Unit 6Food and lifestyle 课时3 Grammar-七上英语同步讲义（牛津译林版）【学生版】.doc

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1、Unit 6 Food and lifestyleGrammar 知识精讲知识点01 可数名词和不可数名词 教材P73【用法详解】一、 名词的分类名词即表示人或物的名称的词，它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类，具体情况见下表：类别意义例子专有名词表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词Lucy, the Greens, China, the Great Wall, the United Union普通名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词teacher, dictionary, chair, book, dog集体名词表示一群人或一群事物的词family, police, class, gro

2、up, team不可数名词物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词rice, glass, water, paper, air, wood, wool抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象感念的词danger, health, life, knowledge, interest, love, homework二、可数名词的复数形式1、名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，构成名词复数的部分规则如下：情况构成方法读音例子一般情况加-s在清辅音后读/s/在浊辅音和元音后读/z/在t后读/ts/在d后读/dz/cake-cakesday-dayspen-

3、pensstudent-students以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的词加-es读/iz/bus-buseswish-wisheswatch-watches以辅音字母加-y结尾的词变y为i, 再加-es读/z/baby-babies以元音字母加-y结尾的词加-s读/z/toy-toys以-f(-fe)结尾的词变-f(-fe)为v, 再加-es读/z/leaf-leaveslife-lives有些以f或ef结尾的词直接加-s变为复数。读/s/roof-roofs 屋顶belief-beliefs 信仰proof-proofs证据chief-chiefs 首领以-ce, -se, -ze

4、, -(d)ge等结尾的词加-s读/iz/face-faceshorse-horsessize-sizesorange-oranges以o结尾的词加-s或-espotato- potatoeshero- heroesradio- radiospiano- pianos不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母读音改变man-menwoman-womentooth-teethfoot-feet单复数形式相同读音不变sheep-sheepdeer-deerChinese-Chinese其他形式读音改变mouse-micechild-children2、某国人变复数的规则如下：中国人 a Chinese-

5、Chinese 日本人 a Japanese-Japanese英国人 an Englishman- Englishmen 法国人 a Frenchman-Frenchmen德国人 a German-Germans 3、复合名词前面的名词时man或woman,变复数时，构成复合名词的两个名词全部都要变成复数形式；如果是其他词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。Man teachermen teachers, woman driverwomen drivers, boy studentboy students, apple treeapple trees4、只能修饰可数名词的词语有:many

6、, many a(n), a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of等。Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.开张后的头几天,很多人去了那儿。I have been there dozens of times. 我已去过那儿很多次了。 A great many(of the) graduates have found jobs.毕业生中很多人已经找到了工作。三、不可数名词的数1. 常考的不可数名词advice 建议 fun 乐趣 furnit

7、ure 家具 wood 木头 news 新闻 music 音乐 progress 进步 trouble 麻烦 weather 天气 information 信息 2. 不可数名词的数量表达方式用some, much, a little, little, a lot of , lots of , plenty of 等来表示数量。 much water 许多水； some money 一些钱； a little milk 一点牛奶； lots of beef 许多牛肉借助单位量词表示一定数量。a piece of advice 一条建议 a pair of trousers 一条裤子 a can

8、 of beef 一罐啤酒 a cup of orange 一杯橘汁two bags of rice 两袋大米 four bottles of ink 四瓶墨水有些抽象名词可转化为可数名词beauty 美丽 - beauty 美人，美的东西success 成功 -一件成功的事或者一个成功的人有些物质名词表达可数概念时，可转化为可数名词。glass 玻璃- a glass 一个玻璃杯 paper 纸 - a paper 一张报纸有些物质名词的复数形式表示类别或含有特殊意义。fruits 各种各样的水果 foods各种各样的食品vegetables 各种各样的蔬菜 waters 大片水域【典例讲解

9、】1.There are few _ for supper. Would you please buy some carrots and cabbages on your way home?A. meat B. eggs C. fruit D. salad2.All the _teachers and _ students are having a meeting there. A. women, girls B. women, girlC. woman, girlsD. woman, girl 3.I want to write down something important, pleas

10、e give me_.A. a paper B. paper C. a piece of paper D. some papers4. My mother bought _for supper this morning. A. two fishes B two fish C a piece of fish D. one fishes5. How many _(woman doctor) are there in the hospital?6. When the cat is away, the_(mouse) will play happily.7. Those you admire very

11、 much are called _(hero).知识点02 Grandpas 教材P74【用法详解】1. s 所有格(1)- s 所有格：主要用于表达有生命的名词的所有关系。通常情况下，在名词的词尾加-s Roberts bicycle 罗伯特的自行车 my fathers job 我父亲的工作 Childrens Day 儿童节 在以-s结尾的名词后只加students books 学生用书 doctors office 医生办公室 以and 连接的两个（或两个以上）名词，如共有某物时，只在最后一个名词后加-s; 如表示分别拥有时，每个名词后都要加-s. Linda and Marys d

12、esk 琳达和玛丽的书桌 （两人共有） Lindas and Marys desks 琳达和玛丽的书桌 （两人各有）(2)一些无生命的名词也可以在词尾加-s来构成所有格。表示时间的名词 a seven days holiday 一个七天的假期 todays weather 今天的天气 a two hours meeting 两个小时的会议 five minutes walk 步行五分钟的路程表示国家、城市等地点的名词Londons weather 伦敦的天气 the citys history 城市的历史表示价格、重量、距离的名词ten dollars sugar 十美元的糖 fifty po

13、unds weight 五十磅重five kilometers distance 五千米的距离 fifteen kilos weight 十五千克重2. of 所有格of 所有格由“of + 名词或名词短语”构成，修饰前面的名词，表示无生命的名词的所有格。(1) 多数情况下，of所有格后面的名词是无生命名词。the end of the story 故事的结局 a map of the world 一张世界地图(2) of 所有格也可以用于有生命的名词，尤其是当该名词有很长的修饰语时。the songs of the famous singer 那位著名歌星的歌曲 the school lif

14、e of middle school students 中学生的校园生活(3) 有些名词既可以用s所有格，也可以用of所有格，两者可互换。the son of our teacher = our teachers son 我们老师的儿子3. 双重所有格“of +名词的s所有格”或“of + 名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。表示某人所拥有的多个人或物中的一个或多个。双重所有格中所修饰的名词（即of前面的那个名词）之前通常用a/an, any, some, a few, two, no, several 和数词修饰，一般不能用the修饰。a CD of my fathers 我父亲的一张唱片 an

15、y movie of his 他的任何一部电影 some friends of Jims 吉姆的一些朋友 a few friends of theirs 他们的一些朋友【典例讲解】1. The theme park is about _ ride from the museum. You should start out right now.A. one hour B. one hours C one hours D one-hours2. Today is September 10th. Its_ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teach

16、ers.A.Teacher B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers3. Wei Wei showed me A. some stamps of him B. the stamps of his C. some his stamps D. some stamps of his4. _ telephoned this morning.A. My father friend B. A friend of my fatherC. A friend of my fathers D. One of my fathers friend能力拓展一 单项选择。1. Thi

17、s room is _. They share the room with each other.A.the twin sisterB.the twin sistersC.the twin sistersD.the twin sisters2. What do we need to buy? _.A.Two kilos of potatoes and two packets of saltsB.Two kilos of potatoes and two packet of saltC.Two kilos of potatos and two packets of saltD.Two kilos

18、 of potatoes and two packets of salt3.She painted many _. They are all about _.A.photos; potatoesB.photos; potatosC.potatoes; photosD.photoes; potatoes4.In autumn there are a lot of _ on the ground.A.leafB.leafsC.leavesD.leafves5.Can I help you?Id like to have 100 _. I want my students to draw pictu

19、res.A.papersB.pieces of paperC.pieces of papersD.piece of paper6.We have _ to do every day.A.lots of homeworkB.lots of homeworksC.lot of homeworkD.a lots of homeworks7.How many _ do we have in the kitchen?Two. Thats not enough.A.bottles of juicesB.bottle of juicesC.bottles of juiceD.bottle of juice8

20、.John ate _ this morning.A.two piece of breadB.two pieces of breadC.two pieces of breadsD.two bread9.There _ some cartons of juice, but there _ any milk.A.are; isntB.are; isC.is; arentD.is; isnt分层提分题组A 基础过关练一用单词的适当形式填空。1.What are your cousin Amys _? (hobby)2.Jack and Tom are my good _(friend).3.We u

21、se _ (knife) to cut things.4.I want to know more about _ (work) of art in the Palace Museum.5.Therere few _ (mango) on the shelf. Could you get some?6.Many animals like eating _ (leaf) very much.7.There are many _ (mouse) in the old house.题组B 能力提升练一完形填空。At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds. I had a v

22、ery poor relationship with food: I used it to 1 bad feelings, to make myself feel better, and to celebrate. Worried 2 my health, I tried many different ways but nothing worked. I came to believe that I could do nothing about my 3 .When I was fifty, my weight problem began to affect me 4 , I didnt wa

23、nt to live the rest of my life with this extra weight any more.That year, I 5 a meeting where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world. A meeting leader shared her 6 story - she had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised $ 25.000 for homeless children. 7 by her story, I create

24、d the As We Heal, the World Heals 8 . My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $ 50,000 in 9 of a movement which was founded to end hunger. 10 I began my own personal weight program, I was afraid that I would 11 the same difficulties that beat me before. But I also believed that I went t

25、oward the right 12 . I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project. It worked perfectly. Donations began flooding in from hundreds of people.Of course, I also took some practical steps to lose weight. I talked to a doctor, I hired a fitness coach, and I began to exercise regularly

26、 and eat small and 13 meals.A year later, I 14 my goal: I lost 150 pounds and raised $ 50,000! I feel that Ive been given a second life by doing something that is 15 . Now you see nothing is impossible in the world, just do it!1.A.addB.collectC.killD.share2.A.withB.forC.atD.about3.A.heightB.abilityC

27、.opinionD.weight4.A.quietlyB.recentlyC.seriouslyD.secretly5.A.attendedB.foundC.knewD.mentioned6.A.dreamB.successC.adventureD.science7.A.SurprisedB.WorriedC.InfluencedD.Relaxed8.A.projectB.systemC.businessD.custom9.A.searchB.needC.placeD.support10.A.AsB.UntilC.IfD.Unless11.A.get upB.run intoC.look fo

28、rD.put away12.A.roomB.hallC.pathD.street13.A.healthyB.deliciousC.expensiveD.heavy14.A.setB.reachedC.missedD.dropped15.A.stressfulB.painfulC.meaningfulD.peaceful题组C 培优拔尖练一 阅读理解A Fat people are always looking for ways to be slim without giving up their favourite food or taking a lot of exercise. Here

29、is some good news for them. This is not a diet. Its a simple way to become slim. And you dont even have to give up the food you love or do a lot of exercise. You just follow some habits that thin people have. Keep them, and youll become thin.(1) Wake-upWhen you wake up in the morning, sit up slowly

30、without using your hands. With legs straight out, bend(弯曲) forward until you feel sore(酸) in your back. It will burn about 10 calories(卡路里).(2) Start with soupWhen you have a meal, order a clear soup, and have it before having the main food. In this way, youll feel fuller, so youll eat less when the

31、 main food comes.(3) An apple (or more) a dayApples are full of fiber(纤维) and water, so your stomach(胃) will want less. The study shows that people who eat at least three apples a day lose weight.(4) Stand up and walk aroundEvery time you use the mobile phone, stand up and walk around. Most of the h

32、eavy people sit two and a half hours more each day than thin people. This skill is very important as standing up and walking around will burn 50 or more calories.Use these skills, and you will become slimmer and slimmer.1.What should we have first if we want to eat less main food?A.Ice cream.B.Soup.

33、C.Salad.D.Cheese.2.Why does eating apples make ones stomach want less food?A.Because apples are full of fiber and water.B.Because apples are sweet.C.Because apples are delicious.D.Because only apples are filled with calories.3.Whats the purpose(目的) of the passage?A.To tell people how to be slim.B.To

34、 ask people to eat apples every day.C.To tell people how to enjoy a better life.D.To ask people to give up bad habits(习惯).4.In which part of a newspaper can you read the passage(文章)?A.Shopping.B.Teaching.C.Family.D.Health.BDo you know that you can eat a rainbow (彩虹) ? You cant eat a rainbow in the s

35、ky, of course. You can make a healthy rainbow out of all the different colors of fruits and vegetables.A red apple can help you keep your heart(心脏) strong. Eat an apple for a healthy snack. Red berries can help you from getting sick. Eat a handful of them instead of(代替) candy.An orange carrot can he

36、lp keep your eyes healthy. This vegetable is just fun to eat between your teeth. An orange has vitamins that can help keep you from catching a cold. Eat an orange or drink some orange juice with breakfast in the morning.A yellow banana can give you lots of energy. Eat this fruit before you play. Yel

37、low corn(玉米) can help keep your stomach(胃) healthy. Eat this vegetable at a picnic.Green beans are rich in vitamin B group, vitamin C and vitamin K. Beans and peas are very good vegetables. They make you strong.Blue berries can help you remember things. Eat this fruit every day to help you do well i

38、n school.5.We can learn from paragraph (段落) 2 that _ .A.a red apple isnt a good snackB.red apples are better than red berriesC.red berries are better than red applesD.a red apple is good for health6.Andy wants to be strong and he needs lots of vitamins too, he can eat _ .A.oranges and green beansB.o

39、ranges and blue berriesC.bananas and green beansD.bananas and apples7.There is one paragraph missing(缺失) , it may be about_ .A.white fruits and vegetablesB.black fruits and vegetablesC.pink fruits and vegetablesD.purple fruits and vegetables8.Which is the best title for this passage?A.Rainbow in the skyB.Eat a rainbowC.Fruits of different coloursD.Vegetables of different colours