Unit 8Detective stories课时3 Grammar-九上英语同步讲义（牛津译林版）【学生版】.doc

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1、Unit 8 Detective stories Grammar 知识精讲知识点01 定语从句 教材P112 【用法详解】1. 定语的概念定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充当。His father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。Mr. Green has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子。The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人

2、。Most of the people here know each other. 这里大多数人互相认识。 A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之将死，其言也善。The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. 送往委员会的建议被采纳了。Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green? 你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗？2. 定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词，代词或者整个句子的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语

3、从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词叫做引导词。Do you know the boy who is wearing a blue jacket?The skirt that /which is made of silk is very expensive. I cant afford it.The number of the people who/that own cars is increasing.The house that(which) the famous person once lived in is very old now.3. 关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和

4、关系副词。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。常见的关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose.关系副词：where, when, why.不论关系代词还是关系副词，都应放于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用，充当一个成分。如关系代词在定语从句中作主语，宾语或者定语，而关系副词则是作状语。4. 关系代词的用法指代对象代指人代指物既可指人也可指物主格who, thatwhich, thatthat宾格whom, that所有格whosewhose1）that引导的定语从句，that在从句中做主

5、语或宾语、指代表示人或物的先行词。作宾语时可省略，不能放在介词后面作宾语. (that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which)The letter (that/which) I received was from my father.I cant find the letter that/which came this morning.Do you still remember the days (that/which)we spent together ?2）which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。I saw the cat that which has wh

6、ite hair . I like the books which that you lent to me yesterday . 3）who般指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略，whom引导的定语从句whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词。This is the man who helped me.The boy who/whom we saw yesterday is Johns brother.The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room.The person (whom) you just talked to is

7、Mr. Li.=The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.4）whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语，修饰表示人或物的先行词。Do you know the woman whose name is Mary. Pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.5. 关系副词的用法指代对象先行词

8、关系副词时间时间先行词：day, year, date, time等when地点地点先行词：the place, the city, Beijing等where原因原因先行词：the reasonwhyI still remember the day when I came to this city .Beijing is the place where I was born.Is this the reason why he refused our offer?【典例讲解】1.What kind of books do you prefer?I prefer the ones _ me so

9、mething to think about.A.which giveB.that givesC.who givesD.what give2.Yuan Longping is a Chinese rice scientist _ is leading the research to develop “sea rice”.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.what3.I have read books _ were written by Charles Dickens.So do I. David Copperfield is my favorite.A.howB.whoC.whatD.t

10、hat4.Did you have a good time with your old classmates last night?Yes, of course. We talked a lot about the things and the people _ are still clear in our minds.A.whoB.whichC./D.that知识点02 turn out 教材P114【用法详解】turn out 结果为，证明是，被发现是If I had known my life was going to turn out like this, I would have l

11、et them kill me.如果我知道我的一生会是这样的结果，我早就该让他们杀了我。I was sure that things were going to turn out fine. 我当时就确信事情最终会好起来。His forecast turned out to be completely wrong. 他的预测被发现是完全错误的。【典例讲解】The concert_to be a big success because of the superstars wonderful performance.A.turned intoB.was turned intoC.turned ou

12、tD.was turned out【拓展】turn固定搭配in turn依次，轮流，反过来 turn on打开 turn off关上turn up开大，出现 turn down关小，调低，拒绝 turn into使变成turn over移交，翻过来，翻身知识点03 have nothing to do with 教材P114【用法详解】have nothing to do with 与.无关 Theyhavenothingto do witheachotherand followdifferentaims. 他们彼此没有关系，目的也不同。Hisparticularinterestshave n

13、othingto dowithwild places,however. 然而，他本人的兴趣爱好却和野外无关。These arethingsto be proudof,buttheyhavenothingto dowithrankorclass. 这些事情是应该引以为荣的，不过这与身份、阶级毫无关系。【典例讲解】Good grades _studying hard.A.have nothing to do with B.have to do withC.have anything D.have something to do with【拓展】have something to do with 与

14、.有关能力拓展一单项选择。1.Id like a room _ faces the beautiful sea.Wait a minute. Let me check the room information first.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.where2. Why do so many people like Ann? Because she is a girl _ always thinks more of others.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.what3.Its bad for health to hurry to move into a house

15、_ has a lot of new furniture in it.Thank you. Ill take your advice.A.thatB.whereC.in whichD.who4.I will never forget the people _ helped me a lot during my hard time.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.whom5.Great changes have taken place here. Everything _ comes into my eyes is so new to me.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.wh

16、om6.Do you know the boy _ hand writing won the first in the competition?Oh, he is Wang Wei, our monitor.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which7. Please give me_ minutes. I have something important to tell you.A.a coupleB.couple ofC.a couple ofD.couples of8.Im afraid his radio is too noisy.Will you please_him to

17、_a little.Sure.A.ask,turn it downB.allow, turn it onC.tell,turn it upD.advise,turn it off分层提分题组A 基础过关练一选词填空。 get along with ,turn out ,guard against, be charged with ,under arrest 1.Her brother always _his classmates at school .2.She _kidnapping her neighbours child over the last year .3.The man wit

18、h blood on his shirt is _. The police are looking for him.4.It _that he had nothing to do with that case.5.We have understood how to _any possible danger around us .题组B 能力提升练一、完型填空Sherlock Holmes（夏洛克福尔摩斯）is a fictional 1 created by Arthur Conan Doyle. Holmes is good at observation and logical reason

19、ing（观察和推理），and this helps him solve many 2 . Holmes first appeared in 1887 in the book called A Study in Scarlet，and became popular 3 a series of short stories. Conan Doyle altogether wrote four novels and 56 short 4 on Holmes. Most of the stories are told by Dr. Watson, a friend 5 shares the flat a

20、t 221B Baker Street，London with Holmes，and often helps Holmes when he is searching for clues. 6 Holmes may not be the first fictional detective，he is probably the most famous one in history. Holmes is 7 that many people believe he is not a fictional detective but a real person. He is widely 8 a Brit

21、ish cultural icon. Sherlock Holmes stories have had a great 9 on detective story writing and popular culture, and his stories have been made into many 10 , films and plays for more than a hundred years.1.A.writerB.detectiveC.doctorD.character2.A.questionsB.problemsC.mysteryD.cases3.A.amongB.thoughC.

22、throughD.with4.A.playsB.filmsC.storiesD.poems5.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.he6.A.AsB.WhileC.BecauseD.Although7.A.such popular manB.such popularC.so popularD.so a popular man8.A.known forB.known asC.famous forD.knew as9.A.successB.progressC.influenceD.value10.A.advertisementsB.moviesC.drama seriesD.news题组C 培

23、优拔尖练一 阅读理解AA primary school bus driver stopped the bus in a gas station in Ohio because he had to use the bathroom. Instead of turning off the engine（引擎）and taking the key with him，the driver left the bus running. And he forgot to set the brake（制动器）because he was in a hurry. “It was cold outside，and

24、 I didnt want the kids to get cold while I was using the bathroom，”he told a police officer. The bus slowly started moving away from the gas station. As the bus picked up speed，the kids began shouting and crying. Ten-year-old Jake ran forward to the drivers seat and held the steering wheel（方向盘）. He

25、pressed hard on the brake pedal（踏板）and managed to stop the bus as it came nearer to a river bed. Jake turned off the engine at last. After the police arrived at the scene，they praised Jake for his great effort. “That is one cool kid，”said the police officer. “I told him he would make a great police

26、officer when he grew up. ”Jake wasnt impressed with what he had done. “Stopping the bus，”he said，was easy compared to playing Grand Theft Auto . ”That is his favourite action video game. The bus driver was taken to the police station. He was at first charged with “leaving a child alone while motor i

27、s running. ” The lawyer said he hoped to upgrade the charge because of the number of children（twenty）on the bus. “Whatever he is charged with，”the police officer said，I will see that he never drives a bus again. ”1.Why didnt the driver turn off the engine when he went to the bathroom？Because _.A.he

28、was in a hurryB.he forgot to do itC.he didnt want the kids to get coldD.he thought he would be back in a minute2.What do we know about Jake？A.He could drive.B.He was eleven years old.C.He wanted to be a police officer.D.He liked playing Grand Theft Auto .3.What does the underlined word “upgrade mean

29、 in the fourth paragraph？A.改变B.取消C.加重D.减轻4.What will most probably happen to the bus driver？He will _A.not be chargedB.face the most serious chargeC.not be allowed to drive a bus againD.only be charged with “leaving a child alone while motor is running”【答案】CDCC【文章大意】本文讲述了一个惊险的小故事。由于不想车上的孩子们着凉，司机下车后没

30、有关闭发动机，也没有拉手闸，结果发生溜车事故。如果不是当时在车上的10岁小孩杰克及时采取措施，把车停了下来，后果不堪设想。【解析】1.题意：为什么司机去洗手间时，不关闭发动机？因为_。细节理解题。A. he was in a hurry他离开得很匆忙；B. he forgot to do it他忘记要这么做了；C. he didnt want the kids to get cold他不想让孩子们着凉；D. he thought he would be back in a minute他认为他会很快赶回来。根据原文第一段司机的原话It was cold outside，and I didnt

31、want the kids to get cold while I was using the bathroom可知，他不想让孩子们着凉，故应选C。2.题意：我们知道哪些关于杰克的事？细节理解题。A. He could drive.他会驾驶；B. He was eleven years old.他十一岁；C. He wanted to be a police officer.他想做一名警察；D. He liked playing Grand Theft Auto .他喜欢玩侠盗猎车手3。A选项并未在文中提及，故A选项排除。根据原文第二段Ten-year-old Jake可知，B选项不正确，可排

32、除。根据原文第三段“That is one cool kid，”said the police officer. “I told him he would make a great police officer when he grew up. ”可知，只是警察说杰克以后可以成为一名好警察，C选项说法不正确。根据原文第四段That is his favourite action video game可知，杰克喜欢玩侠盗猎车手3这个游戏，故应选D。3.题意：第四段的画线单词“upgrade”是什么意思？词义判断题。根据原文第四段He was at first charged with “leav

33、ing a child alone while motor is running. ”可知，司机最初只是被指控将一个小孩单独留在了启动着的汽车里，且根据下文because of the number of children（twenty）on the bus提示可知，律师认为司机将20个小孩而不只是一个留在了车上，如果处理不当，后果不堪设想。因此可推测upgrade是加重的意思，即律师希望加重对司机的指控，故应选C。4.题意：司机最有可能面临的是？他将_。推理判断题。A. not be charged不被指控；B. face the most serious charge面临最严厉的指控；C.

34、 not be allowed to drive a bus again禁止再驾驶公交车；D. only be charged with “leaving a child alone while motor is running”只会面临“将一个小孩单独留在了启动着的汽车里”的指控。根据原文第五段“Whatever he is charged with，”the police officer said，I will see that he never drives a bus again. ”可知，警察说不管司机将面临何种指控，他已经预见到司机将被禁止再开公共汽车了，由此可知C选项说法最有可能

35、，故应选C。BLooking at the undone homework on his desk always makes David Grey feel uncomfortable.More often than not, David leaves his homework behind and surfs the Internet or watches TV instead, waiting until the last minute. “But the longer 1 wait,” says David, aged 15, “the more I worry.”Everyone pr

36、ocrastinates (拖延) because they want to feel good now.The way to do that is to avoid the task.You can procrastinate on nearly anything, even enjoyable tasks such as planning a vacation.“Some people procrastinate cleaning.Some people procrastinate by cleaning,” says Professor Peter Stone.Research has

37、shown that the top tasks young people procrastinate are studying and going to bed. “One big cause for procrastination is that people are afraid of failure, of not meeting others expectations,” Stone adds.Some people believe that procrastination will make them thrive.But researchers disagree.“I did a

38、 study several years ago, asking procrastinators to finish a task in a certain period of time,” says Stone.“They did worse than non-procrastinators: they made more mistakes and they took longer.But they thought they did better.” No matter what the cause is, procrastination is usually not going to be

39、 good for you.For example, bedtime procrastination can lead to sleeplessness, which in turn can cause many other health problems.For those who need some drives to stop procrastinating, the best advice might be to take action first.If youve been procrastinating on forming a habit of exercise, just pu

40、t on your walking shoes.A little bit of progress will get you moving.Next, find something to help you remember to take action.If you want to go to bed at 10:30 pm, you might set a timed dimmer switch (渐暗开关) at 10 pm.When the lights are dimmer, youll start going to bed.It works for most people.Finall

41、y, reward yourself every time you make progress.For example, after youve run 3 km, enjoy your favourite ice-cream.But be careful: it wont work the other way around.5.What can be the best title of this passage?A. A day of a procrastinatorB.Procrastination: yes or no?C.Say goodbye to procrastinationD.

42、Want to feel good now? Procrastinate!6.What is the main reason for peoples procrastination?A.They want to avoid doing hard work.B.They fear to lose and let others down.C.They need to finish the top tasks first.D.They plan to do the enjoyable tasks last.7.The underlined word “thrive” in paragraph 3 m

43、ost probably means _.A.think fasterB.work more successfullyC.give up more easilyD.worry too much8.What should David do if he wants to stop procrastinating on a writing task?A.Put on some soft music to help think actively.B.Enjoy a favourite ice-cream, and then start writing.C.Search the Internet for enough ideas before starting.D.Pick up a pen and write down possible starting sentences.