Unit+1+必背知识点 人教版英语八年级下册+.docx

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1、八年级下第1单元知识点1. 定语从句定义：定语从句在句子中作定语，修饰一个名词或者代词，被修饰的名词或者代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引出：who、whom、whose、that、which、when、why、where等。用法：A. 当先行词与人有关时，引导词可以用关系代词：who（作从句主语），that（作从句的宾语、主语），whom（作从句的宾语），whose。*He is the man who/that can control everything made of iron。“他是那个能控制一切由铁制成的男人。”（who/that在从句中作主语。）*

2、He is the man whom/that I want to visit in the future.“他是我未来想要拜访的人。”（whom/that 在从句中作visit的宾语。）*He helped the man whose car is super cool.“他帮助了一个拥有超酷的车的人。”B. 当先行词与物有关时，引导词可以用关系代词that、which。*A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.“农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。”（which/that 在从句中作主

3、语。）*The package （which/that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.“你拿的包裹快散了。”（which/that在从句中作宾语。）C. 当先行词表示地点时，引导词用关系副词where/介词+which。 Eg：I like this city where（in which） I have stayed for more than ten years.“我喜欢这了我已经呆了十年以上的城市。”D. 当先行词表示时间时，引导词用关系副词when/介词+which。 Eg：there are occasions when （o

4、n which）one have to yield. “任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。”E. 当先行词表示原因时，引导词用关系副词why/介词+which。The reason why he doesnt want to study is confusing.“他不想学习的原因令人困惑。”F. that 可以在表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后面取代关系副词when、where、why和“介词+which”。在口语中that常被省略。 Eg：His father died the year（when/that/in which）he was born.“他父亲在他出生那一年逝世了。”只用that

5、 的情况：A. 当先行词本身为all、few、little、much、none、some、any、something等不定代词修饰时，关系代词通常用that，不用which。B. 当先行词被all、every、no、little、few、one、the only、the very、the last、the same等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。C. 当先行词被the+序数词修饰或形容词的最高级修饰时，关系代词通常用that、不用which。D. 当先行词即指人又指物时，通常用that，不用which。E. 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。F. 当

6、主句中有who或which时，为避免重复，通常用that。G. 当先行词在主句中做表语或关系代词在从句中做表语时，通常用that，不用which。不能用that的情况：A.非限制性定语从句中只用which或as B.介词前置时 C.先行词本身时that时。2. 询问某人身体状况 whats the matter/trouble（with sb）？= whats up/wrong（with sb）？“某人怎么啦？” Be动词 +主语+OK？“某人还好吗？” Is there anything wrong（with sb）？“有什么问题吗？” What happen （to sb）？“（某人）发生

7、了什么？”3. 回答身体状况 Sb+have+a/an sore+身体部位. Sb+ have a/an +身体部位+ache. Sb hurt +身体部位+反身代词. 身体部位+hurt. Sb have a pain in ones +身体部位. Something is wrong with ones +身体部位. There is something wrong with ones +身体部位.4. talk（v）谈论talk about “谈论”；talk with/ to sb “与交谈/聊天”；have a talk “谈一谈”Eg： Lets talk about everyo

8、nes preferences. “让我们来谈谈每个人的偏好。” I want to talk with my best friend everyday. “我每天都想要和我的朋友聊天” Lets have a talk.“让我们谈一谈”5. hand （n）手 hands up“举手”；hand in“上交”：hand out“分发”；hand in hand“手拉手。”6. foot（n）脚 go to sp on foot= walk to sp“步行去某地”； at the foot of“在的脚下”7. back（n）背部；背面；后面 at the back of“在的背面/背后”8

9、. enough（adj/adv）足够的，充足的；足够地，充足地 enough “足够的，充足的” 作形容词时放在名词前面，例如：I have enough water.“我有足够的水。”作副词“足够地，充分地”时放在后面，例如：good enough。Sthenough （for sb）to do sth “某事物对于（某人）做某事来说是足够的。”常与sothat 和tooto做同义句互换。Eg：The box is light enough for me to carry it.“这个盒子对于我搬动它来说足够轻。”= The box is so light that I can carry

10、 it.“这个盒子如此轻以致于我能搬动它。”The box is not light enough for me to carry it.“这个盒子对于我搬动它来说不够轻。”= The box is too heavy for me to carry it.“这个盒子太重了以致于我不能搬动它。”9. lie （v）躺；位于 lie down“躺下” （v）说谎 lie to sb“对某人说谎” （n）谎言 tell a lie= tell lies“说谎”10. see a dentist“去看牙医。”11. take ones temperature “量体温。”12. put some m

11、edicine on“敷一些药在上。”13. sound like“听起来好像”Eg：It doesnt sound like you have a fever.“听起来你好像没有发烧。”14. take breaks = have/take a break = have/take a rest “休息”15. go to a doctor“去看医生。”16. at+具体的时间点；on+具体某一天或具体某一天的上午/下午/晚上；in+年/月/周/不具体的上午/下午/晚上17. see（v）看见 see sb do sth“看见某人做某事”Eg：I often see him draw pict

12、ures.“我经常看见他画画。” see sb doing sth “看见某人正在做某事”Eg：I see her cleaning the classroom.“我看见她正在打扫教室”18. on the side of road“在马路的一边”19. shout（v）喊、叫 shout for help“高声呼救” shout to sb“朝某人大喊” shout at sb“斥责某人”20. get off “下（大型交通工具）”；get on“上（大型交通工具）”get into “上（小型交通工具）”；get out of“下（小型交通工具）”21. happen（v）（碰巧）发生

13、Sth happen +时间/地点 “在某时/某地发生了某事。” Sth happen to sb “某人发生了某事”； Sb happen to do sth “某人碰巧做了某事”Eg：A traffic accident happened to a stranger yesterday. “昨天一个陌生人发生一起交通事故。”I happened to see my best friend on the supermarket. “我碰巧在超市遇见了我最好的朋友。”22. go to the hospital“去医院。”23. tell（v）告诉 tell of“描述，叙述”tell sb

14、sth = tell sth to sb “告诉某人某事”Eg：I am going to tell him a good news.= I am going to tell a good news to him. “我打算告诉他这个好消息。”tell sb to do sth “告诉某人去做某事”Eg：I told him to clean his own room.“我告诉他打扫自己的房间。”tell sb not to do sth “告诉某人不要做某事”Eg：I told him not to watch TV after 11 oclock.“我告诉他十点之后不要看电视。”24. t

15、ake sb to sp“带某人去某地。”Eg：He must take the man to the hospital.“他必须带这个男人去医院。”25. expect（v）期待 expect to do sth “期待做某事”； expect sb to do sth “期待某人做某事”； except +that 从句 “期待”Eg：You can except to learn a lot from them. “你可以期待从他们身上学到很多。”26. wait for 等待；等候 wait for sb to do sth“等待某人做某事。”Eg：You cant always wa

16、it for him to help you.“你不能总是等他来帮你。” cant wait to do sth“迫不及待做某事”Eg：I cant wait to run out of the classroom.“我迫不及待地跑出教室。”27. agree（v）同意、认同agree with sb/sth“同意某人（的观点或话）”Eg：I agree with your idea very much.“我非常同意你的观点”agree to do sth“同意做某事”Eg：I agree to listen to music right now.“我同意现在听音乐。”agree on sth

17、“就某事达成一致。”Eg：Can they agree on the price.“他们能就价格达成一致吗？” agree that从句“一致同意”Eg：They agree that it may take hundreds of years.“他们一致同意那会花费很多年的时间。”28. be saved by“被救”Eg：The man was saved by the doctor.“老人被医生救活了。”29. in time“及时”；on time“按时”be in time for sth“正赶上某事”Eg：Luna is in time for her train.“Luna正好赶

18、上火车。”30. want（v）想要 want to do sth“想要做某事”； want sb to do sth“想要某人做某事”Eg：More people want to play the games.“更多的人想要玩游戏。”31. think about“思考”；think of “想起”；think over“仔细考虑”；think twice“三思”；think back“回想”32. trouble（n）问题 be in trouble“处于困境中”get into trouble “陷入困境”have trouble/problems/difficulties （in） d

19、oing sth“做某事有困难。”33. right away = right now = at once“现在，立刻，马上”34. Arrive at+小地点 “到达”；Arrive in +大地点 “到达”Get to +地点名词 “到达”； Reach+地点 “到达”Eg：They arrived in Hainan yesterday.=They got to Hainan yesterday.= They reached Hainan yesterday. “他们昨天到达了海南。”35. fall down“摔倒；坍塌”；fall down from“从跌下来（后面必须接地点）”；=

20、 fall off“从掉/跌下来（后面可以不接地点）；fall from“从落/掉下来（必须接地点）”；下降”；fall behind “落后”；fall apart“破裂，散架”；fall in love with“爱上”；fall asleep“入睡；沉睡”；fall into“”fall on sb“朝某人落下”36. press（v）压；挤；按 press sth to sth “使某物紧贴某物。”Eg：The baby press her face to her mothers.“这个婴儿把脸紧贴着她的妈妈的。” press sb to do sth“催促某人做某事”Eg：The m

21、other often press her children to do their homework.“这个妈妈经常催促她的孩子们做作业。”press sb into doing sth“迫使某人做某事”37. have trouble/problems/difficulties （in）doing sth“做某事有困难。”Eg：The little boy have problems in breathing.“这个小男孩呼吸有困难。”38. be interested in“对感兴趣”Eg：The man is interested in mountain climbing.“这个男人对

22、爬山感兴趣。”39. be/get used to doing sth“习惯做某事”Eg：Aron is used to taking risks.“阿伦习惯冒险。”used to do sth“过去常常做某事”Eg：Aron used to climb mountains.“阿伦过去常常爬山。”be used to do sth“被用来做某事”= be used for sth Eg: The knife is used to cut vegetables.use sth to do sth“用某物做某事”Eg：please use this pencil to draw pictures.

23、 “请用这支铅笔画画。”40. take a risk = take risks“冒险”； risk ones life “冒生命危险”；a risk of “的风险”41. lose ones life“失去某人的生命”42. in a great dangerous situation“处于极度危险的情况”43. free（adj）自由的；免费的；空闲的be free to do sth“有时间做某事”“自由地做某事”Eg：Are you free to come to my place？“你有时间到我这里来吗？”44. hope（v）希望 hope to do sth “希望做某事”；h

24、ope +that从句 “希望”Eg：I hope to find out whats going on around the world.“我希望世界各地正在发生的事情。”45. save ones life“救了某人的命”46. ready（adj）（adj）准备好的 be ready to do sth “准备好做某事”Eg：He was ready to try his best. “他准备好尽自己最大的努力。”be ready for“为做好准备的” Eg： We should be ready for this mid-term examination.“我们应该为这次期中考试做好

25、准备。”47. cut off“切除”cut down“砍到”；cutinto“把切成”cut up“切碎”；cut in“插话，插入”cut out“删掉；割去”48. mean（v）意思是，意味着：meaning （n）意思，含义meaningless（adj）无意义的； meaningful（adj）有意义的mean doing sth“意味着做某事”Eg：My new job means working all day and all night.mean to do sth “打算做某事”Eg: I mean to talk with him about it.“我打算和他谈谈这件事

26、。”whats the meaning of = what does/domean？= what do you mean by “是什么意思”Eg：Whats the special meaning of this colour. “这个颜色的特别含义是什么？”What does this special colour mean？“这个特别的颜色意思是什么？”What do you mean by saying this matter？“你说这件事是什么意思？”49. seem“似乎”seem to do sth“似乎要做某事”Eg：My glasses seem to have vanish

27、ed.“我的眼睛似乎不翼而飞了。”seem（to be）adj/n“似乎是”Eg：It seems a mouse behind the door.“门后面似乎是一只耗子。”It seems/seemed that“似乎”Eg：It seems that it is going to rain.“天似乎要下雨。”50. decide（v）决定decide to do sth. “决定做某事”；decide not to do sth. “决定不做某事”Eg：I decide to buy a new book. “我决定买一本新书。”51. decision（n）决定 make a decis

28、ion“做一个决定”52. keep 保持；保存；遵守；继续、持续“保持”keep（+sth）+adj. “保持”Eg：Keep quite please. “请保持安静”Keep the room clean. “保持房间整洁。”“保存”Eg：Greg has kept this book for a year. “格雷格已经保存这本书整整一年了。”“遵守”=follow Eg：Please keep the traffic rules.=Please follow the traffic rules. “请遵守交通规则。”“继续、持续”keep doing sth “一直做某事”Eg：Pl

29、ease keep going. “请继续前进。” keep sb doing sth “让某人一直做某事”Eg：Her mother keeps her studying all the day. “她的妈妈让她一整天都在学习。” keep on doing sth “继续做某事”Eg：I am going to keep on writing stories. “我将会继续写故事。”keep sb from doing sth“阻止某人做某事”53. mind （n）思维，心智 mind map “思维导图”；in ones mind “在某人心里/脑海中” （v）介意 mind doing sth “介意做某事”； make up ones mind to do sth “下定决心做某事。” Would/could you mind doing sth “你介意做某事吗？”Eg：He made up his mind to study hard this term. “他这学期下定决心努力学习。”Would you mind waiting outside for a moment? “你介意在外面稍等一会儿吗？”54. give up“放弃”；give in “妥协”学科网（北京）股份有限公司