专题13非谓语动词（解析版）【寒假自学课】2024年高一英语寒假提升学与练（人教版2019）.docx

《专题13非谓语动词（解析版）【寒假自学课】2024年高一英语寒假提升学与练（人教版2019）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题13非谓语动词（解析版）【寒假自学课】2024年高一英语寒假提升学与练（人教版2019）.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、优点英语第13讲 非谓语动词 目录 语法导航：温习语法知识小试牛刀：基础过关+能力提升考点一 非谓语动词的形式和句法功能种类不定式动词ing动词ed时态一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式一般式主动to doto be doingto have donedoinghaving done被动to be doneto have been donebeing donehaving been donedone(vt.)表示被动完成主语宾语宾补表语定语状语考点二 非谓语动词作状语1.动词ing（1.）表示：结果，时间，伴随，原因，条件，方式，让步.结果：表示顺其自然的结果I always study hard

2、,making (make) me have a good grade.我总是努力学习，使得我有好成绩。写作经常可以搭配含义“使”的动词（make,leave）使用来变成一个高级句子=由which“这”引导的定从I always study hard,making(make) me have a good grade.=I always study hard,which makes/leaves me have a good grade.时间：doing表示与谓语动作发生时间差不多但发生在谓语动词之前强调先后要用having done！如果被动需变成having been done可写在作文H

3、earing (hear) the news,they got very excited.“听到这个消息，他们很兴奋”Having cleaned（clean） the desks,we began reading books.“擦完桌子之后，我们便开始读书”Having been shown (show) around the classroom,we were taken to see the library.“我们被带领看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆”2. 动词ed（1. ）表示动作与主语之间为动宾关系（被动）Seen (see) from the top of the mountain,

4、the city is very beautiful.“从山顶上看，这座城市很美”3. 动词to do目的状语，不定式的动作必须由主语发出，位于句首和句中，形式上还可用in order to do，so as to do，但是so as to do不能放于句首In order to pass(pass) the exam,he worked hard.“为了通过考试，他努力学习”They made a study to study (study)the creature.“为了研究这个生物，他们制定研究”结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，常于only连用（only to do）被动语态 only

5、to be doneWe hurried to the station,only to find (find) that the train had left.“我们匆忙地赶到车站，结果发现车已经走了”We hurried to the station,only to be told (tell) that the train had left.“我们匆忙地赶到车站，结果被告诉车已经开车了”原因状语，放在形容词和动词-ed形式之后做表语，与其构成原因状语，常见的有(happy,lucky,sorry,proud,disappointed,surprised,ready,delighted,cl

6、ever,foolish,pleased.)一般搭配be：be+adj./v-ed+to do（固定）Were proud to be (be) young people of China.“我们做为中国青年而自豪”4. 独立主格结构（充当状语）作文高分的写法结构：真正主语+谓语+逻辑主语+分词；也可以反过来逻辑主语+分词+真正主语+谓语 ！记住要，隔开（两个主语）独立主格=逻辑主语+分词做状语逻辑主语（名词/代词）+分词（adj./n./doing/done/to do.）！写作分词部分我们就写adj.doing（主动）done（被动）The work（逻辑主语）done（分词）,we(真正

7、的主语) went（谓语） home.“工作做完之后，我们回家”Mom(真主)insisted（谓语）that we（should）go camping in the next village，her eyes （逻辑主语）twinkling （分词）with joy.“妈妈坚持要求我们在一下个村庄野营，她的眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒”随堂小练11.Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, (exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.答案exceedi

8、ng2.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online (save) their valuable time.答案to save3.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, (allow) more patients to be treated.答案allowing4.Many Chinese brands, (develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new

9、 challenges from the modern market.答案having developed5.Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring (cook) a meal.答案to cook6.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal(create)special designs. 答案to create7.People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs(树枝)t

10、o remove it.答案using8.(make)it easier to get in touch with us, you􀆳d better keep this card at hand. 答案To make9. (order)over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. 答案Ordered10.Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, (turn)the old town into a dreamland. 答案turning考点三 非谓

11、语动词作定语1.动词ing单个动词ing一般做前置定语，动词ing形式的短语一般是后置定语，表示用途，说明名词/代词的性质，特征，强调动作。a sleeping car=a car for sleeping主动进行You spend a day driving along the new highway connecting(connect) Cusco to Lake Titicaca.2.动词ed单个动词ed一般做前置定语，动词ed形式的短语一般是后置定语，表示用途，说明名词/代词的性质，特征，强调状态。The polluted water caused diseases and deat

12、h.被动完成Tsinghua University,founded (found) in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.“成立于1911的清华大学是许多杰出人物的家”由前面doing强调动作正在进行和done强调状态完成，可得某些短语的区别：boiling water正在沸腾的水boiled water已经烧开的水（开水）3. 动词to do通常位于所修饰的名词或者代词之后，与其构成主谓或者动宾的关系She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓)H

13、ave you got a letter to write?(动宾)当名词或代词前有序数词，形容词最高级，the very，the last ，the only修饰，且与逻辑主语为主谓关系时，用动词不定式做定语！被动语态 to be doneHe is the best man to do the job.He is the last man to be told the news.当名词是表示将来的抽象意义（dream，goal，ability，chance，idea，plan，way，opportunity.）用to do做后置定语（固定）主动表被动She got a chance to

14、study abroad.作定语的动词不定式中，其中动词为不及物动词，不定式要加必要的介词。He is a very nice person to work with.随堂小练21.A sugar painting is made with (melt) brown or white sugar. 答案melted2.Although I had money and a place (sleep), but I recognized that I needed help too. 答案to sleep3.The survey of a team in Canada found that one

15、 in four of all microfibers in the samples (take) across Canada, from Toronto to the Arctic were blue jeans.答案taken4.They feel the full stop once (use) in traditional texting is not essential at all because the message is now ended just by sending it.答案used5.In the experiments, the researchers asked

16、 hundreds of participants to write an email to someone close to them(express) their appreciation and giving a specific example of how that person made their lives better.答案expressing6.TOYOTA has announced an e-Palette Concept Vehicle(概念车)(design)to meet various demands of future transportation and b

17、usiness applications.答案designed7.The HZMB, (locate) at the waters of the Lingdingyang of Pearl River estuary, is a huge sea-crossing bridge, linking Hong Kong and Macao to the Chinese mainland city of Zhuhai.答案located8.As we all know, the marathon is another, which is a long-distance race(create) in

18、 honour of a Greek soldier running from Marathon to Athens to report the victory at the Battle of Marathon. 答案created9.On average, fresh organic fruits and vegetables contain 50 percent more vitamins and minerals than food (treat)with chemicals. 答案treated10.Louis Cha,better (know) by his pen name Ji

19、n Yong, died on Tuesday at the Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital at age 94.答案known考点四 非谓语动词作宾补复合结构With1.with+O.+OC.(充当定语和状语)OC. :形容词或介词短语或副词（形容词比较常见）With everything ready:一切准备就绪 :doing:主动进行 :done:被动完成 :to do:主动将来Find（found，found）2.find+o.+oc.Oc. :形容词或者介词短语 ：doing：主动进行 ：done：被动完成或者状态扩展：find+it(形式宾语)+形容

20、词/名词+to do(真正的宾语).感官动词感官动词+o.+oc.（see,notice,look at,watch,observe,spot,listen to,hear,feel,taste,smell.）Oc.doing:主动进行 done：被动完成 （to）do：主动，全过程！省略to的不定式！扩展：用于被动语态中要还原to，此时宾补变成主补。I see him enter the building.(主动) He was seen to enter the building.(被动)使役动词使役动词+o.+oc.(make,have,drive,leave,get,let,)Oc.d

21、oing:主动进行 done：被动完成 （to）do：主动持续！get和let不省略to随堂小练31.As I approached my car, I noticed one person (stand) beside me.答案standing2.During the Qin Dynasty, to keep the enemy out of his empire, Qin Shi Huang had all the walls(join) up. 答案joined3.With less people (choose) to make sugar paintings, the tradit

22、ional Chinese folk craft might have become a distant memory in some ways. 答案choosing4.In western countries, after a long day with the sun (burn) your back, a bottle of cold water sounds like the perfect solution.答案burning5.Do not open your mouth to talk, unless you have swallowed your food. Also, ch

23、ew food with your mouth (close).答案closed考点五 非谓语动词作主语和宾语和表语1动词不定式和动名词(短语)作主语不定式(短语)作主语，表示某一具体的，尤其是未发生的动作；动名词(短语)作主语，表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式或动名词(短语)置于后面。动名词(短语)用it作形式主语代替时，常用于“It is no use/good doing sth”结构中。不定式和动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Its not easy to learn English well.Reading as m

24、uch as possible is necessary.学好英语不容易，广泛阅读是有必要的。It is no good learning without practice.只学习不实践没有好处。Its important for the figures to be updated regularly.对数字进行定期更新很重要。2动词不定式和动名词可用作宾语(1)afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish等动词后要接不定式

25、作宾语。The small boy wanted to own a computer of his own.这个小男孩想拥有一台属于自己的电脑。(2)come, get, grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地”。She has a hot temper, but you will grow to like her.她脾气很急，但你会渐渐喜欢她的。(3)admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, r

26、isk, resist, suggest等动词后要接动名词作宾语。Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.比尔建议召开一个关于在假期为世博会做些什么的会议。(4)give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, put off, devote . to, object to, be busy (in), get down to, have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/

27、wonderful/hard time (in), have fun等短语后要接动名词作宾语。I had great difficulty (in) finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。(5)动词like, love, prefer, hate等后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。但表示经常性的动作要用动名词，表示具体的行为要用不定式。I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.我喜欢游泳，但今天下午不想去。(6)

28、动词need, require, want作“需要”讲时，其后要用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。且句子的主语通常为表示事物的名词。与此有相同用法的动词还有deserve “值得”。The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.窗户需要擦了。(7)介词后一般要接动名词作宾语。但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，如前面有实义动词do，不定式就要省略to。Upon arriving at the airport, he delivered an important speech.一到机场，他就发表了重要演讲。He has nothing to

29、do but lie down and sleep.无事可做，他只能躺下睡觉。(8)动词，如：find, feel, think, expect, consider, make等常用于“. itadj./n.to do”结构中，it为形式宾语，to do为真正的宾语，形容词或名词作宾语补足语。He found it difficult to work out the problem.他发现很难解决这一问题。(9)既可用动名词，又可用不定式作宾语，但意义区别明显的动词：例词后接动名词后接不定式remember/forget/regretremember/forget/regret doing表示

30、动作已发生remember/forget/regret to do表示动作未发生trytry doing 试着做try to do 努力做stopstop doing停止正在干的事stop to do停下来做别的事I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的事物。I regret to inform you that your application has not been successful.Not successful? I performed

31、 pretty well in my interview!我很遗憾地通知你，你的申请没有成功。没成功？在面试中我表现得很出色呀！3动词不定式、动词ing形式和过去分词可用作表语(1)当动词ing形式或过去分词作表语时，它们大多数是已经形容词化的，而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词。The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。She is interested in the story.她对那个故事感兴趣。(2)表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。What she likes is watchin

32、g/to watch children play.她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。 My wish is to become a good teacher.我的愿望就是要当个好老师。注意：下列情况下不定式作表语通常省略to：（1）主语是all(其后有that引导的定语从句)或what引导的从句，且从句中含有do的某种形式时。（2）主语是the only， the first， the last，形容词最高级或被这些词修饰，主语后有定语(从句)，且定语(从句)中含有do的某种形式时。All you need to do now is complete the form.你现在要做的是把这张表填好。

33、What I want to do most in senior high school is improve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。The only thing to do now is go on.前进是现在唯一的出路。4“特殊疑问词/whether不定式”结构。该结构是对不定式用法的一个扩展其用法为：The teacher taught the students how to do the experiment.(作宾语)老师教学生们如何做这个实验。When to start (When we shall start) has not been d

34、ecided.(作主语)何时动身尚未决定。The problem is where to put this computer.(作表语)问题是该把这台计算机放在哪儿。注意：（1）“特殊疑问词/whether不定式”通常用在tell，show， understand， explain， teach， learn， discuss等词后作宾语。（2）“特殊疑问词/whether不定式”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。（3）“特殊疑问词/whether不定式”中，用特殊疑问副词和whether时，不定式用主动形式；用疑问代词，且构成不定式的动词与疑问代词为动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义，且不定

35、式后一般不能再加宾语。随堂小练31.The daughter, Zhi Nu, and the cowherd, Niu Lang, got (marry) and the couple lived happily for several years. 答案married2.It would be good (explain) to the students what skills they can get through courses or assignments at different stages. 答案to explain3.First of all, (become)aware

36、of what causes your worry will help to reduce the stress.答案becoming4.They often seem (dislike) being questioned.答案to dislike5.But mobile phones are also a threat to our health. (use) them for too long tends to make us passive and ignore physical exercise,which will cause obesity and poor eyesight.答案

37、Using6.To really appreciate and understand another language you need (understand) its culture and philosophy.答案to understand7.World Industrial Design Day is for teaching people about the history of industrial design and potentially (get) people interested in the profession.答案getting8.He walked away

38、from his real estate career to commit his life to (help) others change their lives and overcome their challenges.答案helping基础过关考点一、单词语法填空1They started towards the village with the boy (lead) the way. 【答案】leading【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们向村子走去，男孩在前面带路。此处为with复合结构，动词lead和宾语the boy之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作宾语补足语。故填leading

39、。1. There is one thing I dislike about him. He never admits (make) a mistake. 【答案】making【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他身上有一点是我不喜欢的。他从不承认错误。admit doing sth.“承认做过某事”是固定短语，动名词作宾语。故填making。3A lot of people attach great importance to (become) rich and famous. 【答案】becoming【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多人非常重视变得富有和出名。此处是固定搭配attach grea

40、t importance to doing sth.意为“非常重视做某事”，to是介词，动名词作宾语。故填becoming。4His dearest wish is (see) his grandchildren again. 【答案】to see【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他最衷心的愿望是能再见到他的孙子们。分析句子结构和意思可知，动用动词不定式结构，表示将来。故填to see。5If you dont know what you want, you might end up (get) something you dont want. 【答案】getting【解析】考查动名词。句意：如果

41、你不知道自己想要什么，你最终可能会得到一些你不想要的东西。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语end up doing sth.，意为“最终做某事”，get用动名词形式作宾语。故填getting。6John is not here. Try (phone) his home number, and maybe you can find him. 【答案】phoning【解析】考查动名词。句意：约翰不在。试试拨打他家的电话号码，也许你能找到他。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语try doing sth.，意为“试着做某事”，phone用动名词形式作宾语。故填phoning。7Moll

42、y told me (use) flash cards was one of the most useful learning strategies. 【答案】using【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：莫莉告诉我使用抽认卡是最有用的学习策略之一。分析句子，设空处使用动名词作主语。故填using。8The educational software (aim) at helping students improve their math skills has been updated to include more interactive lessons and additional exercis

43、es. 【答案】aimed/aiming【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：旨在帮助学生提高数学技能的教育软件已经更新，包括更多的互动课程和额外的练习。该空非谓语动词形式，be aimed at doing sth.是固定短语，用其过去分词aimed作后置定语；非谓语动词aim和前文名词短语The educational software之间也可看作是主动关系，可用其现在分词作后置定语。故填aimed/aiming。9Her job is (teach) sign language in a school. 【答案】to teach/teaching【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的工作是在一所学校

44、教手语。分析句子，设空处可以使用不定式结构作表语，表示“将要去教学”用to teach；或者使用动名词作表语即teaching。故填to teach或者teaching。10With his eyes (focus)on his screen, he didnt notice me enter his studio. 【答案】focused【解析】考查with的复合结构和非谓语动词。句意：他的眼睛聚焦在屏幕上，没有注意到我进入了他的工作室。focus ones eyes on“把眼睛集聚焦在”。分析句子结构可知，本句用了with复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，且his eyes与f

45、ocus为被动关系，故用过去分词focused，作with宾语补足语。故填focused。11The digital age also enables us (find) people who share our interests, such as collecting model cars or playing an unusual instrument. 【答案】to find【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：数字时代也使我们能够找到与我们有共同兴趣的人，比如收集汽车模型或演奏一种不寻常的乐器。固定搭配enable sb to do sth“使某人能做某事”，此处应用动词不定式，作宾语补足语

46、。故填to find。12For Alistair, his decision was easy (explain). 【答案】to explain【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：对Alistair来说，他的决定很容易解释。此处是“be+形容词+动词不定式”结构，是固定用法，故填to explain。13We need to try other approaches to (solve) the problem. 【答案】solving【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们需要尝试其他方法来解决这个问题。动词solve意为“解决”；approach to doing sth.“做某事的方法”；故本空填动名词solving，作介词to的宾语。故填solving。14With th