湖南娄底市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末质量检测英语试卷含答案.pdf

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1、学科网（北京）股份有限公司娄底市娄底市 2023 年下学期高三质量检测年下学期高三质量检测英语英语注意事项：注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效

2、。3考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分第一部分 听力（共两节，满分听力（共两节，满分 30 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分分，满分 7.5 分）分）听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A 19.15.B 9.18.C 9.15.答案是 C。1What did the man do?AHe taught Engl

3、ish.BHe went abroad.CHe visited a school.2What time do the speakers plan to start out?AAt 3:00 a.m.BAt 8:00 a.m.CAt 11:00 a.m.3Which of the following does the man dislike?AThe new city.BHis new job.CThe cold climate.4Why did the man come back home?AHe was ill.BHe was out of work.CHe missed his famil

4、y.5Why did Peter go out?ATo get some paint.BTo have a drink.CTo see a movie.第二节（共第二节（共 15 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分分，满分 22.5 分）分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。6Why does the woman want to go to a wildl

5、ife park?AShe can see a lot of animals.BShe likes to see animals in the wild.CShe doesnt have to pay for the ticket.7When does this conversation probably take place?ABefore the summer holidays.学科网（北京）股份有限公司BDuring the summer holidays.CAfter the summer holidays.听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题。8Why does the man

6、 ask about Janet?AHe hasnt seen her for a long time.BHe wants to make friends with her.CHe wants the woman to be her friend.9What does the man think of Janet?AVery nice.BVery clever.CHardworking.10What might be the result of the conversation?AThe man and Janet become friends.BThe woman and Janet are

7、 friends again.CThe man and the woman become friends.听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。11How does the man feel about what the ad says?AHe believes it.BHe doubts it.CHe is interested in it.12What will the speakers most probably do tomorrow?AWork in the yard.BGo to a car show.CGo to a fashion show.13What is the

8、probable relationship between the two speakers?AMother and son.BHusband and wife.CFather and daughter.听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 17 题。14Why does the man complain to the woman?AShe is driving too fast.BShe is driving carelessly.CShe is driving so slowly.15What did the woman do when she saw a boy running out i

9、n front of her?AShe slowed down.BShe drove even faster.CShe continued driving.16How did the boy fall down?AHe fell down himself.BHe was hit by a bus.CHe was hit by the womans car.17How many reasons does the woman give for driving carefully?ATwo.BThree.CFour.听第 10 段材料，回答第 18 至 20 题。18What will the ne

10、w students do on Saturday?AVisit a historical city.BTour around London.CPlay games with classmates.19When will the new students meet their teachers?AOn Sunday morning.BOn Sunday afternoon.COn Sunday evening.20What does the speaker mainly talk about?AA tour of London.BThe plan for the weekend.学科网（北京）

11、股份有限公司CThe teaching arrangements.第二部分第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 15 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 37.5 分）分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASummer ScholarshipsABOUT THE PROGRAMThe Scholastic Awards Summer（SAS）Scholarship Program provides teens who have been recognized by the Scholastic A

12、rt&Writing Awards with an opportunity to attend summer art or writing programs on a full-tuition（全额学费）scholarship.Teens do not apply for specific summer programs;instead,they apply for a SAS Scholarship,and we work with our partners to place Scholars into a program that will work best for them based

13、 on their abilities and interests.ELIGIBILITY（资格）（资格）Teens in grades 711 who have received a Gold or Silver Key can apply for a SAS Scholarship.Individual programs may set additional criteria.HOW TO SUBMITThe application period opens when regional awards are announced in January.To apply,log youre y

14、our account at portal,artandwriting.org.You will find My SAS Scholarships Application on your teen dashboard.APPLICATION CHECKLISTAll applications must contain:1Your Gold or Silver Key,art or writing.2Up to five additional recent examples of your best art or writing.3Complete answers to all question

15、s in the written part of the application,including your Profile and Student Questionnaire.4The Parent/Guardian Questionnaire must be completed by your parent or guardian.21What is the purpose of the program?ATo help teens to win a scholarship.BTo give teens training in art or writing.CTo reward teen

16、s who love art or writing.DTo encourage teens interest in art or writing.22Who can apply for the program?AAnyone who loves art or writing.BAnyone who wants to do better in art or writing.CThose who are the Scholastic Awards winners.DThose who want to be the Scholastic Awards winners.23Which of the f

17、ollowing must be included in the application?AYour plan for winning a reward.BYour descriptions of your works.CYour achievements in art or writing.DYour suggestions about the program.B学科网（北京）股份有限公司One strategy for reducing food wastes environmental impact seems contrary to common sense:Open more gro

18、cery stores.Thats according to new research from Elena Belavina,an expert in operations management and supply chains.The food we throw out because it goes bad when cleaning out the fridge makes a surprisingly large contribution to global warming.One-third of all food produced is wasted,a problem res

19、ponsible for carbon emissions（排放物）equivalent to all road transportation,said Belavina.When consumers can purchase food nearby,they shop more often but buy less each time,ultimately wasting less.“The more stores you have,the lower food waste is going to be,”said Belavina.“Very small increases in stor

20、e density（密度）can have a very high impact.”Belavina found that in Chicago,which she said is typical of many American cities,adding just three or four markets within a 10-square-kilometer area would reduce food waste by 6%to 9%.That would achieve an emissions reduction comparable to converting（改装）more

21、 than 20,000 cars from petrol to electric power.Most big cities are well below the ideal density of grocery stores that would minimize food waste,the research determined.In Chicago,that would be about 200 markets within a 10-square-kilometer areacompared to 15 currentlybut most of the benefit from r

22、educed emissions would be achieved by about 50 markets.New York City,with its abundance of produce stands and neighborhood markets,comes closest to its ideal density.Urban planners,city governments and activists should pursue policies encouraging an ideal density of grocery stores based on each city

23、s population,she said.Chain stores sustainability plans should analyze how their store networks and supply chains contribute to food waste and emissions overall.“We actually see some moves toward going a little bit back in time and those small corner stores and mom-and-pop stores are making a comeba

24、ck,”she said.24Why can higher store density reduce food waste?AThere are more stores to supply fresh food.BThere are more stores to deal with food waste.CConsumers can spend less time on buying food.DConsumers neednt overbuy their groceries.25How many markets are there per 10 square kilometers in Ch

25、icago now?A15 markets.BAbout 4 markets.CAbout 50 markets.DAbout 200 markets.26What does Belavina think of small corner stores and mom-and-pop stores?AThey are helpful.BThey are a problem.CThey are of little help.DThey do better than grocery stores.27Which of the following is a suitable title for the

26、 text?ABuy Less,Eat LessBIdeal Density of Grocery StoresCFood Waste and Global WarmingDMore Grocery Stores,Less Food WasteCRecently,I was walking with some parents when we came across a five-pound note lying on the ground.We stood around it for a moment,a bit awkwardly,until someone suggested puttin

27、g it on a nearby bench.Then one of the parents remarked that wed probably have behaved differentlythat is,we would have just taken the moneyhad we been alone.学科网（北京）股份有限公司This relates to a classic question in studies of human generosity:do we behave more selfishly when we arent being observed?The de

28、bate goes on across the psychological and biological sciences,as well as in popular culture,about whether kindness can exist in a competitive world.Yom Kippur is a Jewish（犹太人的）religious holiday when Jewish people fast and ask for forgiveness for the wrongs theyve committed.One of the points of Yom K

29、ippur is to behave better regardless of who is watching.Theres an evolutionary beauty to the teachings of Yom Kippur,which are the products of thousands of years of cultural changes and evolution.The Maasai people of Kenya practice osotua:relationships between people that operate based on need.When

30、someone forms an osotua relationship with another,they enter into an unwritten contract to help their partner in times of need.And hunter-gatherer groups,which can represent the circumstances our species evolved in,have many similar examples.Cultural evolution helps to explain the existence and comp

31、lexity of these systems.Culturalchanges are far faster than biological evolution,allowing intelligent species like humans to develop behavioral adaptations for managing complex social environments.Osotua,or any other practice that helps to maintain good treatment of others in society,is the result o

32、f tens of thousands of years of cultural trial and error.The customs passed down over time are those that help us to develop as cultural groups.The study of those changes has helped us to understand how we successfully spread around the world as cooperative groups.Biological evolution has helped hum

33、ans be more cooperative,but cultural changes have accelerated this process.Cultural evolution helps us to overcome our selfish natures.Try to understand rules before you ignore themand next time you find a fiver on the ground,you might think about the awkward situation your discovery represents.28Wh

34、at made the parents feel a bit awkward?AThe difficulty sharing the money.BThe difficulty finding the owner of the money.CThe thought of putting the money on the bench.DThe thought of keeping the money for themselves.29Why is“Yom Kippur”talked about in the text?ATo highlight a fact.BTo draw a conclus

35、ion.CTo make a comparison.DTo support an argument.30How is biological evolution different from cultural evolution?AIt evolves much slower.BIt takes much less time.CIt is a more complex process.DIt makes humans more cooperative.31What does the author intend to explain in the text?AHow cultural evolut

36、ion takes place.BWhy people sometimes behave selfishly.CWhy kindness exists in a competitive world.DHow kindness spreads throughout the world.D学科网（北京）股份有限公司The sign of a healthy personal relationship is one that is equally mutual（相互的）where you get out just as much as you put in.Nature has its own ve

37、rsion of a healthy relationship.Known as mutualisms,they are interactions between species that are mutually beneficial for each species.One example is the interaction between plants and pollinators（传粉者）,where your apple trees are pollinated and the honeybee gets nectar（花蜜）as a food reward.But how ar

38、e mutualisms affected by other organisms that take those rewards without providing a service in return?A team of researchers recently researched that question.They investigated the abilities of diverse communities of mutualists,comparing how each deals with cheaters.Cheaters are species that steal t

39、he benefits of the mutualism without providing anything in return.An example of one of natures cheaters is nectar robbers.Nectar-robbing bees chew through the side of flowers to feed on nectar without coming into contact with the flower parts that would result in pollination.The researchers produced

40、 mutualisms in the lab using yeast strains（酵母菌株）that functioned as mutualist species.Each yeast strain produced a food resource to exchange with a mutualist partner.They engineered four species of each type of mutualists as well as two cheater strains that were unable to make food resources.The rese

41、archers created communities of yeast that differed both in the number of species and the presence of cheaters.They found that communities with higher numbers of mutualist species were better able to resist the negative effects of cheaters because there were multiple species of mutualists performing

42、the same task.If one species was lost from the community due to competing with a cheater,there were other species around to perform the task,showing that the presence of more species in a community can reduce the negative effects of cheaters.Their results highlight the importance of having multiple

43、mutualist species that provide similar resources or services,essentially creating a backup in case one species goes extinct.Its similar to the relationship between grocery stores and suppliers.Grocery stores have multiple suppliers to ensure that there are always goods available should something hap

44、pen to one supplier.The future study is to explore the possibility of a mutualist species becoming a cheater.The group is testing if mutualists that perform the same function might set up an environment that allows one of those mutualist species to become a cheater since there are other mutualists a

45、round that can fill that role.32Which of the following can be an example of mutualism?AFarmers and crops.BSunlight and plants.CCities and wild animals.DHumans and global warming.33What can be concluded from the study of communities of yeast?AMore communities of yeast are better than one.BMore specie

46、s of mutualists are better than one.CMore species of mutualists lead to fewer cheaters.DMore communities of yeast lead to fewer cheaters.34According to the text,which of the following may have the same role as“suppliers”underlined in paragraph 5?ANectar.BHoneybees.CCheaters.DApples.35According to th

47、e study,what would happen in a community of mutualists?ACheaters would become extinct.BCheaters would act as mutualist species.学科网（北京）股份有限公司CA mutualist species would switch to cheating.DMutualist species and cheaters would work together.第二节（共第二节（共 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 12.5 分）分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项

48、中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Why I Love JuneMemorial Day has come and gone and June has officially begun.In my mind,that means summer is hereeven if the calendar says it doesnt arrive for another few weeks.How you greet a new season sets the tone for how positively you are prepared to enter into a ne

49、w time of year.36 and feel inspired to share my reasons why I love the start of the summer.I can have fun on the beach.Im a beach lover.Ive been sticking my feet in the grainy sands of the beach since I was born.37 and Grandmas blueberry pie（a great way to end a long beach day）.I usually kick off my

50、 beach weekends in late May,but June is when I enjoy the salty smell and rolling waves as I close my eyes and let the sun pour down on my shoulders.38 .When June rolls around I seem to notice the colorful flowers around me a lot more.Maybe its because Ive just started walking outside for longer peri