _ 18. 一直 _ 19. 今后 _ 20. 使某人生气 21. 担心某事 _ 22.

9、进入，走进 _ 23. 给某人施压 24. 与某人吵架 25. 与某人竞争 26. 取得更好的成绩 27. 提出某人的观点 28. 学习应试技巧 29. 体育训练 _ 30. 删除 _ -即时练习1. 在我看来，我们 应该每天打扫我们自己的房间。 , we should clean our own room every day.2. 我爸妈不允许我晚上与朋友出去闲逛。My parents dont me with my friends at night3. 胡老师正在给学生们发新书。Mr. Hu now new books to the students4. 尽管她做得不对，但也没什么了不起的

10、。 shes wrong, its not .5. 关于这件事，你应该向你的老师解释。About the thing, you your teacher.6. 我今天早上上课迟到了，所以老师生我的气了。I was late for class this morning, so the teacher me.7. 由于污染，许多人担心他们的健康。Many people because of the pollution.8. 当我离开家的时候，我总是感到孤独和焦虑。I always feel when I am away from home.9. 如果你的父母遇到问题，你应该主动提供帮助。If y

11、our parents are having problems, you should .10. 很多孩子不喜欢和他们的父母交流。Many children dont like their parents.11. 这个问题太困难了。我认为我们找不到一种新的方法来解决它。This problem is so difficult. I dont think we can find a new way _ _ _ _ .12. 我不得不在学校和同学竞争，因为我的父母总是把我和其他孩子比较。I have to classmates at school because my parents always

12、 _ other children.13. 每个人都喜欢鲍勃，因为他能和其他同学相处得很好。Everybody likes Bob because he can other classmates.14. 花更多的时间在你学习上面，然后你可以取得更好的成绩。Spend more time on your study and you can _ .15. 随着5G技术的发展，我们的日常生活变得越来越方便。 _ 5G technology, our daily lives have become more and more convenient.16. 这两个人过去常常互相争论，以证明谁更强壮。Th

13、e two men each other to prove who is stronger.17. 期末考试即将到来。你应该恰当地计划你的时间，并且你会成功的。The final exam is coming. You should and you will make it.18. 史密斯先生是个残疾人。但在一名志愿者的帮助下，他过着正常的生活。Mr. Smith is a disabled person. But with the help of a volunteer, he .19. 对于孩子来说，没有必要有太多的压力。最好删掉一些课外课程。There is no need for ki

14、ds to have too much pressure. a few after-school lessons. 20. 当你演讲时，你应该说话比平时更大声，以便大家都容易听到你的声音。When you make a speech, you should speak in order to make everyone hear you easily.三、知识详解1. compete v. 比赛_为得到某物与某人竞争 He competed against his best friend for the first prize.【练习】完成句子 梁博在“中国好声音”中获得冠军。 Liang B

15、o was_ _of the Voice of China.2. allow 允许，许可 allow常见用法如下：(1)_. “允许某人做某事” My parents allow me to go out at night.(2) _ “允许做某事”+v_ing The library doesnt allow taking loudly. (3) allow+名词 We cant allow such a thing.【练习】The young should be allowed _(achieve)their dreams on their own. Do you often allow

16、_until 11:00 p.m.?A. to stay up B.stay up C.staying up D.and stay up1. 我的父母不允许我上学的晚上上网。_.2.他们不允在这条街上停车。 _.3. work out产生效果，进展 Things worked out quite well for us.【拓展】 work out “_” He worked out the answer by computing again,but more carefully. Youd better work out a plan to improve your writing skill

17、s.【练习】保持句意基本不变Jessica solved the physics problems without any help.Jessica_ _the physics problems without any help.4. get on with“ 与相处” +sth “进展”=_ Mrs Smith gets on well with her neighbors.表示相处的如何，在with前加well(好）或badly(差）等修饰词。Do you get along well with your classmates?How are you getting on with you

18、r English study?He is getting along well with his classmates.【练习】杰克会和同学们相处得很好。Jack will_his classmates.5. call sb. up打电话给某人 She is busy with her homework .Dont call her up.【拓展】 打电话给某人的不同表达方式 ring sb up give sb a ring/call phone sb make a phone call to sb call sb【练习】改为同义句1） Dont call up Mary. Dont _

19、_ _- _ _-Mary.2） She often calls up her old classmates. She often _- _her old classmates.6. communicate v.交流信息；沟通-communication n.j交流_ 和交流/沟通【练习】找出能代替句中划线部分的一项。People choose to keep in touch with their friends by email .The underlined part means_. A.write B.read C.agree D.communicate 7. argue 争吵，争论

20、argue 作不及物动词，名词形式为_，_ “与某人争论” -I had an argument with my best friend._ 与某人争论，其中argue有“争辩，争论”的意思，常指根据一定的理由想要说服他人。I had an argument with my best friend.Dont argue with your mother.如果表示“为某事与某人争辩”时，常用_Theyre always arguing with each other about money.【辨析】argue与discussargue着重于自己的看法、立场，提出论证说理，以理说服他人。discu

21、ss重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含说服对方的成分。【练习】I never argue _-my parents . A.in B.to C.for D.withDo what you were ordered and dont _me. A.quarrel B.argue C.argue with D.discuss8. instead 代替，顶替【辨析】 instead 与instead of单词/短语词性意义或用法instead副词指舍去_，可_，位于_。instead of 介词（短语）指舍去后面的成分而取前面的成分，不能_- He didnt answer ;instead ,he as

22、ked his father.- We eat noodles instead of rice sometimes.【练习】用instead或instead of填空1. Davewentfishing _goingskating.2. Mybrotherisntgoodatmath. _, heisgoodatEnglish.3. I likereadinginthelibrary _intheclassroom.4. YesterdayJohn _ Mr.Zhanggaveusa talkonAmericanhistory.5. Dave went cycling_going skatin

23、g.6. My brother isnt good at math._,he is good at English.7. Mr. Zhang likes reading newspapers_books. 8. l like reading in the library_in the classroom. 9. offer V.提供；提出，建议 (1)offer “提供”，其后可接双宾语，即_.=_. She offers the old man a cup of tea.=She offers a cup of tea to the old man.(2) offer 还有“提出，建议”的意

24、思，其后接不定式时表示“主动提出做某事” _ He offered to lend me some books.【练习】The little boy _his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus. A.lent B.offered C.took D.brought10. compare v. “比较，和相比”_和.作比较He never compares himself with others.【拓展】_ “把比作”，Life is compared to voyage.People often compare the life to a stage.

25、【练习】My handwriting can not be compared _fathers. A.to B.with C.on D.for11. continue 为动词，“继续”（1） continue作及物动词，“继续（做某事）”+名词、代词、不定式、动名词_=_继续做某事 The meeting will be continued after a break. The young man continued his study after his father died.The rain continued falling /to fall all afternoon.（2）cont

26、inue用在直接引语后，表示“接着说” “I like your country very much,”he continued.【练习】Although we are tired ,we_work. A.continues B.continue to C.continuing D.continued12.cut out剪裁，删去 She is cutting out a coat. You must cut out important details.【练习】He decided to cut_smoking. A.up B.on C.out D.in13.cause的用法 (1)cause

27、用作动词，“使产生，使发生” A burning cigarette caused the fire. What caused his illness?(2) cause有可用作名词，“_” The dog was the cause of the accident.【练习】翻译句子许多车祸都是因为开车不小心造成的。_14. the Taylors【解析】the+姓氏的复数形式表示 “_”，作主语时谓语动词用_。例如： The Taylors are a typical American family. a/an 姓氏单数”表示_。例如：His wife is a Kennedy（a memb

28、er of the Kennedy family）【做一做】 1. The Browns _(be) from New York. 2. John一家人在看电视。The Johns _ now. 3. 史密斯一家人正在吃饭。 The Smiths _ at the dinning hall. 四、 语法串讲1.用could, should提建议 could和should都是情态动词，后接_（1） could和should用于陈述句中的辨析 在陈述句中，could用来_，向对方提供一个选择的内容，“可以，不妨”， should表示_，指按照常理该怎么样，“应该”We could write a

29、letter to the headmaster.我们不妨给校长写封信。We should write a letter to the headmaster.沃恩应该给校长写封信。（2） could和should用语疑问句中的用法 1）在疑问句中，could用于以委婉语气向别人提出要求、建议或劝告，此时could不表示过去，肯定回答用can或sure,否定回答用cant或sorry.Could I have a cup of tea?Yes,you can./Sure.2) 在疑问句中，should只用于主语为第一人称的时候，表示征询意见或建议，语气比could委婉。 Should I ope

30、n the window? OK.【练习】用should或could填空（1） _I take the books out of the room? No,you cant.（2） You_speak English in English class.（3） _you please help me with my Chinese?（4） If you go out at night,you_tell your parents.（5） Im not sure if you _tell her the news.2. Why dont you do?【解析】Why dont you do?是常见的

31、提建议的句型，该句型还可以用来发出礼貌的邀请。 同样表示征求对方意见的句型： _? / _? _? _._ 【做一做】1. -Why not _(wear) a hat? -Good idea.2. -How about _(visit) our teacher? -That sounds good.3. -Lets _(take) the dog for a walk. -Sorry, I cant.4. Would you mind my _(open) the door? -Of course not.5. Would you like _(come) to my party? -Id

32、love to, but1. -Tomorrow will be sunny. How about having a picnic in the park? -_ But I have to prepare for tomorrows exam. A. Id love. B. Id love to. C. Thats right.2. - A new 3D movie is on. Shall we go and see it this weekend? - _! Whats it? A. I must be going now B. You are rightC. Why notD. My

33、pleasure3. -Look! Its raining heavily. _ take a raincoat with you? -Well, Ill take one right now. A. Why not B. Why dont C. Would you mind D. Would you like4. A: Would you like to dance with me? B: . I have too much homework. A. Sorry, I cant.B. Of course not.C. Thats OK.D. Id like to.过 关 检 测(TEST）

34、Time： Score： Name： Marks：_1. His father doesnt allow him swimming alone. A.goesB.to goC.goingD.go2. give him a watch? A.What aboutB.LetsC.Why dontD.Why dont you3. You could save some money you can buy a gift for your mother. A.in order toB.becauseC.soD.so that4. he is very poor, he feels very happy.

35、 A.Although；but B.Although；/ C.Because；so D.Because；/5. I think the result must him very much. A.surpriseB.surprisedC.surprisingD.surprises6. This math question is too difficult. Can you help me ? A.work on itB.work out itC.work it outD.work for it7. He has two sons. They are Jim and Tom. Jim is Toms brother. A.oldB.olderC.elderD.young8. The