Week 14 商务合同的翻译 (专科).pptx
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1、商务合同的翻译Translation of Business ContractContentsContentsv1.1.商务合同的基础知识v2.2.词汇特点及翻译要点v3.3.句法特点及翻译要点v4.4.练习1.1.商务合同的基础知识第一节 商务合同的基础知识一、概念与文体二、分类与结构三、商务合同的主要内容1.商务合同的基础知识1.商务合同的基础知识一、一、概念与文体(1)(1)v虽然国内外对合同的定义各不相同,但都有一个共同点:A contract is an agreement,which legally binds the parties concerned。比如,99年中国合同法规定
2、,Contacts referred to in this Law are agreements establishing,modifying and terminating结束 the civil rights民事权利 and obligations between subjects of equal footing平等地位,that is,between natural persons,legal persons or other organizations。v在由Steven H.Gifts编著的“Law Dictionary”中,contract被定义为“a promise,or a
3、set of promises,for breach of which the law gives remedy补救办法,or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”v根据这一定义,合同是一种承诺,违反承诺可以得到法律救助,在某种意义上,法律将履行该承诺看作是一种补偿。综上可见,合同是平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的法律协议。商务合同的基础知识v二、二、分类与结构分类与结构(1)(1)根据当事人之间的权利和义务关系,主要可做如下分类:Contracts for International
4、 Sale of Goods(销售或购货)Contracts for International Technology Transfer(技术转让)Contracts for Sino-foreign Joint Ventures(合资或合营)Contracts for International Engineering Projects(工程)Contracts for Compensation Trade(补偿贸易)Contracts for Sino-foreign Cooperation Development of Natural Resources(自然资源开发合作)Contrac
5、ts for Foreign Labor Services(劳动服务)Contracts for International Leasing Affairs(租赁)Contracts for Sino-foreign Credits and Loans(信贷)Contracts for International Build-Operate-Transfer(建设,运营,转让),等。商务合同的基础知识v二、分类与结构二、分类与结构(2)(2)按照格式的繁简程度的不同,国际商务合同可以采取正式 合 同(ContractContract)、协 议 书(AgreementAgreement)、确 认
6、 书(ConfirmationConfirmation)、备忘录(MemorandumMemorandum)、定单(OrderOrder)等书面形式。在合同签订和履行过程中,当事人之间往来的信函、电子邮件、电报等也是合同的组成部分,同样具有一定的法律效力。但是,为了顺利、准确无误地完成合同的履行,保护当事人各方的合法权益,所有商业往来应以合同、协议书和确认书的订立为前提和基础。商务合同的基础知识v二、分类与结构二、分类与结构(3)(3)v从结构上看,国际商务合同一般包含如下四个部分1,具体说明如下:v(一)合同名称(Title):即合同标题,表明合同的内容和性质。v(二)前文(Preamble
7、):前言即合同总则,其主要内容有:具有法人资格的当事人的名称(字号)或姓名、国籍、业务范围、法定住址、合同签订日期和地点,就感爱好问题的约因,愿意达成协议的原则及授权范围。v通常包括下列内容:vTitle 合同名称vNumber of the Contract 合同号码vDate of Signing 签约日期vSigning Parties 签约当事人vPlace of Signing 签约地点vEach Partys Authority 当事人的合法依据vRecitals of Whereas Clause 缔约缘由Case 1Case 1vCommercial contractno.:_
8、date:_the buyer:_cable address:_telex:_the seller:_cable address:_telex:_vThis contract is made by and between the buyer and the seller,whereby the buyer agrees to buy and the seller agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stated below:v商业合同合同号:_日期:_买方:_电报:_
9、电传:_卖方:_电报:_电传:_按本合同条款,买方同意购入、卖方同意出售下述货品,谨此签约。v(三)正文(Main Body):A.一般条款(General Terms and Conditions);B.特殊条款(Other Conditions)。v(1)商品名称:Name of Commodity:v(2)数 量:Quantity:v(3)单 价:Unit price:v(4)总 值:Total Value:v(5)包 装:Packing:v(6)生产国别:Country of Origin:v(7)支付条款:Terms of Payment:v(8)保 险:insurance:v(9)
10、装运期限:Time of Shipment:v(10)起 运 港:Port of Lading:v(11)目 的 港:Port of Destination:Case 2Case 2vClaims:v Within 45 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination,should the quality,Specifications or quantity be found not in conformity with the stipulations of the contract except those claims for
11、 which the insurance company or the owners of the vessel are liable,the Buyers shall,have the right on the strength of the inspection certificate issued by the C.C.I.C and the relative documents to claim for compensation to the Sellersv索赔:在货到目的口岸45天内如发现货物品质,规格和数量与合同不附,除属保险公司或船方责任外,买方有权凭中国商检出具的检验证书或有
12、关文件向卖方索赔换货或赔款Case 3Case 3v Force Majeure:v The sellers shall not be held responsible for the delay in shipment or non-deli-very of the goods due to Force Majeure,which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit.The sellers shall advise the Buyers immediate
13、ly of the occurrence mentioned above the within fourteen days there after.the Sellers shall send by airmail to the Buyers for their acceptancea certificate of the accident.Under such circumstances the Sellers,however,are still under the obligation to take all necessary measures to hasten the deliver
14、yof the goods.不可抗力:由于人力不可抗力的原由发生在制造,装载或运输的过程中导致卖方延期交货或不能交货者,卖方可免除责任,在不可抗力发生后,卖方须立即电告买方及在14天内以空邮方式向买方提供事故发生的证明文件,在上述情况下,卖方仍须负责采取措施尽快发货。Case 4Case 4v Arbitration:vAll disputes in connection with the execution of this Contract shall be settled friendly through negotiation.in case no settlement can be r
15、eached,the case then may be submitted for arbitration to the Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade in accordance with the Provisional Rules of Procedure promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission.the Arbitration committee shall be final and binding
16、upon both parties.and the Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing parties.仲裁:凡有关执行合同所发生的一切争议应通过友好协商解决,如协商不能解决,则将分歧提交中国国际贸易促进委员会按有关仲裁程序进行仲裁,仲裁将是终局的,双方均受其约束,仲裁费用由败诉方承担。v(四)结尾条款(WITNESS Clause):A.结尾 语;B.签 名(Signature);C.盖 印(Seal)。Final Clauses合同的结尾v合同的结尾,也称合同最后条款,写在合同的结尾部分。结尾条款主要应明确的内容有:合同使用的文字及其效
17、力(languages in which the contract is to be written and its validity)。除了明确使用的文字及其效力外,有时还应订立对合同进行修改或补充的内容。如果合同中订有附件,应在合同中另立一章列出附件的具体内容,并明确在合同的结尾部分规定附件为本合同不可分割的组成部分。v根据中华人民共和国合同法第32条规定:“当事人采用合同书形式订立合同的,自双方当事人签字或者盖章时合同成立”(If the parties enter into a contract in written formThe contract shall go into eff
18、ect when the parties sign or stamp it)。国际商务合同的成立一般是以签字为成立要件而不是以盖章为成立要件的。所以,在合同的结尾部分还应明确规定:合同在双方授权代表签字后正式生效。vTranslate the following into Chinese:2.2.合同英语的词汇特点及翻译要点2.合同英语的词汇特点及翻译要点v商务合同属于庄重文体,用词极其考究,具有特定性和严肃的风格。总体上看,合同的词汇特点体现在以下两大方面:v一、用词专业,具有法律意味(professional or legal)v二、用词正式、准确(formal and accurate)
19、v一、用词专业,具有法律意味(professional professional or or legallegal)v(一)根据不同的专业来确定词义。比如:v1)The premium rates vary with differed interests被保险的货物insured.2)If the buyer fails to pay any account when due,the buyer shall be liable to pay the seller overdue interest一方由于未能支付到期的应付款项而向另一方支付的利息on such unpaid amount fro
20、m the due date until the actual date of payment at the rate of five percent per annum,such overdue interest shall be paid upon demand of the seller.3)The articles of our immediate interest对什么产品、品牌感兴趣are your “CHON-HOI”brand Agricultural Washing Machines.v以上三句均含有“interest”一词,但是由于行业背景的不同,其意义也大相径庭。第一句出
21、自保险业,意思是“被保险的货物”;第二句源于国际贸易,意思是“一方由于未能支付到期的应付款项而向另一方支付的利息”;而第三句属于营销业,此时的interest则应译成“对什么产品、品牌感兴趣”。由此可见,在合同翻译过程中,要特别注意专业性的问题。第二节 合同英语的词汇特点及翻译要点v一、用词专业,具有法律意味(professional or legalprofessional or legal)v(二)注意合同本身的术语(二)注意合同本身的术语v 合同自身也有大量具有法律特性的合同术语。比如,“权 利 和 义 务”(rights and obligations)、“仲 裁”(arbitrati
22、on)、“终 止”(termination)、“不 可 抗 力”(force majeure)、“管辖”(jurisdiction)等。这些专业或法律术语的语义相对固定单一,通常无法用其他词语代替,任何人在任何情况下都必须对它们作同一解释。所以在翻译的过程中,译者要对这些词语在一般文体中和法律文体中的意义进行区分。例如:(二)注意合同本身的术语v请再看以下几例:v4 4)Contractor Contractor shall shall assure assure full full responsibility responsibility for for the the entire en
23、tire project project work work until until its its acceptance.acceptance.(初始译文:在项目接收之前,承包方应对工程承担全部责任。)v5 5)Full Full set set clean clean on on board board marine marine Bill Bill of of Lading Lading issued issued to to the the order order ofof the the shipper shipper and and blank blank endorsed.end
24、orsed.(初始译文:承运人签发的全套整洁、已装船的海运提单,空白背书。)v6 6)The The payment payment shall shall be be made made by by confirmedconfirmed.irrevocable irrevocable and and documentarydocumentary L LC.C.(初始译文:付款方式为经确认的、不可撤销的、书面信用证。)v在以上三句中,acceptance、clean、to the order of、confirmed和documentary的翻译均未能完全真实表示合同意思,这些词的中文完整意思
25、分别是“验收”、“清洁”、“以为抬头”、“保兑的”和“跟单”。由以上各例可见,由于对商务合同中专业词汇的错误理解和翻译,从而传达了一种错误信息从而可能引发法律纠纷。第二节 合同英语的词汇特点及翻译要点v一、用词专业,具有法律意味(professional or professional or legallegal)v(三)注意一些以herehere、therethere或wherewhere等作前缀的副词。v这些虚词的使用使得句子简练、严谨,从而显示出该类语言正规、严肃、权威等文体特征。一个简单的理解方法是:herehere代表thisthis,即“本文件(合同,协定等);there);the
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