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1、优点英语第16讲 阅读理解D篇一DNASA will crash a spacecraft into an asteroid (小行星) to try to change its orbit, attempting to prevent humans going the same way as the dinosaurs. Earth is constantly being disturbed by small pieces of debris (碎片), but they usually burn up or break up long before they hit the ground.

2、 Once in a while, however, something large enough to do significant damage makes impact. About 66 million years ago, one such crash is thought to have wiped out the dinosaurs. Someday, something similar could end human beingsunless we can find a way to tackle it.NASAs Double Asteroid Redirection Tes

3、t (Dart) mission is the first attempt to test if such asteroid redirection is a realistic strategy: investigating whether a spacecraft can autonomously reach a target asteroid and intentionally crash into it, as well as measuring the amount of redirection. “If it works, it would be a big deal, becau

4、se it would prove that we have the technical capability of protecting ourselves,” said Jay Tate, the director of the National Near Earth Object Information Center.The 610kg Dart spacecraft is scheduled to be launched at the targetthe Didymos systema harmless pair of asteroids consisting of a 163-met

5、re “moonlet” asteroid called Dimorphos that orbits a larger 780-metre asteroid called Didymos (Greek for “twin”). The plan is to crash the spacecraft into Dimorphos when the asteroid system is at its closest to Earthabout 6.8 million miles away.About 10 days before impact, a miniaturized satellite c

6、alled LiciaCube will separate from the main spacecraft, enabling images of the impact to be relayed back to Earth. Combined with observations from ground-based telescopes, and an onboard camera that will record the final moments before the crash, these recordings will enable scientists to calculate

7、the degree to which the impact has changed Dimorphoss orbit. The expectation is that it will change the speed of the smaller asteroid by approximately 1% and reduce its orbit around the larger asteroid.Then. in November 2024, the European Space Agencys Hera spacecraft will visit the Didymos system a

8、nd conduct a further close-up analysis of the consequences of this snooker (斯诺克) game, recording details such as the precise makeup and internal structure of Dimorphos, and the size and shape of the hole left by Dart. Such details are vital for transforming asteroid redirection into a repeatable tec

9、hnique.Even then, it is impossible that any single redirection strategy would be enough. “The problem is that no two asteroids or comets are alike, and how you redirect one depends on a huge number of variables. There is no silver bullet in this game. What you need is a whole folder of different red

10、irection methods for different types of targets,” said Tate.So, while this may be one small step towards planetary protection, many more are likely to be necessary to avoid destruction.22. What is the purpose of Paragraph 2?A. To explain the necessity of launching a spacecraft.B. To examine the impa

11、ct of dinosaurs extinction.C. To highlight the crisis threatening human beings at present.D. To show the damage caused by small pieces of debris.23. Which of the following pictures illustrates the mission?A. B. C. D. 24. What is the function of LiciaCube?A. Helping the satellite separate from the sp

12、acecraft.B. Recording the scientists ground-based observations.C. Sending impact data back to Earth.D. Calculating the length of Dimorphoss orbit.25. What does the underlined sentence “There is no silver bullet in this game” mean?A. There is no possibility to satisfy NASAs needs.B. There is no chall

13、enge too big to overcome.C. There is no strategy to help make an obvious decision.D. There is no single solution to the complex problem.【答案】22. A 23. C 24. C 25. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国宇航局将让一艘航天器撞击一颗小行星，试图改变它的轨道，阻止人类毁灭。22推理判断题。由第二段“Earth is constantly being disturbed by small pieces of debris (碎片), b

14、ut they usually burn up or break up long before they hit the ground. Once in a while, however, something large enough to do significant damage makes impact. About 66 million years ago, one such crash is thought to have wiped out the dinosaurs. Someday, something similar could end human beingsunless

15、we can find a way to tackle it. (地球经常被小碎片所扰动，但它们通常在落地前很久就烧毁或碎裂了。然而，有时候，大到足以造成重大损害的东西会造成撞击。大约6600万年前，一次这样的撞击被认为消灭了恐龙。总有一天，类似的东西会毁灭人类，除非我们能找到解决的办法)”可知第二段主要介绍了地球可能会被太空其它物体（如小行星）撞击而导致人类毁灭的后果，结合第一段“NASA will crash a spacecraft into an asteroid (小行星) to try to change its orbit, attempting to prevent human

16、s going the same way as the dinosaurs. (美国宇航局将让一艘航天器撞击一颗小行星，试图改变它的轨道，阻止人类毁灭)”可知，地球可能会被太空其它物体（如小行星）撞击而导致人类毁灭的后果，所以美国宇航局试图改变它的轨道，试图阻止人类重蹈恐龙的覆辙。由此可推知，第二段的目的是解释美国宇航局Dart任务的必要性。故选A项。23细节理解题。由第四段“The 610kg Dart spacecraft is scheduled to be launched at the targetthe Didymos systema harmless pair of astero

17、ids consisting of a 163-metre “moonlet” asteroid called Dimorphos that orbits a larger 780-metre asteroid called Didymos (Greek for “twin”). The plan is to crash the spacecraft into Dimorphos when the asteroid system is at its closest to Earthabout 6.8 million miles away. (重达610千克的Dart航天器计划发射到目标Didy

18、mos小行星，这是一对无害的小行星，被称作Dimorphos的163米直径的小行星，围绕一个直径更大、被称为 Didymos（希腊语“双胞胎”）的780米小行星运转。计划是在小行星系统离地球最近的地方大约680万英里外让航天器撞上Dimorphos)”可知，小行星Dimorphos绕着小行星Didymos运转，此original orbit (原始轨道)更大；让Dart航天器在小行星系统离地球最近的地方撞上Dimorphos，会产生new orbit(新的轨道)；结合图形，C项图形表明中间为小行星Didymos，较小的是小行星Dimorphos，二者有original orbit (原始轨道)

19、，航天器在小行星系统离地球最近的地方撞上小行星Dimorphos，产生new orbit(新的轨道)。故选C项。24细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的“About 10 days before impact, a miniaturized satellite called LiciaCube will separate from the main spacecraft, enabling images of the impact to be relayed back to Earth. (在撞击前大约10天，一颗名为LiciaCube 的小型卫星将与主航天器分离，使撞击图像能够传回地球)”可知，L

20、iciaCube的功能是将撞击数据发送回地球。故选C项。25词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段划线句前后“The problem is that no two asteroids or comets are alike, and how you redirect one depends on a huge number of variables. (问题是，没有两颗小行星或彗星是一样的，你如何重新定向一颗小行星或彗星取决于很多变量)”和“What you need is a whole folder of different redirection methods for different type

21、s of targets (你需要的是一整套不同类型目标的重新定向方法)”可知，重新定向一颗小行星或彗星取决于很多变量，需要一整套不同类型目标的重新定向方法，所以解决方案并不是单一的，由此可知划线句意为“这个复杂的问题没有单一的解决方案”。故选D项。二DDo the endless stream of messages and the thought of replying to unopened texts give you anxiety? Can the group chat feel so overwhelming that you want to throw your phone o

22、ut of the window? Texting anxiety is a real thing, and more common than youd think.In the last 25 years, texting has changed the way we communicate greatly. And many would argue, not for the better. The average person in 2022 checks their phone 262 times a day, up from a daily average of 80 in 2016.

23、 Overwhelmed, many end up consciously or unconsciously opting out, stopping responding to loved ones and friends. Unfortunately, not everyone will be understanding.Leah Aguirre, a psychotherapist explains that text conversations are usually a source of anxiety as they come with a lot of uncertainty.

24、 “We cant predict how someone will respond, if they will respond, or how quickly they will respond. We cant control other peoples actions or behavior or how they think and interpret (解读) things, and for people that are already prone to anxiety this can be hard to cope with.”Aguirre says this is refl

25、ected in a physical reaction, tightness in the chest, tensions, or increased heart rate. You also may feel a little more on edge or short with others, compulsively check your phone or have obsessive and intrusive thoughts about the text conversation. Simply hearing a notification (通知), if our phone

26、is out of reach, causes the brain chemicals associated with stress to spike.As well as the personal effects, text anxiety can put a strain on your relationships with friends and loved ones. A 2018 study found that romantic partnerships and friendships are far more successful when you and the other p

27、erson have a similar texting style. If both parties are quick responders, the relationship is less likely to hit the rocks. Similarly, if all parties are happy to go hours, days, even weeks between responses, then everyone is happy.Establishing a texting schedule with people you interact with freque

28、ntly is one way of reducing some of the stress if you have different texting styles. Aguirre suggests limiting the amount of time you are on your phone also helps with the anxiety. “By cancelling or reducing how much contact you have with the source of anxiety, youll feel some relief,” she says.“You

29、 can give yourself a pep talk, tell yourself that you are okay and that you have no control over another persons response or behavior. Remind yourself that this is just a phone or a text message and that, big picture, you are okay and will be okay.”36. The purpose of Paragraph 2 is to .A. demonstrat

30、e the level of texting anxietyB. stress the importance of communicationC. analyze the cause of troubled relationshipsD. introduce the increasing use of cell phones37. What does the underlined phrase “on edge” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Frightened.B. Interested.C. Excited.D. Nervous.38. What can

31、 we infer from the passage?A. Putting phones on “silence” mode increases anxiety.B. We should ask our partners to change their texting styles.C. Creating a texting plan with others helps reduce text anxiety.D. Texting anxiety is often caused by the time taken to answer the texts.39. What would be th

32、e best title for the passage?A. A texting schedule: The final way outB. Texting anxiety: Problems and solutionsC. Text conversations: Strengths and weaknessesD. A new perspective: How much texting is too much【答案】36. A 37. D 38. C 39. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了手机带来的信息焦虑的危害及如何缓解这种焦虑。36推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Texting

33、anxiety is a real thing, and more common than youd think. (手机信息焦虑确实存在，并且比你想象的普遍)”可知，信息焦虑是一件普遍的事情。根据第二段中的“The average person in 2022 checks their phone 262 times a day, up from a daily average of 80 in 2016. Overwhelmed, many end up consciously or unconsciously opting out, stopping responding to love

34、d ones and friends. (2022年，人均每天查看手机262次，而2016年的频率只有80次。很多人应接不暇，最终有意或无意地选择不回复亲友)”可知，人们对手机的依赖程度越来越高，导致更大程度的焦虑，并选择开始无视手机信息。由此推知，第二段的目的是为了更具体的说明手机信息焦虑的程度。故选A项。37词句猜测题。根据划线词组上文“Aguirre says this is reflected in a physical reaction, tightness in the chest, tensions, or increased heart rate.(Aguirre表示，这种焦虑

35、会体现在身体的反应中，胸部紧绷，紧张或是心率加快)”说明这种焦虑会导致紧张的情绪。由此推知，划线词组on edge是“紧张的”意思。故选D项。38细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Establishing a texting schedule with people you interact with frequently is one way of reducing some of the stress if you have different texting styles.(如果你和经常联系的人有着不同的发消息习惯，可以与他们建立一个消息时间表，这是减轻压力的途径之一)”可知，制定一个消息

36、时间表有助于减轻压力。故选C项。39主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句“Aguirre says this is reflected in a physical reaction, tightness in the chest, tensions, or increased heart rate. (Aguirre表示，这种焦虑会体现在身体的反应中，胸部紧绷，紧张或是心率加快)”及第五段第一句“As well as the personal effects, text anxiety can put a strain on your relationships with friends and lo

37、ved ones. (信息焦虑不仅会对个人产生影响，也会给你与亲友的关系带来负面影响)”可知，信息焦虑有很多弊端；最后两段中的“Establishing a texting schedule (建立消息时间表)”，“limiting the amount of time(限制时间)”和“You can give yourself a pep talk(给自己打气)”等则给出了具体的解决方法。由此可知，本篇主要说明的是信息焦虑带来的问题及解决办法。Texting anxiety: Problems and solutions(信息焦虑：问题和解决方案)适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。三DWild

38、animals seem to have escaped the Indian Ocean tsunami (海啸), adding weight to the idea that they possess a “sixth sense” for disasters, experts said on Thursday. Sri Lanka wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean Islands coast seemingly missed

39、 wild beasts, with no dead animals found.“No elephants are dead, not even a dead hare or rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening,” H.D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lankas Wildlife Department said on Wednesday.The waves washed flo

40、odwaters up to 3 km (2 miles) inland at Yala National Park in the southeast, Sri Lankas biggest wildlife reserve (自然保护区) and home to hundreds of wild elephants. “There has been a lot of evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been prove

41、d,” said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behaviour specialist at Johannesburg Zoo. “There have been no specific studies because you cant really test it in a lab or field setting,” he said. Other authorities agreed with this conclusion. “Wildlife seems to be able to pick up certain phenomenon, especial

42、ly birds. There are many reports of birds detecting coming disasters,” said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife. Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators (食肉动物). The idea of an animals “sixth sense” is a lasting

43、 one that the evidence on Sri Lankas damaged coast is likely to add to.12. This passage is mainly about _.A. the damage that was caused in the Indian Ocean tsunamiB. why animals can save themselves from natural disastersC. how to protect the wildlife when disaster happensD. the different opinions ab

44、out animals natural power 13. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. It has been proved that animals have a sixth sense.B. Research has been made on the special movements of animals before disasters.C. Its generally considered that animals can sense the coming of disasters.D. It

45、can be tested that animals have the known sense to escape from the disasters.14. What does the term “sixth sense” in the passage mean?A. It is the natural ability of animals that cant save them from danger.B. It is the animals imagination in the brain.C. It is some hidden power to say in advance tha

46、t something will happen.D. It is a kind of sense that is the same as smell or hearing.15. Which section does the passage most probably appear in a newspaper?A. Entertainment.B. Discovery.C. Future.D. Culture.【答案】12. B 13. C 14. C 15. B【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述为什么动物可以从自然灾害中拯救自己。12主旨大意题。根据第一段“Wild animals s

47、eem to have escaped the Indian Ocean tsunami (海啸), adding weight to the idea that they possess a “sixth sense” for disasters, experts said on Thursday. ( 专家于本周四称，野生动物似乎躲过了印度洋海啸的袭击，这进一步证实了动物对灾难有“第六感”的说法。)”和最后一段“Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such a

48、s predators (食肉动物). The idea of an animals “sixth sense” is a lasting one that the evidence on Sri Lankas damaged coast is likely to add to. (动物当然依靠已知的感官，如嗅觉或听觉来避免危险，如捕食者。动物有“第六感”的观点是一个持久的观点，斯里兰卡受损海岸的证据可能会进一步证明这一点。)” 可知全文都在围绕着“动物逃脱了海啸，是否真的有第六感”展开，所以文章主要讲述为什么动物可以从自然灾害中拯救自己。故选B。13细节理解题。根据第三段“There has

49、 been a lot of evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proved,” said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behaviour specialist at Johannesburg Zoo. “There have been no specific studies because you cant really test it in a lab or field setting,” he said. Other a