合同文本.pptx

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1、无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布汉英翻译教程汉英翻译教程华桥外国语学院华桥外国语学院应用英语学院应用英语学院商务合同翻译商务合同翻译 I.商务合同的种类商务合同的种类按格式繁简的不同，分为按格式繁简的不同，分为n n正式合同Contractn n协议书Agreementn n确议书Confirmationn n备忘录Memorandumn n意向书Letterofintent中文的合同开头一般先罗列当事人的名称、姓名、住所或中文的合同开头一般先罗列当事人的名称、姓名、住所或中文的合同开头一般先罗列当事人的名称、姓名、住所或中文的合同开头一般先罗列当事人的名称、姓名、住所或营业场所，然后是合

2、同正文，结尾是当事人印章、授权代营业场所，然后是合同正文，结尾是当事人印章、授权代营业场所，然后是合同正文，结尾是当事人印章、授权代营业场所，然后是合同正文，结尾是当事人印章、授权代表签字、职务及日期。表签字、职务及日期。表签字、职务及日期。表签字、职务及日期。英文合同一般以下面这类句式开头：英文合同一般以下面这类句式开头：英文合同一般以下面这类句式开头：英文合同一般以下面这类句式开头：ThisCONTRACTismadethis_dayThisCONTRACTismadethis_dayof_inof_in(place of signature)place of signature)byan

3、dbetweenbyandbetween(name of one party),(name of one party),acorporationdulyorganizedandacorporationdulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsofexistingunderthelawsof(name of the country)(name of the country)withwithitsdomicileatitsdomicileat(address)(address)(hereinafterreferredtoas(hereinafterreferredto

4、asPartyA)andPartyA)and(name of the other party)(name of the other party)acorporationacorporationdulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsofdulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsof(name of(name of the country)the country)withitsdomicileatwithitsdomicileat(address)(address)(hereinafter,referredtoasPartyB).(h

5、ereinafter,referredtoasPartyB).II 商务合同的结构商务合同的结构 然后是然后是然后是然后是WHEREASTHEREFOREWHEREASTHEREFORE.Itisherebyagreedasfollows.Itisherebyagreedasfollows或或WITNESSETH,WHEREAS.WITNESSETH,WHEREAS.NOWTHEREFORE,forandinconsiderationofthemutualNOWTHEREFORE,forandinconsiderationofthemutualcovenantsandagreementscon

6、tainedherein,thepartiesherebycovenantsandagreementscontainedherein,thepartiesherebycovenantandagreeasfollows.covenantandagreeasfollows.接着是正文接着是正文接着是正文接着是正文 最后是证明部分：最后是证明部分：最后是证明部分：最后是证明部分：INWITNESSWHEREOFINWITNESSWHEREOF，thepartiesheretohavehereuntosetthepartiesheretohavehereuntosettheirhandsthedaya

7、ndyearsfirstabovewritten.theirhandsthedayandyearsfirstabovewritten.（双方于文首日期双方于文首日期签署本协议，特此为证）签署本协议，特此为证）随后还包括当事人和见证人的签字。随后还包括当事人和见证人的签字。随后还包括当事人和见证人的签字。随后还包括当事人和见证人的签字。1.1.合同名称合同名称合同名称合同名称(Title)(Title)如如 SalesContract,TechnologyTransferAgreement,SalesContract,TechnologyTransferAgreement,SharePurcha

8、seAgreementSharePurchaseAgreement2.2.前文（前言）前文（前言）前文（前言）前文（前言）(Preamble)(Preamble)1)Date&placeofsigning1)Date&placeofsigning2)Signingparties,nationalitiesandprincipalplaceof2)Signingparties,nationalitiesandprincipalplaceofbusinessorresidenceaddressbusinessorresidenceaddress3)Eachpartysauthority(3)Eac

9、hpartysauthority(当事人的合法依据）当事人的合法依据）如：如：acompanydulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsof.acompanydulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsof.商务合同的具体构成商务合同的具体构成 部分部分4)RecitalsorWHEREASclause(4)RecitalsorWHEREASclause(定约缘由）定约缘由）WHEREAS,Sellerisengagedindealingof(product)anddesiresWHEREAS,Sellerisengagedindeal

10、ingof(product)anddesirestosell(product)toBuyer,tosell(product)toBuyer,WHEREAS,Buyerdesirestopurchase(product)fromSellers,WHEREAS,Buyerdesirestopurchase(product)fromSellers,Now,THEREFORE,itisagreedasfollows:Now,THEREFORE,itisagreedasfollows:WhereasPartyAiswillingtoemployPartyBandPartyBagreesWhereasPa

11、rtyAiswillingtoemployPartyBandPartyBagreestodoasPartyAsengineerinBeijing,itisherebyagreesastodoasPartyAsengineerinBeijing,itisherebyagreesasfollows.follows.鉴于甲方愿聘请乙方鉴于甲方愿聘请乙方,乙方同意应聘为甲方在北京的工程师乙方同意应聘为甲方在北京的工程师,双方协议如双方协议如下下:InconsiderationofthemutualcovenantsandagreementhereinInconsiderationofthemutual

12、covenantsandagreementhereincontained,thepartiesagreeasfollows.contained,thepartiesagreeasfollows.双方考虑到在此提出的契约和协议双方考虑到在此提出的契约和协议,同意如下条款同意如下条款.3.3.正文正文（Body)定义条款定义条款（Definitionclause)Definitionclause)基本条款（基本条款（Basicconditions)Basicconditions)一般条款（一般条款（Generaltermsandconditions)Generaltermsandcondition

13、s)a.a.合同有效期限合同有效期限（Duration)Duration)b.b.终止终止(Termination)(Termination)c.c.不可抗力不可抗力（ForceMajeure)ForceMajeure)d.d.合同的让与合同的让与（Assignment)Assignment)e.e.仲裁仲裁（Arbitration)Arbitration)f.f.适用法律适用法律（Governinglaw)Governinglaw)g.g.诉讼管辖诉讼管辖（Jurisdiction)Jurisdiction)h.h.通知手续通知手续（Notice)Notice)i.i.合同的修改合同的修改（

14、Amendment)Amendment)j.j.其他其他（Others)Others)4.结尾条款（Witnessclause)结尾语包括合同的分数、使用的文字和效力等（Concludingsentence)，有时还包括对合同进行修改或补充的内容和附件。签名（Signature)盖印（Seal)III 合同翻译原则合同翻译原则n n准确严谨准确严谨首先是用词的准确性。如：首先是用词的准确性。如：ShippingadviceShippingadvice和和shippinginstructionshippinginstruction表面上表面上 差不差不多，但前者是多，但前者是“装运通知装运通知”

15、，后者是，后者是“装运指示装运指示”。n n 符合规范符合规范译文必须要体现法律语言的特点和契约文体的特译文必须要体现法律语言的特点和契约文体的特点。（略）点。（略）1多使用正式或法律上的用词（formal&professional）试比较下列用词试比较下列用词n nterminateterminate,stop,stopn ncommencecommence,begin,beginn nbe deemed tobe deemed to,beregardedas,beregardedasn nin lieu of,in lieu of,inplaceofinplaceofn nprior to

16、,prior to,beforebeforen nwhatsoever,whatsoever,whateverwhatevern ncommencement,commencement,start/beginstart/begin；n ncease to docease to do，stoptodostoptodo；IV.英文合同的语言特色英文合同的语言特色n nby virtue of/due toby virtue of/due tobecauseofbecauseof；n nat the close of the fiscal yearat the close of the fiscal

17、year，intheendofthefiscalintheendofthefiscalyearyear；n nas regards/concerning,relating toas regards/concerning,relating to，aboutabout；n nin effectin effect，infactinfact；n nThe meeting shall be convened and presided by sbThe meeting shall be convened and presided by sb.n nholdhold或或callcall，convenecon

18、vene；n nmiscellaneousmiscellaneous,othermatters/events,othermatters/events；n nconstrue a contract,comprehend a contractconstrue a contract,comprehend a contract，n nunderstandacontract;understandacontract;n ndeemdeem，considerconsider，think/believethink/believe；1 1）AttherequestofPartyB,PartyAagreestos

19、endtechniciansAttherequestofPartyB,PartyAagreestosendtechnicianstotoassistassistPartyBtoinstalltheequipment.PartyBtoinstalltheequipment.应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术员帮助乙方安装设备应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术员帮助乙方安装设备(help)(help)2 2）PartyAshallPartyAshallrepatriaterepatriatethepatienttoChinaandbearthecostthepatienttoChinaandbeartheco

20、stofhispassagetoBeijing.ofhispassagetoBeijing.甲方应将病人遣返中国，负责病人回到北京的旅费。甲方应将病人遣返中国，负责病人回到北京的旅费。（sendback)sendback)3)Theterm“Effectivedate”meansthedateonwhichthis3)Theterm“Effectivedate”meansthedateonwhichthisAgreementisdulyAgreementisdulyexecutedexecutedbythepartieshereto.bythepartieshereto.“生效日生效日”的意思

21、是指本协议经订约双方签字的日子。的意思是指本协议经订约双方签字的日子。（signedsigned）n n注意合同本身的法律术语词汇和一般用语的区别：注意合同本身的法律术语词汇和一般用语的区别：examplesexamples一般文本含义一般文本含义法律文本含义法律文本含义ActionAction行动行动措施或诉讼措施或诉讼LimitationLimitation限制限制时效时效PrejudicePrejudice偏见偏见损害损害RoyaltiesRoyalties皇室、王权皇室、王权特许权使用费；版税特许权使用费；版税NegligenceNegligence疏忽疏忽过失过失AvoidanceA

22、voidance逃避逃避宣告无效宣告无效SatisfactionSatisfaction满意满意清偿、补偿清偿、补偿gracegrace优雅优雅宽限期宽限期22用语力求准确、明白、严密PartyAshallsendtechniciansPartyAshallsendtechnicians atPartyBsexpenseatPartyBsexpense totrainPartytotrainParty BspersonnelBspersonnel withinwithin 30daysaftersigningtheContract30daysaftersigningtheContract.甲方

23、应于签约后三十天内派遣技术员培训乙方的人员，有关甲方应于签约后三十天内派遣技术员培训乙方的人员，有关费用由乙方承担费用由乙方承担。ThisContractcanonlybeThisContractcanonlybe altered,amendedorsupplementedaltered,amendedorsupplementedininaccordancewithdocumentssignedandsealedbyaccordancewithdocumentssignedandsealedby authorizedauthorizedrepresentativesrepresentative

24、s ofbothparties.ofbothparties.本合同的变更、修改和补充应按双方授权代表签名盖章的文本合同的变更、修改和补充应按双方授权代表签名盖章的文件，才能进行。件，才能进行。3多使用老式词汇 把把here,there,wherehere,there,where加后缀加后缀(after,by,in,of,on,to,under,upon,(after,by,in,of,on,to,under,upon,orwithafterhere,there,orwhere)orwithafterhere,there,orwhere)hereafterhereafterafterthisti

25、me;inthefutureafterthistime;inthefuture今后今后herebyherebybymeansofbymeansof兹兹hereinhereininthisinthis此中，于此此中，于此hereinafterhereinafterlaterinthiscontractlaterinthiscontracthereinbeforehereinbeforeinaprecedingpartofthiscontractinaprecedingpartofthiscontracthereofhereofofthisofthisheretoheretotothistothi

26、sherebeforeherebeforeuntilnowuntilnowhereunderhereunderunderthisunderthishereuponhereuponatthispoint;inconsequenceofthisatthispoint;inconsequenceofthisherewithherewithwiththiswiththisn nthereafter thereafter afterwardsafterwardsthereby thereby bythatmeans;inthatconnectionbythatmeans;inthatconnection

27、therefrom therefrom fromthatfromthattherein therein inthat;inthatparticularinthat;inthatparticularthereinafter thereinafter laterinthesamecontractlaterinthesamecontractthereinbeforethereinbefore inaprecedingpartofthesamecontractinaprecedingpartofthesamecontractthereonthereon onthatonthatthereof ther

28、eof ofthat;fromthatsourceofthat;fromthatsourcethereto thereto tothattothatthereunderthereunder=underthat=underthatthereupon thereupon then;astheresultofthatthen;astheresultofthattherewith therewith with that or it with that or it whereas=whereas=consideringthat;butconsideringthat;but鉴于鉴于 whereby whe

29、reby=bywhat;bywhich=bywhat;bywhichwhereinwherein=inwhat;inwhich=inwhat;inwhichwhereofwhereof=ofwhat;ofwhich=ofwhat;ofwhichwhereonwhereon=onwhat;onwhich=onwhat;onwhich关于那，在其上关于那，在其上InconfirmationInconfirmationhereofhereofweattachabankstatement.weattachabankstatement.为作这方面的确认我们附上银行结单。为作这方面的确认我们附上银行结单。

30、ThecorrespondenceattachedThecorrespondenceattachedheretoheretoformpartoftheContract.formpartoftheContract.合同文件以及其来往文件均应被视为本合同的一部份。合同文件以及其来往文件均应被视为本合同的一部份。AlloftheobligationsoftheGuarantorAlloftheobligationsoftheGuarantorhereundehereunder rshallbejointshallbejointandseveral.andseveral.担保人在本担保书项下承担的所有

31、义务均应是连带的。担保人在本担保书项下承担的所有义务均应是连带的。LossescausedasaresultLossescausedasaresultthereofthereofshallbebornebytheviolator.shallbebornebytheviolator.由此而造成的损失，由违反者承担。（由此而造成的损失，由违反者承担。（belongingtothatbelongingtothat）Inconcludingacontract,thepartiesInconcludingacontract,thepartiestheretotheretoshallimplementth

32、eshallimplementtheprincipleofgoodfaith.principleofgoodfaith.（tothattothat）当事人订立合同，应执行诚实信用原则。当事人订立合同，应执行诚实信用原则。InwitnessInwitnesswhereofwhereof,Isetmyhand.,Isetmyhand.我作为证人签字。我作为证人签字。TheundersignedherebyagreesthatthenewproductsTheundersignedherebyagreesthatthenewproductswheretowheretothisthistradenam

33、eismoreappropriatearemadeinChina.tradenameismoreappropriatearemadeinChina.下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。4多用并列的同义词n nanyandallanyandall全部全部n ntermsandconditionstermsandconditions条件条件n nnullandvoidnullandvoid无效无效n nfreeandclearoffreeandclearof无无n ncostandexpensescostandexpenses各种费用

34、各种费用n nrightsandinterestsrightsandinterests权益权益n nableandwillingableandwilling能够并愿意能够并愿意n ncovenantsandagreementscovenantsandagreements合同、协议合同、协议n nanyduties,obligationsorliabilitiesanyduties,obligationsorliabilities所有责任所有责任n napplicablelaws,regulations,decrees,directives,andapplicablelaws,regulatio

35、ns,decrees,directives,andrulesrules适用法律法规适用法律法规ThisAgreementmadeandenteredintobyandbetweenABCCo.andXYZCo.ABC公司和XYZ公司双方签订本协议。Alldocuments,letters,telegramsandtelexesinterchangedbetweenbothpartiesbeforethesigningoftheContractshallbecomenullandvoidautomaticallyfromthedateonwhichtheContractcomesintoforc

36、e.双方在签约前交换的所有文件、书信、电报和电传，应从本合同生效之日开始自动失效。ThepartieshaveagreedtovarytheManagementonthetermsandsubjecttotheconditionscontainedherein.(都表示“依照本协议的条款规定”。)5 多用拉丁词(loan words)比例税率：用pro rate tax rate（要比proportional tax rate多）从事慈善性服务的律师：pro bono lawyer，（不怎么用lawyer engaged in charitable legal assistance）委托代理人

37、：agent ad litem。善意 bona fide（good faith）反之亦然 vice versa单方的 ex parte（from one side）不可抗力 force majeure代替 in lieu of(instead of)事实上 de facto 不在现场的证明 alibi按比例的 pro rata6多用情态动词shall,should,may,willn n在合同中用这些词时要极其谨慎。权利义务的约见定部分在合同中用这些词时要极其谨慎。权利义务的约见定部分构成了合同的主体，这几个词如选用不当，可能会引起纠构成了合同的主体，这几个词如选用不当，可能会引起纠纷。纷。n

38、 nShallShall约定当事人的义务（应当做什么时候），英语法律约定当事人的义务（应当做什么时候），英语法律条文中，表示强制性的条文中，表示强制性的“必须必须”的语义时，要用的语义时，要用shallshall，而，而不是不是shouldshould.n nmaymay旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什么）旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什么）n nmustmust用于强制性义务（必须做什么）用于强制性义务（必须做什么）.n nmaynot(maynot(或或shallnot)shallnot)用于禁止性义务（不得做什么）。用于禁止性义务（不得做什么）。n nThepartiesheretoThep

39、artiesheretoshallshall,firstofall,settleanydisputearising,firstofall,settleanydisputearisingfromorinconnectionwiththecontractbyfriendlyfromorinconnectionwiththecontractbyfriendlynegotiations.negotiations.ShouldShouldsuchnegotiationsfail,suchdisputesuchnegotiationsfail,suchdisputemaymay bereferredtot

40、hePeoplesCourthavingjurisdictiononsuchbereferredtothePeoplesCourthavingjurisdictiononsuchdisputeforsettlementintheabsenceofanyarbitrationclausedisputeforsettlementintheabsenceofanyarbitrationclauseinthedisputedcontractorindefaultofagreementreachedafterinthedisputedcontractorindefaultofagreementreach

41、edaftersuchdisputeoccurs.suchdisputeoccurs.n n双方首先应通过友好协商，解决因合同而发生的或与合同双方首先应通过友好协商，解决因合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议。如果协商未果，合同中又无仲裁条款约定或有关的争议。如果协商未果，合同中又无仲裁条款约定或争议发生后未就仲裁达成协议的，可将争议提交有管辖权争议发生后未就仲裁达成协议的，可将争议提交有管辖权的人民法院解决。的人民法院解决。n nItisherebyagreedthatPartyBItisherebyagreedthatPartyBshallshallhavenoobligationtopayha

42、venoobligationtopayforthecostsofsuchtraining,otherthantopayfortheirforthecostsofsuchtraining,otherthantopayfortheirtravelingexpensestoandfromUSAandtheirsalaries.travelingexpensestoandfromUSAandtheirsalaries.n n双方特此协议双方特此协议,乙方除支付受训人员赴美国的往返旅费及乙方除支付受训人员赴美国的往返旅费及其薪金外，不负担此类培训费用其薪金外，不负担此类培训费用.7 7经常用一些特殊的表

43、达方式经常用一些特殊的表达方式一些在普通英语中很少出现的连词经常在合同中出现。如一些在普通英语中很少出现的连词经常在合同中出现。如:Notwithstanding,provided that,subject to,for the purpose of,in respect of,in respect thereof,in the event of,in the event that,including but not limited to,unless and until,if and only if,unless otherwise,where in the case,until other

44、wise,otherwise or,be liable to,in Testimony whereof,in Witness whereof Theworksshallbemeasured,Theworksshallbemeasured,notwithstandingnotwithstandinganygeneraloranygeneralorlocalcustom,exceptlocalcustom,exceptwhereotherwisewhereotherwisespecificallydescribedspecificallydescribedorprescribedintheCont

45、ract.orprescribedintheContract.除合同另有规定外，即使有一般或当地习惯，工程也应除合同另有规定外，即使有一般或当地习惯，工程也应当被计算。当被计算。InstructiongivenbytheEngineershallbeinwriting,InstructiongivenbytheEngineershallbeinwriting,providedthatprovidedthatifforanyreasontheEngineerconsideritifforanyreasontheEngineerconsideritnecessarytogiveanysuchins

46、truction.necessarytogiveanysuchinstruction.若工程师认为由于某种原因有必要发出任何指示，工程若工程师认为由于某种原因有必要发出任何指示，工程师应以书面形式发出此类指示。师应以书面形式发出此类指示。SubjecttoSubjecttotheClause17,novariationinormodificationoftheClause17,novariationinormodificationofthetermstotheContractshallbemadeexceptbywrittenthetermstotheContractshallbemadeex

47、ceptbywrittenamendmentsignedbytheparties.amendmentsignedbytheparties.根据第根据第1717条规定，合同的任何变更或修改，必须以双方条规定，合同的任何变更或修改，必须以双方签订的修改文本为准。签订的修改文本为准。合同英语句法特点：结构严谨，句式较长，从句等附加成分多，但位置明结构严谨，句式较长，从句等附加成分多，但位置明显，对主句意义进行解释、限制和补充。主要是为显，对主句意义进行解释、限制和补充。主要是为了体现庄严，另外为了避免歧义和引发争端。了体现庄严，另外为了避免歧义和引发争端。例如：例如：n n货物抵达目的港货物抵达目的

48、港1515天内，买方可以凭有信誉的公共天内，买方可以凭有信誉的公共 检验员出示的检验证明向卖方提出短重索赔。检验员出示的检验证明向卖方提出短重索赔。n nTheBuyersmayTheBuyersmay，within15daysafterarrivalofthewithin15daysafterarrivalofthegoodsatthedestinationgoodsatthedestination，lodgeaclaimagainstthelodgeaclaimagainstthesellersforshort-weightbeingsupportedbyInspectionsellers

49、forshort-weightbeingsupportedbyInspectionCertificateissuedbyareputablepublicsurveyor.Certificateissuedbyareputablepublicsurveyor.n n买方须于本合同签字并生效后买方须于本合同签字并生效后3030天内通过出口地银天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为受益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部行开立以卖方为受益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计货款计3000030000美元。美元。n nWithin30daysafterthesigningandcomingintoeffectWithin3

50、0daysafterthesigningandcomingintoeffectofthiscontractofthiscontract，theBuyershallproceedtopaythetheBuyershallproceedtopaythepriceforthegoodstotheSellerbyopeninganpriceforthegoodstotheSellerbyopeninganirrevocableL/CforthefullamountofUSD30irrevocableL/CforthefullamountofUSD30，000in000infavoroftheSelle