Unit 4 Finding your way 课时3 Grammar-七下英语同步讲义(牛津译林版)【教师版】 (2).doc
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1、Unit 4 Finding your way Grammar 知识精讲知识点01 冠词a, an, the 的用法 教材P47【用法详解】一、冠词的位置冠词位于名词前,对名词起限制作用,帮助指明名词的词义。Did you see the photos I took in New Zealand? 你看到我在新西兰拍的照片了吗?There is a new house at the foot of the hill, near a lake. 山脚下有座房子,旁边还有个湖。二、冠词的分类用于单数名词前,与one同源,表示微弱的“一”的概念,用来表示泛指,但不强调数目。不定冠词a/an 与thi
2、s, that,these, those同源,表示特定的人或物,用作特指,意思是“这个/那个/这些/那些”。定冠词the 冠词 一些固定搭配或是习惯用法中,名词前不加冠词修饰。零冠词(不使用冠词)三、不定冠词a/an的用法及常用结构不定冠词a /an的用法:不定冠词用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面。(1)用于单数可数名词前,表示“一”。 There is a dog lying on the ground. (2) 不定冠词+可数名词单数可表示“一类人或一类物” Do you want to be a doctor like your father? A
3、n elephant is much stronger than a man.(3) 表示“某个”。 A lady is waiting for you at the gate. (4) 表示“每一”,相当于every。 Youd better take the medicine after meals, three meals a day. (5)用于首次提及的人或事物,不特别指出是哪一个。 I have a cat. It is very cute. (6) 用于such a/an, quite a/an, half a/an, what a/an 等句式中。如: She is such
4、an honest girl that she never tells lies. What a nice cake!(7)用在序数词前表示“又一,再一”,相当于 another。He failed twice, but he still wanted to try a third time. 他失败了两次,但他还想再试一次。四、定冠词the 的用法及常用结构(1)表示特指的人或事物。The man with a flower in his hand is Jack.(2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。 Look at the blackboard, Lily.(3) 复述前面提到过的人或事物
5、。 There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。如: The earth travels around the sun. (5)在序数词和形容词最高级的前面以及对特定的两个人或事物进行对比时的比较级前。 Who is the first one to go? / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth. He is the younger of the two boys. (6)常用在西洋乐器名称的前面。 He began to
6、 play the violin at the age of 5.(7)用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。 I want to go to the Himalaya Mountains.(8) 用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。 He is from the United States of America.(9)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。 The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(10)用在表示方位、身体部位的名词前面。如: There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River
7、.(11) 用于“世纪”的表达。 in the 1980s(12) 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人。the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 the sick 病人 the good 好人 五、零冠词的用法及常用结构1. 零冠词的用法:(1)专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如: China is a very large country.(中国是个大国) Man needs air and water. (2) 名词前已有以下限定词时不用冠词:this,that,these,those,my(及其他形容词性物主代词),whose, some,no, each,ever
8、y等。 My pen is much more expensive than yours.(3) 月份、季节、周日、节假日(尤其是含有Day的节日名词)前一般不用。 He was born on Monday, February 18,1995. 他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一。 They usually plant trees on the hills in spring. On Childrens Day the boys often get presents from their parents. (4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。Men are clever
9、er than monkeys.(人比猴子聪明)(5)三餐饭前、.球类名词前一般不加冠词。 We have breakfast at home and lunch at school. The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(6) 与by连用的交通工具前。 by train, by coach, by bus, by plane 【典例讲解】1. Could you please help me fetch my umbrella, the one with _ small ring. Yes, of course.A.aB.anC
10、.theD./【答案】A【解析】句意:你能帮我拿来我的伞吗?那把带小环的。好的。当然可以。考查冠词辨析。a不定冠词,表示泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词之前;an不定冠词,表示泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词之前;the定冠词,表示特指;/不填。根据句意可知,空处的词表示泛指,且small以辅音音素开头,故应用不定冠词a。故选A。2. Hi, Mike.You look great! Anything interesting? Yes, I watched _ exciting film. _ film is about a visit to the Moon.A.an; TheB.a; TheC
11、.an; AD.the; The【答案】A【解析】句意:嗨,迈克。你看起来很棒!有什么有趣的事吗?是的,我看了一部激动人心的电影。这部电影讲的是一次月球之旅。考查冠词。不定冠词a/an表泛指,a用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前,an用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前;定冠词the表特指;空格1指“一部激动人心的电影”表泛指,用不定冠词,exciting以元音音素开头,不定冠词用an;空格2指“这部电影”表前文提到的物,用定冠词。故选A。3.My brother is _ 11-year-old boy.A.aB.anC.theD./【答案】B【解析】句意:我的弟弟是一个11岁的男
12、孩。考查冠词。a一个,不定冠词,表示泛指,用于辅音音素前;an一个,不定冠词,表示泛指,用于元音音素前;the这个,定冠词,表示特指;/不填。根据语境可知,此空应填不定冠词表示泛指;因为“11(eleven)”是以元音音素开头的单词,所以用不定冠词an。故选B。4.Jerry had to catch the early bus, so he had _ quick breakfast.A.theB.aC./D.an【答案】B【解析】句意:杰里要赶早班车,所以他匆匆吃了早餐。考查冠词的用法。三餐前有形容词修饰时,要用冠词a或an来修饰,quick是以辅音音素开头的单词,故应填a,故选B。5.W
13、e went to _ restaurant for dinner last night. _ name of the restaurant was “Gold Dragon”.A.a; AB.the; TheC.a; TheD.the; A【答案】C【解析】句意:昨晚我们去了一家餐馆吃晚饭,这家餐馆的名字是“金龙”。考查冠词。a不定冠词,用在辅音音素开始的单词前;the定冠词,表示确指。第一空表达泛指“一家餐馆”,用不定冠词“a”。根据“name of the restaurant”可知表达确指前文提到的这家餐馆的名字,用定冠词“the”。故选C。知识点02 方位介词的用法 教材P48【用法
14、详解】介词用法举例at表示在某一点,后加较小的地点。如车站、机场、电影院、大门口;也可以放在表示集体活动的名词前。at the bus stop, at home, at a meeting in表示在物体的内部;后也可接较大的地点,如国家、城市等。in Nanjing, in China, in the world on表示在一个平面上。on the farm, on the wall, on the second floorover指在.的正上方,表示垂直在上。对应词是under。There is a bridge over the river. above指位置高于.,没有垂直关系;也可
15、以表示温度的高低。对应词是below。He lives four floors above me. below指位置低于.,没有垂直关系;也可以表示温度的高低。The coat reaches below the knees. under指在.的正下方,表示垂直在下。There are some balls under the bed. in front of在物体外面的前面There are some trees in front of our house. in the front of在物体内部的前面The teacher always stands in the front of th
16、e classroom. behind在.外部的后面There is a girl behind the tree. between.and.在.和.之间I am standing between my father and my mother. along沿着He is taking a walk along the river.【典例讲解】1.Miss Li put some fresh fruit on the desk _ us and asked us to help _.A.between; herselfB.next to; herselfC.in the front of; o
17、urselvesD.in front of; ourselves【答案】D【解析】句意:李老师把一些新鲜的水果放在我们面前的桌子上,让我们随便吃。考查介词以及反身代词辨析。between在之间;next to在旁边;in the front of在前面(物体内部前面);in front of在前面(物体外部前面);herself她自己;ourselves我们自己。根据“asked us to help”可知,让我们随便吃点,故第二空填ourselves,排除A和B选项。根据“put some fresh fruit on the desk us”可知,此处指放在我们前面的桌子上,指物体的外部,
18、故选D。2.The town lies _ the coast, so its famous _ its wonderful beaches.A.in; forB.on; forC.in; asD.on; as【答案】B【解析】句意:这个小镇位于海岸边,因此它以美丽的海滩而闻名。考查介词。in在里面;on在上面;for 因为;as作为。根据“the coast”可知,表达“在海岸边上”,用介词短语“on the coast”。根据“its wonderful beaches”可知,表达“因为海滩而出名”,用短语“be famous for”。故选B。3.Who is reading _ the
19、 sun over there?A student _ Class One.A.under; inB.over; fromC.on; inD.in; from【答案】D【解析】句意:谁在那边的阳光下看书?一个一班的学生。考查介词用法。under在下边;in在里;over在上面;from来自;on在上。in the sun在阳光下,固定搭配。根据答语中的“A student”以及“Class One”可知,此处指来自一班的一个学生。故选D。4.The expiration date(保质期)is _ the bottom of the bottle.A.atB.onC.byD.in【答案】A【解
20、析】句意:保质期在瓶底。考查地点介词。at在;on在上;by在旁边;in在上。根据“the bottom of the bottle”可知表达“在瓶底”,用介词短语“at the bottom of”。故选A。5.Where is the basketball? Its _ the floor(地板), _ the bed.A.on; onB.on; underC.under; onD.under; under【答案】B【解析】句意:篮球在哪?在地板上,床下面。考查介词的用法。on强调在表面接触的上面,on the floor表示“在地板上”,因此第一个空用on,排除选项C和D;由于地板在床的
21、下面,under表示“在下方”,所以第二个空用under,故选B。能力拓展一 单项选择1.Do you like playing _ violin or playing _ basketball?A.the, /B.the, theC./, /D./, the【答案】A【解析】句意:你喜欢拉小提琴还是打篮球?考查冠词辨析。the定冠词,在表示演奏乐器时,乐器的前面要加定冠词“the”,play the violin“拉小提琴”;第二空在球类、三餐、棋类名词前不加冠词,play basketball“打篮球”。故选A。2.After class, we often play _ basketba
22、ll for half _ hour.A.the; aB.the; anC./; aD./; an【答案】D【解析】句意:下课后,我们经常打半个小时的篮球。考查冠词。play后接球类名词时,名词前不加冠词,play basketball“打篮球”;hour以元音音素开头,其前用不定冠词an。故选D。3.He often has _ dinner with friends. They sometimes have _ great dinner.A./; /B.the; /C.a; aD./; a【答案】D【解析】句意:他经常和朋友们一起吃晚饭。他们有时会吃一顿丰盛的晚餐。考查冠词的用法。第一处“
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