(1.1)--Chapter 1 introduction粮油食品工艺学.pdf

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1、Main contentIntroductionProcessing of paddy into riceProcessing of wheat flour productsProcessing of oilStarch and starch sugarVegetable protein and soybean productThe industry of grain and oil processing is animportant industry that concerns national economyand peoples livelihood;It is also closely

2、 related to the industries such as cropcultivation,breeding,food and fodder,etc.粮食加工业与种植业粮食加工业与种植业、养殖业养殖业、食品工业和食品工业和饲料工业饲料工业等紧密关联等紧密关联，是关系国计民生的重要产业是关系国计民生的重要产业。Grainandoilprocessingmainlyreferstotheindustrialized processing of the raw material of grainand oil crops into semi-finished products,finish

3、edproducts,grain and oil foodstuff,and other products.粮油加工主要是指对粮油原料进行工业化处理粮油加工主要是指对粮油原料进行工业化处理，制成制成半成品半成品、成品成品、粮油食品粮油食品以及其他产品的过程以及其他产品的过程。Grain and oil processing mainly refers to the industrializedprocessing of the raw material of grain and oil crops tomanufacture semi-finished products,finished pr

4、oducts,grain and oil foodstuff,and other products.粮油加工主要是指对粮油原料进行工业化处理粮油加工主要是指对粮油原料进行工业化处理，制成制成半成半成品品、成品成品、粮油食品粮油食品以及其他产品的过程以及其他产品的过程。Processing of rice,wheat,corn,soybean,oilseed,cereals,tuberProcessing of by-productsintegrated equipmentstest equipments1.Category of grain and oil processing粮油加工的范畴粮

5、油加工的范畴Accordingtothelengthofindustrychain,theprocessing of grain and oil crops includes:deep processing(深加工深加工)fine processing(精加工精加工)primary processing(初加工初加工)1.1 Preliminary processing of grain and oil粮油初加工粮油初加工Thepreliminaryprocessingofgrainandoilisthepreliminary processing of raw grain and oil m

6、aterials.粮油初加工就是对原粮粮油初加工就是对原粮、油料直接进行的初步加工油料直接进行的初步加工。1.1 Preliminary processing of grain and oil粮油初加工粮油初加工Thepreliminaryprocessingofgrainandoilisthepreliminary processing of raw grain and oil materials.粮油初加工就是对原粮粮油初加工就是对原粮、油料直接进行的初步加工油料直接进行的初步加工。Mainly by physical methods:Millingand pulverization（粉碎

7、）（粉碎）Oil extraction byhard-pressingsolvent-extraction water substitution1.2 Fine processing of grain and oil粮油的精加工粮油的精加工The constant improvement of science and technology,andpeoples living standard;Material-based and technology support have become readyfor the gradual transition of grain and oil pro

8、cessing frompreliminary to fine and deep processing.科学技术的日趋提高和人民生活水平的改善科学技术的日趋提高和人民生活水平的改善，为粮油加工为粮油加工逐步从初加工向精加工和深加工转变提供了物质基础和技逐步从初加工向精加工和深加工转变提供了物质基础和技术支撑术支撑。The fine processing of grain and oil is merely a process ofphysical changes in the preliminary processed grain and oilproducts.粮油精加工是使原粮或油料初加工

9、产品发生物理变化的加粮油精加工是使原粮或油料初加工产品发生物理变化的加工工。The concept mainly refers to the improved purity andrefinement of the products.提高产品纯度和精度的加工提高产品纯度和精度的加工。Purity refers to compliance with quality and hygiene standard;Refinement applies to refined white rice,refined flour andrefined oil,etc.1.3 Deep processing of

10、 grain and oil粮油深加工粮油深加工The deep processing of grain and oil is also known as multi-layer processing,which includes:various types of grain and oil processingthe integrated utilization of by-products from grain and oilcrops多层次加工多层次加工，包括粮油及粮油副产品综合利用的各类加工包括粮油及粮油副产品综合利用的各类加工。Deep processingfoodFodder（饲料

11、）（饲料）pharmaceuticalChemistry chemical changesthe original form changed completely2.Introduction to the development of grain and oil processing粮油加工发展的现状粮油加工发展的现状The development pace of Chinas grain and oil processingsynchronized with the agricultural development of China.The history of wheat farming

12、in China traces back to theNeolithic Age;中国小麦的种植历史要追溯到新石器时代中国小麦的种植历史要追溯到新石器时代The history of Chinas rice fanning traces back to 6000 yearsago.中国栽培水稻的历史可以追溯到中国栽培水稻的历史可以追溯到6000多年前多年前pestle and mortar（杵臼）（杵臼）stone mortars（石臼）（石臼）edge runner（碾子）（碾子）stone mills（石磨）（石磨）Neolithic Age（新石器时代）（新石器时代）中国的粮食加工一直沿

13、中国的粮食加工一直沿用竹、泥制的砻，杵和用竹、泥制的砻，杵和臼，碾子臼，碾子,石磨和手筛等石磨和手筛等工具。工具。NeolithicAge（新石器时代新石器时代）Jin Dynastystone mills for pulverization石磨制粉石磨制粉NeolithicAge（新石器时代新石器时代）Jin Dynastythe end of 19th centurypowered mechanical pulverization动力机械制粉动力机械制粉NeolithicAge（新石器时代新石器时代）Jin Dynastythe end of 19th centuryIn the begi

14、nning of the 20th centurysteel roller mill（钢辊磨钢辊磨）multi-channel pulverization（多道制粉多道制粉）sand roll grain huller（砂辊砻谷机砂辊砻谷机）steel-roller grain miller（铁辊筒碾米机铁辊筒碾米机）NeolithicAge（新石器时代新石器时代）Jin Dynastythe end of 19th centuryIn the beginning of the 20th centuryYet,the grain and oil processing plants were s

15、mall inscale with simple and crude machinery.a series of new technologiesThe new pulverization technologyde-bran wheat（剥皮制粉剥皮制粉）layered milling technology（分层碾磨分层碾磨）the standardsfor nine kinds of tailored flour used in food（专用粉专用粉）Inventionclean rice（免淘洗米免淘洗米）nutrition enriched rice（营养强化米营养强化米）new te

16、chnologies in the rice processing industrybrown rice handling（糙米调质糙米调质）white rice polishing（白米抛光白米抛光）compound rice processing（配制米配制米）In recent years,the domestic manufacture scale,technologyandequipment,productgrade,andcorporationmanagement,has been constantly upgrading.近年来近年来，我国粮油加工业在生产规模我国粮油加工业在生产

17、规模、技术装备技术装备、产品档产品档次和企业管理等方面不断迈上新台阶次和企业管理等方面不断迈上新台阶。In the recent years,the domestic manufacture scale,technology and equipment,product grade,and corporationmanagement,has been constantly upgrading.Modernized,large and medium processing corporations forgrain and oil have taken over the traditional sm

18、allcompanies and taken the dominant role in the industry.现代化的大中型粮油加工企业已经取代过去的小企业而占现代化的大中型粮油加工企业已经取代过去的小企业而占据主导地位据主导地位。Intherecentyears,thedomesticmanufacturescale,technology and equipment,product grade,and corporationmanagement,has been constantly upgrading.Modernized large and medium grain and oil

19、processingcorporations have taken over the traditional small companiesand taken the dominant role in the industry.A number of large scaled plants for rice,wheat and oilprocessing are set up with technology of internationaladvanced level and daily processing capacity of over 1000 ton.建立了一批生产技术达到国际先进水

20、平建立了一批生产技术达到国际先进水平、日加工能力在日加工能力在1000t以上的大型米以上的大型米、面面、油加工厂油加工厂。There has been significant improvement in the grade,varieties and packaging of the products.产品档次产品档次、花色品种和包装有了明显改善和提高花色品种和包装有了明显改善和提高。There has been significant improvement in the grade,varieties and packaging of the products.Refined rice,

21、flour,and oil products in various smallpackage has replaced the standard second-grade rice,standard flour and fourth grade oil in bulk or largepackage in the market.各种小包装的精制米各种小包装的精制米、面面、油产品取代了散装或大包装的油产品取代了散装或大包装的标准二等米标准二等米、标准粉和四级油标准粉和四级油，成为市场的主体成为市场的主体。There has been significant improvement in the

22、grade,varieties and packaging of the products.Refined rice,flour,and oil products in various smallpackage has replaced the standard second-grade rice,standard flour and fourth grade oil in bulk or largepackage in the market.Rich product varieties could meet the diversified demandsof various consumin

23、g class.花色品种丰富花色品种丰富，满足了不同消费层次的需求满足了不同消费层次的需求。Instant Noodle 70s,200t 80s,700,000t 90s,7,000,000t 21s，10,000,000t国内大型的粮油公司中国粮油食品（集团）有限公司中国粮油食品（集团）有限公司是中国最大的进出口公司之一是中国最大的进出口公司之一，从事农产品和食品进从事农产品和食品进出口贸易历史最悠久出口贸易历史最悠久、实力最雄厚的中国企业实力最雄厚的中国企业。在葡萄酒在葡萄酒、精炼食用油精炼食用油、面粉面粉、啤酒麦芽啤酒麦芽、番茄制品番茄制品（德隆德隆）、印铁制罐印铁制罐、金属瓶盖等行业

24、居中国领先地金属瓶盖等行业居中国领先地位位。“长城长城”葡萄酒葡萄酒“福临门福临门”食用油食用油“金帝金帝”巧克力巧克力“黄中皇黄中皇”绍兴酒绍兴酒香雪面粉香雪面粉五谷道场方便面五谷道场方便面Corporation NameCorporation NameHead Head OfficeOffice总部总部Main Main BusinessBusiness主要业务主要业务Business Business Revenue(million USD)Revenue(million USD)营业收入营业收入雀巢雀巢瑞士瑞士食品食品74,658.6,74,658.6,联合利华联合利华英国英国/荷兰荷

25、兰食品食品49,580.849,580.8阿彻丹尼尔斯米德兰阿彻丹尼尔斯米德兰ADMADM美国美国食品食品39,943.839,943.8百事百事美国美国食品食品32,562.032,562.0达能集团达能集团法国法国食品食品16,455.316,455.3国外大型粮油公司（世界国外大型粮油公司（世界500500强）强）覆盖了一系列按照国际质量标准制造的产品覆盖了一系列按照国际质量标准制造的产品包括奶粉包括奶粉、液体奶液体奶、酸奶酸奶、婴儿配方奶粉婴儿配方奶粉、婴儿米婴儿米/麦麦粉粉、甜炼乳甜炼乳、成长奶粉成长奶粉早餐谷物早餐谷物速溶咖啡速溶咖啡、咖啡伴侣咖啡伴侣（植脂末植脂末）冰淇淋冰淇淋、

26、巧克力巧克力、糖果糖果瓶装水瓶装水、饮品饮品鸡精和调味品鸡精和调味品雀巢公司雀巢公司/Nestle/Nestle 联合利华联合利华/Unilever联合利华食品联合利华食品（中国中国）有限公司有限公司主要品牌包括家乐和立顿主要品牌包括家乐和立顿。生产家乐牌鸡精生产家乐牌鸡精、鸡粉鸡粉、速食汤料速食汤料、色拉酱色拉酱、花生酱；花生酱；立顿红茶立顿红茶、绿茶绿茶，茉莉花茶等；茉莉花茶等；冰淇淋冰淇淋，和路雪和路雪（中国中国）有限公司有限公司，联合利华独资企业联合利华独资企业，生产梦龙生产梦龙、百乐宝百乐宝、可丽波可丽波、可爱多等和路雪冰淇淋可爱多等和路雪冰淇淋。十九世纪中期成立十九世纪中期成立,总

27、部位于伊利诺依州迪克特市总部位于伊利诺依州迪克特市。拥有粮食加工拥有粮食加工、贮运和全球贸易的大型国际集团贮运和全球贸易的大型国际集团。在大豆在大豆、玉米玉米、小麦和可可综合加工方面小麦和可可综合加工方面，名列世界名列世界首位首位。美国美国ADMADM公司公司百事公司（百事公司（Pepsico.Pepsico.，Inc.Inc.）世界上最成功的消费品公司之一世界上最成功的消费品公司之一在全球在全球200200多个国家和地区拥有多个国家和地区拥有1414万雇员万雇员全球第四大食品和饮料公司全球第四大食品和饮料公司。百事公司的前身百事可乐公司创建于百事公司的前身百事可乐公司创建于18981898年

28、年。19651965年年，与世界休闲食品最大的制造与销售商菲与世界休闲食品最大的制造与销售商菲多利多利（FritoFrito-laylay）公司合并公司合并，组成百事公司组成百事公司。Group DANONE Group DANONE Major Brands Fresh Dairy Products:Danone,Actimel,Activia(Bioin France),Danonino(Petit Gervais fruit flavour)andVitalin a(Taillefine,Vitasnella or Ser in certaincountries)Bottled Wate

29、rs:Evian,Volvic,Wahaha,AquaBiscuits and Cereal Products:LUInfant or baby food：Dumex 卡夫食品有限公司（卡夫食品有限公司（Kraft Foods）四大粮商-A B C D当今掌握全球粮食运销的是4家跨国公司；四家世界五百强企业，即美国ADM、美国邦吉(Bunge)、美国嘉吉(Cargill)、法国路易达孚(LouisDreyfus)，业内称之为四大粮商。3.Main contents of grain and oil processing粮油加工的主要内容粮油加工的主要内容According to the pro

30、perties of processed product,grain andoil processing includes:grain milling and pulverization processing粮食的碾磨加工粮食的碾磨加工oil processing油脂加工油脂加工starch and starch sugar processing淀粉及淀粉糖加工淀粉及淀粉糖加工Vegetable protein and soybean products processing植物蛋白和豆制品的加工植物蛋白和豆制品的加工Paddy into rice稻谷制米及米制品加工稻谷制米及米制品加工Rice

31、 milling制米制米Parboiled rice蒸谷米蒸谷米Embryo rice留胚米留胚米enriched rice营养强化米营养强化米Rice noodle米粉米粉Rice wine米酒米酒by-products副产物副产物Primary processingdeep processingRice-bran米糠米糠Broken rice碎米碎米Rice husk稻壳稻壳Wheat into flour小麦制粉及面制品加工小麦制粉及面制品加工pulverization制粉制粉tailored flour专用粉专用粉formula flour配粉配粉bread面包面包Steamed br

32、ead馒头馒头by-products副产物副产物Primary processingdeep processingCake蛋糕蛋糕noodle面条面条Bran麸皮麸皮starch淀粉及深加工淀粉及深加工corn玉米玉米starch淀粉淀粉Wet milling processDenatured starch变性淀粉变性淀粉Starch sugar淀粉糖淀粉糖by-products副产物副产物Primary processingdeep processingFermented productsAlcoholAmino acidEmbryo玉米胚芽玉米胚芽TuberBean黄浆水黄浆水麸质麸质纤维素纤维素ribotideOil products油料油料soybeanoilRefined oilproteinSoybean productsby-products副产物副产物Primary processingdeep processingSPISPCTextured proteinMeal or cakepeanutIsoflavone/异黄酮异黄酮Saponin/皂苷皂苷Peptide多肽多肽oligosaccharide低聚糖低聚糖ShorteningMargarine