(7)--5、小麦工艺品质粮油食品工艺学.ppt

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1、 Chapter 3 Wheat products processing 知识点知识点1 小麦工艺品质小麦工艺品质 小麦工艺品质小麦工艺品质1 1、小麦分类小麦分类小麦硬度指数 hardness indexhardness index在规定条件下粉碎小麦样品，留存在筛网上的样品占试样的质量百分数，简称 HI。硬度指数越大，表明小麦硬度越高，反之表明小麦硬度越低。小麦硬度指数测定仪中华人民共和国国家标准-小麦 GB1351-2008The following types of wheat are classified based primarily on color,hardness of th

2、e kernel根据小麦的粒质和皮色分为以下五类：硬质白小麦(Hard white)：种皮为白色或黄白色的麦粒不低于90%，硬度指数不低于60%的小麦。软质白小麦(Soft white)：种皮为白色或黄白色的麦粒不低于90%，硬度指数不高于45%的小麦。硬质红小麦(Hard red)：种皮为深红色或红褐色的麦粒不低于90%，硬度指数不低于60%的小麦。软质红小麦(Soft red)：种皮为深红色或红褐色的麦粒不低于90%，硬度指数不高于45%的小麦。混合小麦（mix)：不符合上述四种规定的小麦。2、小麦的加工品质小麦的加工品质胚根胚叶胚芽胚根鞘表皮下皮跨层 管细胞种皮外种皮晶膜层皱折Fig.3

3、.1 The structure of wheat granule 1)Bran Layer14%of kernelSeveral thin layerContains aleurone layer(糊粉层）Viable（能自行发育的）,protected layer,surrounds endospermenzyme activityContains:protein,lipid,minerals,vitamins,phenolic compounds,celluloseFig.3.2 The structure of bran layer 2)Starchy Endosperm83%of k

4、ernelNon-viable,but may have enzymatic activityContains high levels of starch75%of wheat endospermsource of fermentable sugarsContains extensible gluten proteinsVery little mineral,fiber,fat&vitaminsFig.3.3 The structure of starchy endosperm Starch Granules in Protein MatrixFig.3.4 Starch graunles in protein matrix 3)Germ2-3%of kernelViable tissueContains embryoall rudimentary(基本的）growth tissuesResponsible for germinatione.g.during malting of barleyContains higher quantities of lipid than other fractionsFig.3.5 The structure of germ