Unit 1 Friends 第3课时 Grammar (教师版)-八年级英语上册同步精品讲义(牛津译林版).docx
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1、Unit 1 Friends Grammar知识精讲形容词/副词的比较级和最高级一、比较级和最高级的定义:1.比较级:表示“更”,用于人或事物之间的比较;She is shorter than I am.My book is more interesting than his.2.最高级:表示“最”,用于三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较,最高级前要加定冠词the。He is the tallest boy in our class.This is the most expensive computer in the shop.二、比较级和最高级的构成: (1)规则变化:1 )”短adj.” -
2、er/-est单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er/-est : tall-taller-tallest smart-smarter-smartest greatgreatergreatest以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-r/-st : nice-nicer-nicest fine-finer-finest 以辅音+y 结尾的词,变y为 i,再加-er/-est: early-earlier-earliest happy-happier-happiest busy-busier-busiest 以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词,双写辅音字母,再加-er/-est : big-bigge
3、r-biggest thin-thinner-thinnest hot-hotter-hottest 2) “长adj.” more-/most-多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more/most : popular-more popular-most popular important-more important-most important (2)不规则变化: 原级比较级最高级good/ wellbetterbestmany/ muchmoremostbad / badly(坏地)/illworseworstlittlelessleastoldolder(年龄)/ elder(辈份
4、,长幼)oldest/ eldestfarfarther(表距离)/ further(表程度)farthest/ furthest注意:形容词前如加 less 和 least 则表示较不和最不 ,如important 重要 less important 较不重要 least important 最不重要 1、比较级基本用法:1)“比较级+than ”结构 I am taller than you. He runs faster than I.2) “ A or B” Who is slimmer, Lucy or Kitty?更多用法:3) “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。 It i
5、s getting warmer and warmer 0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful4) 表示“越,就越”,用“the+比较级,the+比较级.” The busier ,the better. The more exercise you take, the healthier you will be.5) 比较级前面可以加上much, a little, even, a lot,等词. He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。 I jump a little higher than he. 例:Mum
6、, Im feeling even _ than yesterday. A. bad B. worse C. worst D. the worst6)“the moreof the two”表示“两个当中较的一个”The taller of the two boys is my brother.例:Of the two coats, the girl choose _ one.A.less expensive B.the most expensive C.the less expensive D.the least expensive2、最高级基本用法:1)the +最高级 +of/ in M
7、y mother is the busiest in my family Jim works (the) hardest of us. 2) A, B or C? Which do you best, blue, red or white?更多用法:3) “one of +最高级+复数名词”: He is one of the best students in our class. This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.注意:在形容词最高级前有限定词时,不要定冠词the. This is her most interes
8、ting experience同时形容词最高级前要加the,但是副词最高级the可省。 run (the) fastest4) the +序数词+最高级+名词单数 能力拓展一、用所给单词的正确形式填空1Mr Blacks son has come to China for _ (far) study.【答案】further【详解】句意:布莱克先生的儿子来中国深造。further study深造,进修,固定短语,故填further。2Mary was the _ (bad) singer of the three.【答案】worst【详解】句意:玛丽是三个人中最差的歌手。结合语境和空后“of t
9、he three”以及提示词可知,本句用最高级,所以填形容词bad的最高级。故填worst。3Actions speak _(loud) than words。【答案】louder【详解】句意:事实胜于雄辩。由语境及中文提示及句中的than可知,此处指的是“更加响亮的”,是actions和words之间的比较,所以此处应该用比较级的形式,故填louder。4Of all the subjects, I like English _ (good).【答案】best【详解】句意:在所有科目中,我最喜欢英语。我们知道有了比较范围,可以用“the+最高级+比较范围”,Of all the subjec
10、ts在所有科目中,这也是比较的范围,因此后面用最高级。good的最高级为best。5Kangkang cooks _(carefully)of the three.【答案】the most carefully【详解】句意:康康是三个人中做饭最仔细的一个。根据“cooks”及“of the three”可知应用副词最高级,结合所给单词,故填the most carefully。分层提分题组A 基础过关练二、完成句子6这个城市越来越美丽,我为她感到骄傲。Thecitybecomes_ _beautiful.Iamproudofher.【答案】more and more 【详解】表示“越来越”用“比
11、较级+and+比较级”的结构,“beautiful”的比较级形式是“more beautiful”,表示“越来越美丽”用“more and more beautiful”。故填more; and; more。7我认为刘谦是最有天赋的魔术师之一。I think Liu Qian is one of_ _ magicians.【答案】the most talented 【详解】看到one of 要想到句型one of +最高级+名词复数,因为是最有天赋的魔术师之一,所以要用形容词的最高级形式, 有天赋的talented, 故填the most talented。8杰克的表演比彼得更成功。Jack
12、performed _ successfully _ Peter.【答案】more than 【详解】比than;根据“更成功”可知用successfully的比较级形式more successfully。故填more;than。9我认为那儿的音乐节目主持人选歌最细致。(choose)I think the DJs there _ _ _ _.【答案】choose the songs the most carefully【详解】选歌:choose the songs;最细致:most carefully,副词修饰动词。根据语境,句子应用一般现在时,主语“the DJs there”是复数形式,
13、动词用原形即可。故填choose the songs the most carefully。10那家超市离火车站最近。The supermarket is the _ the train station.【答案】nearest to【详解】对比给出中英文可知,英文句子缺“离最近”的表达。“near to”表示“离近”,根据给出中文可知,句子要用最高级,副词“near”要变成最高级形式“nearest”,故填nearest to。题组B 能力提升练一、单项选择11Could you tell me why you learn English so well?Its very simple. _
14、you study, _ grades you will get.AThe harder; betterBHarder; betterCHarder; the betterDThe harder; the better【答案】D【详解】句意:你能告诉我你为什么学习英语学得这么好吗?这非常简单。你学习越努力,你取得的成绩越好。考查形容词的比较级。the+比较级,the+比较级,表示“越,越”,the harder, the better越努力,越好。故选D。12The number of giant pandas is getting _ because their living areas a
15、re becoming farmland.Aless and lessBlarger and largerCsmaller and smallerDmore and more【答案】C【详解】句意:大熊猫的数量正变得越来越少,因为它们的栖息地正在变成农田。考查形容词的比较级。less and less越来越少;larger and larger越来越大;smaller and smaller越来越少/小;more and more越来越多。the number of意为“的数量”,number的大小应使用small和large来修饰,根据后半句句意“因为它们的栖息地正在变成农田”,可知大熊猫的
16、数量应为越来越少,故选C。13_ great fun we have _ English!Yes. I can be _ at it this way.AHow; to learn; goodBHow; learning; wellCWhat; to learn; betterDWhat; learning; better【答案】D【详解】句意:我们学英语多么有趣!是的。是的。这样我可以做得更好。考查感叹句,非谓语动词和形容词比较级。中心词fun是不可数名词,用what引导的感叹句结构:what+形容词+不可数名词+主谓,排除A和B选项。固定搭配:have fun doing sth“做某事很
17、有趣”,排除C选项。答语赞同对方的观点,用这种方法比以前更好,蕴含比较之意,所以第三个空填比较级,故选D。14 China is over 5,000 years old. Its one of _ countries in the world. Yes. It has a much _ history than the USAAold; longBolder; longerColder; the longestDthe oldest; longer【答案】D【详解】句意:中国有5000多年的历史。它是世界上最古老的国家之一。是的。它的历史比美国悠久得多。考查形容词最高级和比较级,old老的;
18、older更老的;oldest最老的,long长的;longer更长的;longest最长的。根据最高级句型:one of the+最高级+可数名词复数+范围“最之一”,可知第一空填the oldest;第二空这里有标志词than和much,可知这里应该用long的比较级longer,故选D。15Jimmy was very _ last year, but now he is much _ .Dont you know he has changed his unhealthy diet and lifestyle?Afatter; thinBfat; thinnerCfat; fatterD
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