专题07阅读理解30题（名校真题精练）（牛津译林版）（解析版）.docx

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1、专题07 阅读理解30题（名校真题精练）阅读理解解题技巧1.主旨大意型 考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题，主题思想，标题或目的。 做这类题，要找准主题句。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。然后根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。小心“首段陷阱”,不要一看开头就选择答案。 1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。 2)干扰项可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。 3)干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。2. 具体细节型 解

2、题原则：忠于原文，联系上下文，理清全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。所以一定要将题干所涉及信息在原文中找到，找出最贴近原话的选项。特别注意：细节理解题一定要忠实于原文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。主旨大意题注意点：1.要找到文章的关键词。2.范围不能太大，也不能太小。3.主旨在文章开头（如调查或研究结果、新闻报道、议论文）、主旨在文章结尾、主旨在文章第二段或第三段或主旨是需要通读以后对各个部分概括所得。当然概括主旨较难，需要考生能够概括出每段的段落大意。 特别注意：文章的主旨大全面理

3、解文章后归纳概括出来的；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。3. 词义猜测型 同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词 and 或 or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。 反义法如 hot and cold，give and receive 等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。 释义法对文章中的生词用定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。词义猜测题注意点：1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的意义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，

4、通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。2. 代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用逻辑关系梳理法递向寻踪法理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。4.推理判断型 透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论(非考生观点)，客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。 做题要领：既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。三、答题应试技巧：1.关注文章脉络结构。2.关注每一部分的

5、主题句，也就是说读完每部分就要弄清它的Main idea。3.采取略读（Skimming），关注主题句，其余支持信息（Supporting information）扫视即可。4.如题目是细节理解题则通过扫读（Scanning）有针对性地对读过的某部分仔细辨别具体信息。5.通过上下文保证猜测词义题不失分。6.文章主旨大意题，不能以偏概全也不能范围太大。7.关注题目题干与选项的匹配。如题目为推理判断题，而如果选了事实题，那就不对了。8.对一些推测作者接下来要写的内容或第一段前面所写的内容可通过文章承上启下的特点关注文章最后一段或第一段的内容。特别注意：阅读理解题的干扰项的设置具有一定的迷惑性。它不

6、仅能检测出考生理解、概括、推断等逻辑思维的精确性、深刻性，而且对考生心理素质也是一种检验，干扰项的干扰性一般体现在以下五个方面：1.脱离原文；2.以偏概全；3.扩缩范围；4.偷换概念；5.正误并存。名校真题30题精练（2021江苏南京八年级期末）Important Ages in the UKAgeWhat you can do.5You have to go to school.12You can buy a pet.13You can get a part-time job, but you cant work for more than two hours on a school day

7、 or on Sunday.14You can go into a bar, but you cant buy alcohol (酒).16You can leave school. A boy can join the army with his parents permission.You can drive a motorcycle (摩托车).You can have beer or wine with a meal in a restaurant.17You can hold a license to drive most small cars.18Age of maturity y

8、ou have grown up in the eyes of the law (法律).You can marry even without your parents permission.You can buy and drink alcohol in a bar.21You can hold a license to drive a large passenger bus.You can have a license to sell alcohol.You can become a Member of Parliament (议会).1_ is NOT allowed for the 1

9、8-year-old teenagers?ALeaving schoolBJoining ParliamentCDriving small carsDMarrying2If your 19-year-old friend is going to live in Britain, you should tell him that he cant _.Adrive a motorcycleBdrive a large passenger busCget a part-time jobDbuy alcohol in a bar3Which of the following is true?AYou

10、can get a full-time job when you are 13.BYou can drink beer or wine in a restaurant after 14.CAccording to the law, you are a grown-up at the age of 18.DYou can drive a large passenger bus as long as you are 21.【答案】1B2B3C【解析】该文介绍了英国人认为重要的年龄时段。具体介绍了每个重要的年龄时段应该做哪些事情。1细节理解题。根据“21 . You can become a mem

11、ber of Parliament”可知在21岁而不是18岁时可以加入议会，故选B。2细节理解题。根据“21 You can hold a license to drive a large passenger bus.”可知21岁时才可以持有驾驶大型客车的执照，这是19岁不能做的事情，故选B。3细节理解题。根据“18 Age of maturity you have grown up in the eyes of the law.”可知根据法律规定，你18岁就是成年人了。故选C。（2021江苏南京八年级期末）Leaflet for Field Trip DayOn Friday, June 2

12、5, our class will take a field trip to North Park Zoo. The Zoohas lions, elephants, and other interesting animals. Many of the animals we are studying will be there for us to watch closely.Our class will be divided into six teams. Each team will have five students and one leader. The leaders are lis

13、ted in the table below.What You Need to KnowOn the morning of the trip, the students will be divided into teams. One student from each team will receive a camera. The camera person will take pictures of the team, the animals, and other fun sights at the zoo.All the students should wear blue shirts.

14、Be sure to wear comfortable shoes because we will be walking all day. Please bring a bag lunch and a drink. We will have a picnic at the park inside the zoo. Bring a healthy snack, such as a piece of fruit and a drink, for later in the day.When we are at the zoo, always stay with your team. Do not l

15、eave the team without telling the team leader.Feeding the AnimalsThe ONLY animals that students are allowed to feed are those in the Childrens Zoo. Special food can be bought at the zoo for 5 yuan and given to these animals. Do not feed your lunch to them. It is not good for the animals.4The chart s

16、hows what will happen in the field trip. Which can be put in the empty box?AThe class visits the animalsBThe class stops for a snackCThe class is divided into teamsDThe class feeds the animals5The main purpose to have the field trip is _.Ato enjoy the beautiful viewsBto work with team leadersCto see

17、 animals they are studyingDto have a picnic inside the zoo6After reading this leaflet, the students can _ .Aunderstand directions to the zooBknow new facts about animalsCfind out what animals are at the zooDlearn what is needed for the field trip【答案】4C5C6D【解析】本事一篇广告布告类阅读，主要讲述了我们班将去动物园参观动物的一些相关准备事宜以及

18、注意事项。4细节理解题。根据“On the morning of the trip, the students will be divided into teams. One student from each team will receive a camera.”在给学生相机之前，学生会被分成几个团队。故选C。5推理判断题。根据“Many of the animals we are studying will be there for us to watch closely.”可知，这次出行的目的是，去观察我们正在研究的许多动物。故选C。6推理判断题。根据标题“Leaflet for Fi

19、eld Trip Day”以及全文内容可知，主要讲述了我们班将去动物园参观动物的一些相关准备事宜以及注意事项。所以学生读完这篇短文可以了解这次参观需要什么的相关事项。故选D。（2019江苏苏州八年级期末）sSweet TomatoesSalad & Fruit &VegetablesEat as much as you canSay goodbye to any meat, enjoy fruit and vegetables!Adult￥ 60Child(6-12)￥ 30(under 6) free*Save ￥10Coupon in Sundays Zhangjiagang Daily*

20、 First ten on 20nd Sunday each monthget one free tasty chocolate* Business hours:11:00 a. m. -10:00 p. m. (Tue. -Fri.)10:00 a. m. -11:00 p. m. (Sat. -Sun.)Closed on Monday7People cannot have _ in Sweet Tomatoes.AsaladBcarrotsCmangoesDbeef8Mr. and Mrs. Lee visited Sweet Tomatoes with two kids, Mary a

21、ged 8 and Coco aged 5. They paid _ for the meal.A180B150C120D909What is a coupon used for?ATo get a free chocolate.BTo save some money.CTo get a better seat.DTo be a reader of Zhangjiagang Daily.【答案】7D8B9B【解析】这是一张海报，主要介绍了Sweet Tomatoes的费用、时间等。7细节理解题，根据“Salad & Fruit &Vegetables; Eat as much as you c

22、an; Say goodbye to any meat ,enjoy fruit and vegetables!”，可知在Sweet Tomatoes人们不能吃牛肉，故选D。8细节理解题，根据“Adult￥ 60；Child(6一12)￥ 30；(under 6) free”，可知两个成年人一共120元，八岁的孩子30元，五岁的孩子免费，可知应该是150元，故选B。9细节理解题，根据“Save ￥10 Coupon in Sundays Zhangjia”，可知coupon可以节约钱，故选BPapa MarkosPizza to goLarge 250 Medium 180 Small 100

23、Ready In 15 minutesOpen at noon 7 days a weekCall now: 234-5678Apple Tree BakeryHandmade Bread and CookiesOpen at 6 o clock every morning20% off after 8 p.m. GOOD TASTE FAST FOODHamburgers, Hot dogs, Drinks10: 00 a.m. to 11: 30 p.m. every dayTHE BEST IN TOWNWinnies Sandwich ClubAll you can eat180 a

24、person120 for children under 12Lunch hours: 11:00 am2:00 p. m.Dinner hours: 5:00 pm8:00 p. m.Closed on Sundays10Lisa has to get to school before 7: 00 this morning.On her way to school, where can she buy her breakfast?AAt Apple Tree Bakery.BAt Papa Markos.CAt Good Taste Fast Food.DAt Winnies Sandwic

25、h Club.11If Lisa buys some food for 150 at Apple Tree Bakery at 9. 30 p. m., she will save _.A80B20C30D12012Which statement is wrong?AThey are all advertisements for delicious food.BGood Taste Fast Food is open every weekend.CYou cant have a meal until noon at Papa Markos.DChildren pay120 at Winnies

26、 Sandwich club.【答案】10A11C12B【解析】文章大意：本文主要讲述的是有关于四家食品店的事情。文中分别介绍了四家食品店的营业时间、价钱以及联系方式。有的还会附上折扣信息，比如Apple Tree Bakery这家店在晚上八点之后，商品会打八折。10细节理解题。题目中提到“Lisa has to get to school before 7: 00 this morning”丽莎早上七点之前就要到学校，所以是在7点之前买早餐，Apple Tree Bakery一栏中提到“Open at 6 o clock every morning”，可知该店开始营业时间是早上六点，故选A。

27、11推理判断题。根据Apple Tree Bakery中提到的信息“20% off after 8 P. m.”晚上八点之后会打八折，因此若买了150美元的东西，则只需支付120美元，节省了30美元，故选C。12推理判断题。根据GOOD TASTE FAST FOOD中的信息“10: 00 a.m. to 11: 30 p.m. every day”，可知GOOD TASTE FAST FOOD商店每天都开，而不止是在周末，因此B选项不符合文意，故选B。（江苏南通第一初中八年级期末）Guitar lessonsan excellent musicianGood-at teaching kids

28、 for 5 yearsYour home or mineCall Larry at 86087593Taxi driver wantedFull timeExperience and good knowledge of the city are necessary.Under 45 years oldCall Mr White at 75132633 or 13935728866Lost dogMedium size, spotted white short hair. Answer you when you call it David. Many thanks for returning

29、it.Call Susan at 87328059Flat for saleTwo bedrooms , a kitchen and a bathroom.Hot water 8:00-18:00. Beautiful sights out of the windows.E-mail: sigfund.13Who can teach children to play the guitar?AMr WhiteBDavidCLarryDSusan14Which number should you call on if you find the lost dog?A87328059B86087593

30、C75132633D1393572886615How can you contact(联系) the owner of the flat for more information?ABy making a phone call. BBy sending an e-mail.CBy going to visit it.DBy sending a letter.【答案】13C14A15B【解析】文章大意：这是一篇关于四则广告的短文，文中分别介绍了钢琴课、司机招聘、寻狗启示及公寓出租的具体内容。13细节理解题。根据表格第一栏第一列第五行“Call Larry at 86087593”“打电话8608

31、7593给Larry”，故选C。14细节理解题。根据表格第二栏第一列第五、六行“Call Susan at 87328059”“打电话87328059给Susan”，故选A。15细节理解题。根据表格第二栏第二列第五行“E-mail: sigfund”“邮件sigfund”可知，可以通过给公寓的主人发邮件了解更多的信息，故选B。（2021江苏淮安市淮安区教师发展中心学科研训处八年级期末）ORBISORBIS is a charity. It helps the people who cant see. The doctors and nurses in the charity fly to th

32、e poor places all over the world to help blind people. But they need lots of money to do this, so the doctors at ORBIS hope that more and more people can raise money for them to support their work.Detroit Public RadioOne way you can help Detroit Public Radio is by volunteering your time during one o

33、f the stations fund-raising(筹款)events, such as WDETs Pledge Drive. Were always looking for volunteers to help the station.UNICEFUnited Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund (UNICEF) was set up on December 11, 1946 to help children in poor countries. It helps make the world a better place fo

34、r children. People can help UNICEF by doing the volunteer work.Taichung PAWSAnyone with an interest in helping animals out is welcome to join us, whether (是否) you want to volunteer for a short time or a long time. If you love animals, please join us!16What kind of people does ORBIS help?AThe old.BTh

35、e poor.CThe deaf.DThe blind.17What is WDETs Pledge Drive according to the information above?AA kind of car.BA fund-raising event. CA radio station.DA childrens hospital.18How long is it about since UNICEF was set up?A65 years.B60 years.C75 years.D55 years.19If Judy loves animals a lot, what may she

36、be interested in?ATaichung PAWS.BDetroit Public Radio.CUNICEF.DORBIS.20Where can you find the information?AIn a story book.BIn a history book.CIn a novel.DIn an advertisement.【答案】16D17B18C19A20D【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了4个组织或机构情况，以及希望有更多的志愿者可以加入其中。16细节理解题。根据“ORBIS is a charity. It helps the people who cant se

37、e.”可知，ORBIS这个慈善组织是帮忙盲人的。故选D。17细节理解题。根据“One way you can help Detroit Public Radio is by volunteering your time during one of the stations fund-raising(筹款)events, such as WDETs Pledge Drive.”可知，WDETs Pledge Drive是一个资金筹集活动。故选B。18细节理解题。根据“United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund (UNICEF) wa

38、s set up on December 11, 1946 to help children in poor countries.”可知，UNICEF是1946年10月11日成立，已经成立75年了。故选C。19细节理解题。根据“Anyone with an interest in helping animals out is welcome to join us”可知，如果Judy非常喜欢动物，她可能对Taichung PAWS感兴趣。故选A。20推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了4个组织或机构的情况，它们都在吸纳志愿者的加入。由此推知，可以在广告栏能找到相关信息。故选D。（2021江苏

39、扬州市梅岭中学八年级期末） Thank you all so much for being here. It means so much to us. First, Id like to thank everyone for coming today. The love and support that my family has felt from around the world has been so uplifting (鼓舞人心的). Thank you so much for all your prayers. Id like to talk about both Kobe and

40、 Gianna, but Ill start with my baby girl first. My baby girl. Gianna Bryant is an amazingly sweet and gentle soul. She was very thoughtful and always kissed me good night and kissed me good morning. She loved to bake. She loved putting a smile on everyones face. Last August she made a beautiful birt

41、hday cake for her daddy. Kobes birthday cake looked like it was professionally decorated. She made the best chocolate chip cookies. Gianna was confident but not in an impolite way. At school she offered the boys basketball team some advice. She was very much like her daddy and they both liked helpin

42、g people learn new things and master them. They were great teachers. Gianna was very sweet. She always made sure everybody was okay. She always kept our family together. She loved family traditions, and family movie night was important to her. She always looked out for everyone and wanted the best f

43、or us. Gianna knew how to read, speak and write Chinese, she knew Spanish and had great grades and kept them up all while becoming a great basketball player. She was a beautiful, kind, happy, silly, thoughtful and loving sister and daughter. I cannot imagine life without her. Mommy, Natalia, Bianka,

44、 Capri and Daddy love you so much, Gianna. I will miss your sweet handmade cards, your sweet kisses, and your gorgeous smile. I miss you, all of you, every day. I love you. 21The kind of writing of this passage is a _.AstoryBspeechCpoemDnotice22Gianna and her father were both good at _.Amaking famil

45、y moviesBmaking chocolate chip cookiesCspeaking and writing foreign languagesDhelping others and teaching other people things23The sixth paragraph especially shows that Gianna was _.AkindBlovelyCcleverDbeautiful24_ will mainly be talked about in the following passage.AKobe BryantBGiannas sistersCGia

46、nnas mommyDThe players in the NBA【答案】21B22D23C24A【解析】本文是一篇应用文。短文是一篇纪念科比和女儿Gianna的演讲稿。21主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据文中“Thank you all so much for being here. It means so much to us.”可知，这篇文章的写作方式是演讲稿。故选B。22细节理解题。根据文中“She was very much like her daddy and they both liked helping people learn new things and master them.”