Unit 8Detective stories课时3 Grammar-九上英语同步讲义（牛津译林版）【教师版】.doc

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1、Unit 8 Detective stories Grammar 知识精讲知识点01 定语从句 教材P112 【用法详解】1. 定语的概念定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充当。His father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。Mr. Green has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子。The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人

2、。Most of the people here know each other. 这里大多数人互相认识。 A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之将死，其言也善。The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. 送往委员会的建议被采纳了。Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green? 你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗？2. 定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词，代词或者整个句子的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语

3、从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词叫做引导词。Do you know the boy who is wearing a blue jacket?The skirt that /which is made of silk is very expensive. I cant afford it.The number of the people who/that own cars is increasing.The house that(which) the famous person once lived in is very old now.3. 关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和

4、关系副词。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。常见的关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose.关系副词：where, when, why.不论关系代词还是关系副词，都应放于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用，充当一个成分。如关系代词在定语从句中作主语，宾语或者定语，而关系副词则是作状语。4. 关系代词的用法指代对象代指人代指物既可指人也可指物主格who, thatwhich, thatthat宾格whom, that所有格whosewhose1）that引导的定语从句，that在从句中做主

5、语或宾语、指代表示人或物的先行词。作宾语时可省略，不能放在介词后面作宾语. (that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which)The letter (that/which) I received was from my father.I cant find the letter that/which came this morning.Do you still remember the days (that/which)we spent together ?2）which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。I saw the cat that which has wh

6、ite hair . I like the books which that you lent to me yesterday . 3）who般指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略，whom引导的定语从句whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词。This is the man who helped me.The boy who/whom we saw yesterday is Johns brother.The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room.The person (whom) you just talked to is

7、Mr. Li.=The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.4）whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语，修饰表示人或物的先行词。Do you know the woman whose name is Mary. Pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.5. 关系副词的用法指代对象先行词

8、关系副词时间时间先行词：day, year, date, time等when地点地点先行词：the place, the city, Beijing等where原因原因先行词：the reasonwhyI still remember the day when I came to this city .Beijing is the place where I was born.Is this the reason why he refused our offer?【典例讲解】1.What kind of books do you prefer?I prefer the ones _ me so

9、mething to think about.A.which giveB.that givesC.who givesD.what give【答案】A【解析】句意：你喜欢什么样的书？我更喜欢那些能让我思考的书。考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，the ones指代上文的“books”，指物，在从句中作主语，用which或that作关系词，ones是复数形式，从句中的谓语用原形，故选A。2.Yuan Longping is a Chinese rice scientist _ is leading the research to develop “sea rice”.A.whoB.whichC.who

10、mD.what【答案】A【解析】句意：袁隆平是一位在领导开发“海水稻”研究的中国水稻科学家。考查定语从句。本句是定语从句，排除D；先行词是a Chinese rice scientist（一名中国水稻科学家），先行词为人，排除B；且先行词作主语，排除C选项。故选A。3.I have read books _ were written by Charles Dickens.So do I. David Copperfield is my favorite.A.howB.whoC.whatD.that【答案】D【解析】句意：我读过查尔斯狄更斯写的书。我也是。大卫科波菲尔是我的最爱。考查定语从句的引

11、导词。how关系副词，引导定语从句，在从句中作状语；who关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为人；what不能引导定语从句；that关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词为人或物。本句中先行词为物，且引导词在从句中作主语，应用that引导定语从句。故选D。4.Did you have a good time with your old classmates last night?Yes, of course. We talked a lot about the things and the people _ are still clear in our minds.A

12、.whoB.whichC./D.that【答案】D【解析】句意：昨晚你和你的老同学玩得开心吗？ 当然了。我们谈论了很多记忆犹新的人事。 考查定语从句。作为定语从句的关系词，who先行词是人，在从句中做主语；which先行词是物，在从句中做主语或宾语；that先行词是人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语。此题的先行词the things and the people是并列结构，即有人又有物，因而定语从句只能用that引导。故选D。知识点02 turn out 教材P114【用法详解】turn out 结果为，证明是，被发现是If I had known my life was going to turn

13、 out like this, I would have let them kill me.如果我知道我的一生会是这样的结果，我早就该让他们杀了我。I was sure that things were going to turn out fine. 我当时就确信事情最终会好起来。His forecast turned out to be completely wrong. 他的预测被发现是完全错误的。【典例讲解】The concert_to be a big success because of the superstars wonderful performance.A.turned in

14、toB.was turned intoC.turned outD.was turned out【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语搭配及语态的运用。句意：这场音乐会由于这些超级明星的精彩表演而获得巨大的成功。由此得知，成功是结果，所以选用动词词组turn out, turn into是表示变成。又因为turn out没有被动语态，故选C。【拓展】turn固定搭配in turn依次，轮流，反过来 turn on打开 turn off关上turn up开大，出现 turn down关小，调低，拒绝 turn into使变成turn over移交，翻过来，翻身知识点03 have nothing to d

15、o with 教材P114【用法详解】have nothing to do with 与.无关 Theyhavenothingto do witheachotherand followdifferentaims./Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Youdao/Dict/8.10.3.0/resultui/html/index.html - /javascript:;他们彼此没有关系，目的也不同。Hisparticularinterestshave nothingto dowithwild places,however./Users/Administrator

16、/AppData/Local/Youdao/Dict/8.10.3.0/resultui/html/index.html - /javascript:;然而，他本人的兴趣爱好却和野外无关。These arethingsto be proudof,buttheyhavenothingto dowithrankorclass./Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Youdao/Dict/8.10.3.0/resultui/html/index.html - /javascript:;这些事情是应该引以为荣的，不过这与身份、阶级毫无关系。【典例讲解】Good grad

17、es _studying hard.A.have nothing to do with B.have to do withC.have anything D.have something to do with【答案】D【解析】句意：好成绩与努力学习有关。考查动词短语。A. have nothing to do with和无关；B. have to do with和有关；C. have anything拥有一切；D. have something to do with和有关。根据Good grades _studying hard.可知句意为“好成绩与努力学习有关。”结合选项可知D选项符合题意，

18、故答案选D。【拓展】have something to do with 与.有关能力拓展一单项选择。1.Id like a room _ faces the beautiful sea.Wait a minute. Let me check the room information first.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.where【答案】A【解析】句意：我想要一个面对美丽大海的房间。等一下。让我先查一下房间信息。考查定语从句。which关系代词，指代物；who关系代词，指代人，what不能引导定语从句；where关系副词。根据题干可知，本句考查定语从句，先行词为the room，

19、因此此处应选择一个用来修饰物的关系代词，结合选项，只有A选项符合题意，故选A。2. Why do so many people like Ann? Because she is a girl _ always thinks more of others.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.what【答案】B【解析】句意：为什么这么多人喜欢安？ 因为她是一个总是为别人着想的女孩。考查定语从句的关系词。根据第二句的结构可知，“. always thinks more of others”是用来修饰先行词“a girl”的，先行词是人，从句中缺少主语，因此用关系代词who代替。故选B。3.It

20、s bad for health to hurry to move into a house _ has a lot of new furniture in it.Thank you. Ill take your advice.A.thatB.whereC.in whichD.who【答案】A【解析】句意：匆忙搬进有很多新家具的房子对健康有害。非常感谢。我接受你的建议。考查定语从句。根据句子成分分析可知，横线处到句末为定语从句，修饰先行词“a house”；因为先行词为物，并且此空在从句中作主语，所以此空应填关系代词that。故选A。4.I will never forget the peop

21、le _ helped me a lot during my hard time.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.whom【答案】B【解析】句意：我永远不会忘记那些在我困难时期帮助过我的人。考查定语从句。which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语；whose关系代词，指人或物，在从句中作定语；whom关系代词，指人，在从句中作宾语；句子先行词是people，指人，在从句中作主语，应用who引导，故选B。5.Great changes have taken place here. Everything _ comes into my eyes

22、is so new to me.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whom【答案】A【解析】句意：这里发生了巨大的变化。我所看到的一切对我来说都是如此的新鲜。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是不定代词Everything，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，只能用that。故选A。6.Do you know the boy _ hand writing won the first in the competition?Oh, he is Wang Wei, our monitor.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which【答案】B【解析】句意：你认识那个在书法比赛中得了第一名的男孩

23、吗？嗯，他是王伟，我们的班长。考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人，作主语；whose关系代词，指人或物，作定语；whom关系代词，指人，作宾语；which关系代词，指物，作主语或宾语；句子先行词是boy，根据“handwriting won the first in the competition”可知，此处指的是“男孩的书法”，应用whose作定语，故选B。7. Please give me_ minutes. I have something important to tell you.A.a coupleB.couple ofC.a couple ofD.couples of【答案】C【

24、解析】介词短语。选项分析：a couple of一对综合分析前后句， 可知此处填 a couple of最合适，完整句意为：Please give me a couple of minutes.请给我几分钟。I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事要告诉你。正确答案为：C8.Im afraid his radio is too noisy.Will you please_him to _a little.Sure.A.ask,turn it downB.allow, turn it onC.tell,turn it upD.advise,tur

25、n it off【答案】A【解析】句意：我担心这个收音机太吵闹了。你可以让它关小点吗？当然可以。ask sb to do sth让某人做某事，allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事，tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事，advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事，turn it down把它关小点，turn it on关上它，turn it up把它开大点，turn it off把它关上。根据Im afraid his radio is too noisy.可知此处表示收音机太吵了，因此把它关小点，故选A。分层提分题组A 基础过关练一选词填空。 get alo

26、ng with ,turn out ,guard against, be charged with ,under arrest 1.Her brother always _his classmates at school .2.She _kidnapping her neighbours child over the last year .3.The man with blood on his shirt is _. The police are looking for him.4.It _that he had nothing to do with that case.5.We have u

27、nderstood how to _any possible danger around us .【答案】1.gets along with 2.was charged with 3.under arrest4.turned out 5.guard against【解析】1.句意：她哥哥在学校总是和同学们相处得很好。本句是主谓结构，缺谓语；her brother是单数第三人称，动词需用三单形式；get along with和睦相处；根据句意结构和英文提示，可知填gets along with。2.句意：她被指控去年绑架邻居的孩子。本句是主系表结构，缺表语；over the last year用

28、于一般过去时，she是单数第三人称，系词需用was；be charged with被指控，根据句意结构和英文提示，可知填was charged with。3.句意：那个衬衫上有血迹的人被捕了。警察正在找他。under arrest被逮捕，固定短语；根据The police are looking for him.和英文提示，可知那人“被捕了”，故填under arrest。4.句意：原来他和那个案子毫无关系。本句It turned out that（结果发现）是固定句式，根据句意结构和英文提示，可知填turned out。5.句意：我们已经懂得如何防范我们周围的任何可能的危险。how to d

29、o如何做，固定表达；guard against防范，根据句意结构和英文提示，可知填guard against。题组B 能力提升练一、完型填空Sherlock Holmes（夏洛克福尔摩斯）is a fictional 1 created by Arthur Conan Doyle. Holmes is good at observation and logical reasoning（观察和推理），and this helps him solve many 2 . Holmes first appeared in 1887 in the book called A Study in Scarl

30、et，and became popular 3 a series of short stories. Conan Doyle altogether wrote four novels and 56 short 4 on Holmes. Most of the stories are told by Dr. Watson, a friend 5 shares the flat at 221B Baker Street，London with Holmes，and often helps Holmes when he is searching for clues. 6 Holmes may not

31、 be the first fictional detective，he is probably the most famous one in history. Holmes is 7 that many people believe he is not a fictional detective but a real person. He is widely 8 a British cultural icon. Sherlock Holmes stories have had a great 9 on detective story writing and popular culture,

32、and his stories have been made into many 10 , films and plays for more than a hundred years.1.A.writerB.detectiveC.doctorD.character2.A.questionsB.problemsC.mysteryD.cases3.A.amongB.thoughC.throughD.with4.A.playsB.filmsC.storiesD.poems5.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.he6.A.AsB.WhileC.BecauseD.Although7.A.such

33、popular manB.such popularC.so popularD.so a popular man8.A.known forB.known asC.famous forD.knew as9.A.successB.progressC.influenceD.value10.A.advertisementsB.moviesC.drama seriesD.news【答案】1-5 BDACB 6-10 DCBCC【文章大意】柯南道尔总共写了四部小说和五十六篇有关福尔摩斯的短篇故事。本文主要介绍了福尔摩斯在侦探小说中很有名，他的故事在一百年来被改编成许多电视连续剧、电影和戏剧。【解析】1.句意

34、：夏洛克福尔摩斯是阿瑟柯南道尔笔下虚构的侦探。本题考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. writer作者；B. detective侦探； C. doctor医生； D. character人物。根据下文“Holmes may not be the first fictional detective”中的“detective”一词可知是一名侦探，故选B。2.句意：福尔摩斯善于观察和逻辑推理,这帮助他解决很多案子。本题考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. questions问题；B. problems问题；C. mystery秘密；D. cases案件。solve cases为固定短短，意为“破案”。故选D。3.

35、句意：福尔摩斯首次出现在1887年的血字的研究，随后在一系列短篇小说中变得流行。本题考查介词及语境理解。A. among 在之中；B. though连词，尽管；C. through通过；D. with和，这里指的是在一系列短篇小说中脱颖而出，故选A。4.句意：柯南道尔总共写了四部小说和五十六篇有关福尔摩斯的短篇故事。本题考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. plays戏剧；B. films电影；C. stories小说；D. poems诗歌。根据后文Most of the stories are told by Dr. Watson可知是短篇小说，故选C。5.句意：大部分的故事都是沃森博士诉说的，他是

36、和福尔摩斯共住在伦敦贝克街221 b号的公寓的一个朋友，经常在福尔摩斯寻找线索的时候帮助他。本题考查定语从句的引导词及语境理解。A. which哪一个； B. who谁；C. whom谁；D. he他。这是一个定语从句，先行词a friend指人，who引导一个定语从句，在从句的作语。故选B。6.句意：虽然福尔摩斯可能不是第一个虚构的侦探,他可能是历史上最著名的一个。本题考查连词及语境理解。A. As当时候；B. While当时候；C. Because因为；D. Although虽然。结合句意，可知这是一个让步状语从句，所以用从属连词although，故选D。7.句意：福尔摩斯是如此受欢迎，以

37、至于许多人认为他不是一个虚构的侦探，而是一个真实的人。本题考查固定句式和语境理解。so的用法是so+adj. /adv.+that从句；such的是such+a/an+adj. +n.+that从句 。这是个结果状语从句，故选C。8.句意：他是众所周知的英国文化偶像。本题考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。A. known for因为而出名； B. known as作为而知道；C. famous for因出名； D. knew as短语错误。结合语境可知福尔摩斯是作为英国文化偶像而出名，故选B。9.句意：夏洛克福尔摩斯侦探故事对侦探故事写作和大众文化有着重大影响。本题考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. su

38、ccess成功；B. progress进步；C. influence影响；D. value价值。have a great influence on意为“对有重大影响”，故选C。10.句意：一百多年来，他的故事已经被改编成许多电视连续剧、电影和戏剧。本题考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. advertisements广告；B. movies电影；C. drama series 电视剧；D. news新闻。与films、plays并列的是drama series，故选C。题组C 培优拔尖练一 阅读理解AA primary school bus driver stopped the bus in a ga

39、s station in Ohio because he had to use the bathroom. Instead of turning off the engine（引擎）and taking the key with him，the driver left the bus running. And he forgot to set the brake（制动器）because he was in a hurry. “It was cold outside，and I didnt want the kids to get cold while I was using the bathr

40、oom，”he told a police officer. The bus slowly started moving away from the gas station. As the bus picked up speed，the kids began shouting and crying. Ten-year-old Jake ran forward to the drivers seat and held the steering wheel（方向盘）. He pressed hard on the brake pedal（踏板）and managed to stop the bus

41、 as it came nearer to a river bed. Jake turned off the engine at last. After the police arrived at the scene，they praised Jake for his great effort. “That is one cool kid，”said the police officer. “I told him he would make a great police officer when he grew up. ”Jake wasnt impressed with what he ha

42、d done. “Stopping the bus，”he said，was easy compared to playing Grand Theft Auto . ”That is his favourite action video game. The bus driver was taken to the police station. He was at first charged with “leaving a child alone while motor is running. ” The lawyer said he hoped to upgrade the charge be

43、cause of the number of children（twenty）on the bus. “Whatever he is charged with，”the police officer said，I will see that he never drives a bus again. ”1.Why didnt the driver turn off the engine when he went to the bathroom？Because _.A.he was in a hurryB.he forgot to do itC.he didnt want the kids to

44、get coldD.he thought he would be back in a minute2.What do we know about Jake？A.He could drive.B.He was eleven years old.C.He wanted to be a police officer.D.He liked playing Grand Theft Auto .3.What does the underlined word “upgrade mean in the fourth paragraph？A.改变B.取消C.加重D.减轻4.What will most prob

45、ably happen to the bus driver？He will _A.not be chargedB.face the most serious chargeC.not be allowed to drive a bus againD.only be charged with “leaving a child alone while motor is running”【答案】CDCC【文章大意】本文讲述了一个惊险的小故事。由于不想车上的孩子们着凉，司机下车后没有关闭发动机，也没有拉手闸，结果发生溜车事故。如果不是当时在车上的10岁小孩杰克及时采取措施，把车停了下来，后果不堪设想。【解析】1.题意：为什么司机去洗手间时，不关闭发动机？因为_。细节理解题。A. he was in a hurry他离开得很匆忙；B. he forgot to do it他忘记要这么做了；C. he didnt want the kids to get cold他不想让孩子们着凉；D. he thought he would be back in a minute他认为他会很快赶回来。根据原文第一段司机的原话It was cold outside，and I didnt want the kids to get cold while I was using the