专题01限制性定语从句（关系代词）&必修第一册WelcomeUnit-Unit2知识回顾（解析版）【寒假自学课】2024年高一英语寒假提升学与练（人教版2019）.docx

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1、优点英语第01讲 限制性定语从句（关系代词）&必修第一册WelcomeUnit-Unit2知识回顾 目录 温习知识：温习知识(词汇，易错考点) 语法导航：温习语法知识 写作导航：温习重点写作小试牛刀：核心单词语法填空+真题演练 Welcome Unit1.anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的用法：be anxious for sb. =be worried/concerned about sb. 为某人担心be anxious about sth. 为某事忧虑be anxious for =be eager for/be keen on 渴望be anxious (for sb.) to d

2、o sth. 渴望某人做某事be anxious that 渴望(从句谓语用“should+动词原形”， should可以省略)拓展：anxiety n.焦虑；担心 anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地annoyed adj.恼怒的；生气的用法：be/get annoyed with sb. 生某人的气be annoyed at/about/by sth. 因某事生气be annoyed to do因做.而感到生气be annoyed that恼怒的是拓展：annoying adj.使恼怒的；使烦恼的annoy vt.使恼怒；使生气；打扰annoyance n.恼怒，烦恼；使人烦恼的事

3、frightened adj.惊吓的；害怕的用法：be frightened of (doing) sth. 害怕某物/（做）某事be frightened to do sth. 害怕做某事be frightened to death 怕得要死be frightened that. 害怕.拓展：frightening adj.引起恐惧的；令人害怕的 frighten v.使惊吓；使惊恐 fright n.惊吓，恐怖；使人惊吓的经历impression n.印象；感想用法：get/have a good/bad .impression of. 对的印象好/不好leave/make/give a(

4、n).impression on sb. 给某人留下.的印象；对某人有.影响/起.作用(be) under the impression that. 以为, (通常指）误认为.拓展：impress vt.使钦佩；给.留下深刻的好印象； vi.留下印象；引人注目用法：impress sb. with sb./sth. 某人/某物给某人留下深刻的印象be impressed with/by sth. 对.印象深刻It impresses sb. that. 令某人敬佩的是.impress sth./itself on ones mind/memory 把某事铭记于心impress sth. on/

5、upon sb.= impress on/upon sb. sth. 使某人意识到某事拓展: impressive adj.令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的concentrate vt.&vi.集中（注意力）；聚精会神用法：concentrate (sth.) on (doing) sth. 专注于（做）某事拓展：concentration n.集中；专注；关注explore vt.&vi.探索；勘探exploration n.探索；勘探；探究explorer n.探险者；勘探者confident adj.自信的；有把握的 拓展：confidence n.信心；信任用法: be/feel confide

6、nt about 对有信心 be confident of （of） doing sth 对（做）某事有把握 be confident that 确信 have confidence in 对有信心 have confidence to do sth. 有信心做某事 with confidence 有把握地curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的 拓展：curiosity n.好奇心；求知欲 curiously adv.好奇地；奇怪地用法：be curious about 对感到好奇 be curious to do sth 对做某事感到好奇 It is/was curious that 不

7、寻常personality n.性格；个性person n.人；个人personal adj.个人的；私人的单词变形练习1.He got _ (annoy) with the _ (annoy) flies flying around him when he was reading a book.2.Music seems to quiet her_ (anxious) and loneliness.3.On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were _ (impress) by the unique tea pots and t

8、ea cups.4.We had lots of fun at Marys party last Sunday and it was an _ (impress) memory.5.With his diligence and _ (concentrate) , he is bound to succeed in entering his ideal university.6.By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think theyre building their childrens _ (confident) , when, in fact, i

9、t may be just the opposite.7.After you complete the _ (register) , you may begin working on the project.8.The twins have the same look but they have different _ (personal) .9.In order to make further progress in the field of science, we should be curious _ everything around.10.A sudden stop can be a

10、 very _ (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at a high speed.11.Helen was _ to death when she saw the _ scene. She hid herself in the corner, shaking with _ . (frighten)12._ by the highly accomplished _ , the new _ was supposed to have consumers(消费者) beating a path to our door (de

11、sign).1. annoyed annoying 2.anxiety3. impressed 4. impressive5.concentration 6.confidence7.registration 8.personalities 9.about 10. frightening11.frightened frightening fright 12.Designed designer design Unit 1 Teenage Lifevolunteer n. 志愿者 vt. & vi.自愿去做用法：volunteer to do sth. 志愿做某事 volunteer for. 自愿

12、为服务拓展: voluntary adj. 自愿的 voluntarily adv. 自愿地，主动地prefer vt.较喜欢；更喜欢preference n. 喜好；偏爱 have a preference for. 偏爱用法： prefer A to B 喜欢A多于Bprefer (doing) sth. 更喜欢/宁愿prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. 喜欢而不喜欢prefer (sb) to do sth. 宁愿(某人)做某事prefer to do . rather than do .=would do. rather do.=would rathe

13、r do.than do. 宁愿做而不愿做actually adj. 事实上；的确；实际上拓展：actual adj. 实际的，真实的 actuality实际，真实；现实情况，事实confusing adj. 难以理解的，不清楚的拓展：confuse vt. 使糊涂，使迷惑；混淆；使更难于理解confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的confusion n. 困惑；混淆；困窘；混乱局面fluent adj.流利，文字流畅；通畅的用法: be fluent in 在（方面）流利/熟练拓展：fluently adv. 流利地；流畅地 fluency.（尤指外语）流利，流畅；熟练自如graduate

14、 v.获得学位，大学毕业；毕业n.大学毕业生；毕业生用法：graduate from. 毕业于（学校）graduate in 于（专业）graduation 毕业；毕业典礼 after graduation毕业后recommend vt. 推荐；介绍；劝告；建议用法：recommend sb./sth.to sb. 把某人/某物推荐给某人recommend sb. as/for. 推人任.（职务）/到.（岗位）recommend doing sth. 建议做某事recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事recommend that.(should) do. 建议(虚拟语气

15、)扩展：recommendation n. 正式建议，提议；推荐信；推荐，介绍advanced adj.先进的；高级的，高等的拓展:advance n前进；进展，进步 v.发展，进步in advance（ ahead of time/schedule）预先，事先 in advance of.（时间上）在之前；（发展上）超越 make an advance/advances in.=make progress in方面取得进展obviously adv.显然，明显地；显而易见拓展: obvious adj明显的，显然的，易理解的；公认的It is obvious（to sb.）that（对人来说

16、，）显然quit vi. n.停止，戒掉, 离开（工作职位，学校等），离任，离校；搬离（住处）用法: quit (doing)sth 停止（做）某事 quit ones job 离职 quit school 退学 quit as 辞去职务responsible adj.负责的，有责任的；成为起因的用法：be responsible for 是引起的原因拓展: responsibility 责任；职责，义务a sense of responsibility 责任感take/have responsibility for. 对责/有责任take on responsibilities 承担责任so

17、lution n.解决办法，处理手段用法：a solution to (doing) sth 的解决办法come up with/find/seek a solution 想出/找到/寻找解决方法practise vt.&vi. 练习，训练；经常做；从事用法：practise doing sth. 练习做某事practice as 从事（职业）拓展：practice n. 实践； 惯例；习惯；训练；练习；风俗；惯常做的事in practice 实际上，事实上put into practice把付诸实践practiced adj. 熟练的，老练的 practical adj. 实际的，真实的；切

18、实可行的单词变形练习.1. Once you are_ (confidence) about yourself, problems are just stepping stones to success.2. After _(graduate) from a junior middle school, he was lucky to be admitted to a key senior high school.3.They thought for a long time ,but still couldnt think of a_ (solve).4. We come together be

19、cause we share interests and_(responsible).5.From his_ look, I can say this is a_ situation for him.(confuse)6. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not as_(fluent) as a native speaker does.7.The character was_(obvious) wrong but he didnt pick it out, which suggested how careless he was.8.Th

20、e course isnt designed for beginners, but suitable for_ (advance) learners.9.Though brought up in the US, I would choose Chinese food in_(prefer) to western food.10.The soldier preferred _(die) rather than give in.11.My parents are well content _(live) in the country.12.I do _(actual) think that thi

21、ngs have improved.13.The guidelines also recommend that theatergoers _ (wear) facial masks during shows.14.I know its hard to understand and its _ (confuse)15. China is doing well, much better than the West, and it is clear and _(obviously).16.The app is a useful tool for tourists to make holiday pl

22、ans, said Li Chaoyi, a high school_ (graduate) in Taiyuan, capital city of the province.1.confident 2.graduation/graduating3.solution 4.responsibility 5.confused; confusing6.fluently 7.obviously 8.advanced 9.preference 10.to die 11.to live 12.actually 13.wear 14.confusing 15.obvious 16.graduate Unit

23、 2 Travelling around apply vi申请;请求；vt应用;使用 vt.勤奋工作;努力学习 v.适合,适用;有关,涉及 vt.涂,敷,施用法：apply (to) for （向）申请 apply to do sth. 申请做某事 apply sth. to sth./ doing sth. 将某物应用到某物/ 做某事上be applied to 应用于apply sth. to sth. 把某物涂在某物上拓展：application n. 申请（表)；应用；涂抹；应用程序applicant n. 申请人applied adj. 应用的；实用的amazing adj令人惊奇的

24、；令人惊喜的用法：be amazed at/by/that. 对感到惊讶be amazed to do sth. 惊讶地做某事to onesamazement 令某人惊讶的是in amazement 惊讶地拓展：amaze vt.使惊奇，使惊愕amazement n.U惊奇，惊愕，惊诧amazed adj.惊奇的，惊喜的arrangement n安排，筹备；布置，安排方式；商定，约定用法：make an arrangement/arrangements (for.) (为)作安排 arrive at/come to/conclude an arrangement(with sb.) (与某人)

25、谈妥/达成协议拓展：arrange vi.&t. 安排，筹备；整理，布置 arrange sth/that. 安排某事/arrange to do sth. 安排做某事arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排某人/某物做某事powerful adj. 有权势的，有影响力的；强有力的；效力大的；强壮的拓展：power n.控制力；统治；能力；权力；能量；电力供应 powerless adj. 无影响力的；无权的；无能为力的take control of 控制，支配，操纵用法：get/ lose control over 对控制/失去控制gain control ove

26、r oneself 克制住自己beyond control 无法控制out of control 不受控制under control 处在控制之下recognize vt. 辨别出；认出vt. 承认；意识到；（正式）认可；公认用法：recognize sb./sth. by/from 通过/从认出某人/某物recognize to be/as. 承认认为.是.be recognized as 被认为是.；被公认为.recognize that/wh-从句 承认/意识到It is recognized that 人们公认/意识到.拓展：recognizable adj.容易认出的，易于识别的re

27、cognition n. 认识；承认；认可admire vt. 钦佩；赞赏用法: admire sb./sth. for sth. 因某事钦佩/赞赏某人/某物admire sb. for doing sth. 赞赏某人做某事拓展: admirer n. 钦佩者，赞赏者；追求者，爱慕者admirable adj. 可钦佩的；值得赞赏的；令人羡慕的admiration n.U 钦佩；赞赏contact vt. 联络；联系 n. 联系，接触用法: keep in contact with 与.保持联系lose contact with 与.失去联系get into/make contact with

28、 与.取得联系check vt.检查；核对用法：check out 查明，结账离开 check in （在旅馆，机场等）登记；报到request n.要求，请求 vt. 请求，要求用法：make a request for 提出要求at ones request=at the request of sb. 应某人的请求by request 应邀request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事request sth. from sb. 向某人要求某物unbelievable adj. 难以置信的，惊人的拓展：believable adj. 可相信的belief n. 信心，信仰，相信

29、believe v. 相信，看作，认定beyond belief 难以置信地believe sb. 相信某人（所说的话）believe in sb. 相信某人comment n. 评论，议论 v. 发表意见，评论用法：make comments/ a comment on/about 对发表评论 make a comment that 对发表评论 comment that 评论comment on/upon 评论单词变形练习1.His_（apply)for membership of the club was rejected.2.To her _ ， we were not _ at her

30、 _ deed.(amaze)3.I cant afford the time to go travelling with you. I have to make_ (arrange) for the art exhibition next week.4.Ann had changed so much that I could hardly_her; she had changed beyond_ .(recognise)5. My luggage should arrive on the next_ (fly).6.More than one thousand people were kil

31、led when a_ (power)earthquake struck Western Indonesia at the end of September.7. The talks will focus on_ (economy) development of the region.8. Mandarin is the_ (office) language of China.9. His achievement earned him respect and_ (admire).10. Some of these chemicals are_ (extreme)dangerous.1.appl

32、ication 2.amazement , amazed , amazing 3.arrangements 4. recognised , recognition 5.flight 6.powerful 7.economic 8.official 9.admiration 10.extremely定语从句（一）关系代词的用法在复合句中, 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词, 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词有两种: 关系代词who,whom,whose, that,which,as和关系副词when,where, why.关系代词3个作用：1）连接作用2）替代作用3）在

33、从句中充当成分：作主语/宾语/表语/定语。如下图所示： 先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.一判断定语从句的关系代词的方法：如果名词或代词后有一个句子，并且该名词或代词在句子中充当成分，则该句子就是定语从句。主要按照以下三步来判断：1.找准先行词（定语从句前的名词或代词）。2.把先行词还原到定语从句中，看充当什么成分。3.根据先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分以及句意来选用适当的引导词。二关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代在从句中的成分that人/物主语/宾语/表语which物主语

34、/宾语/表语who人主语/宾语/表语whom人宾语whose人/物定语三易混的关系代词辨析：（一）that 和 which1.用that，不用which的情况当先行词为不定代词：everything,anything,nothing, all, any, much, many, some, few, little, none等或当先行词被no, some, any, all, much, little等词修饰时，只能用that。To get the job started, all that I need is your permission.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。Is there

35、 anything that I can do for you?有什么要我做的事吗?He answered few questions that were asked by the reporters.他几乎没有回答记者提问的问题。当先行词被the only, the very, the same等词修饰时。Thats the only thing that we can do nowThis is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。This was one of the most interesti

36、ng books that were sold in this book store.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。The first thing that should be done is to get some food.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。当先行词中同时包括人和物时。Im going to talk about the countries and people that I have visited.我要谈论一下我访问的国家和人民。当要避免与疑问词which重复时。Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?那件体恤衫最适合我？2.用whic

37、h，不用that的情况在非限制性定语从句中Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是有趣的运动。介词提前时，不用that，而用which，介词不提前时，用that和which都可。This is the room in which my father lived last year. = This is the room (that/ which) my father lived in last year. 这是我父亲去年居住过的房子。（二）the sameas和the same

38、thatthe sameas表示“类似的一个，而不是同一个”（相似性）the samethat表示“同一个”（同一性）I have bought the same watch as you have. 我买了一块和你的一样的手表。（相似的，非同一个）This is the same watch that I lost. 这就是我丢的那块手表。（同一个）四关系代词易错点：1.关系代词的省略关系代词做宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略，在非限制性定语从句中不省略。Hangzhou is a beautiful city(that/which)I always want to visit.（在限制性定

39、语从句中作visit的宾语，可以省略）杭州是我总想参观的一个美丽城市。Hangzhou ,which I visited last week, is a beautiful city.（在非限制性定语从句中作visited的宾语，不可省略）杭州是一个美丽的城市，我上周去参观过。2.从句中代词的重复多余定语从句中的引导词指代先行词,从句中不能再出现指代该先行词的代词。The book that I read it yesterday is very interesting.（）The book that I read yesterday is very interesting.（）我昨天读的那本

40、书很有趣。3.what不引导定语从句定语从句中有关系代词that和which而没有what ，what 可以引导名词性从句。All that we need is a supply of oil. (that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all)What we need is a supply of oil. (what引导主语从句) 我们需要的是石油供应。4.that不引导非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开）在非限制性定语从句，不能用关系代词that。如果指代“人”，用who/ whom，指代“物”，用which。The basketball star, who tried to make a come

41、back, attracted lots of attention. 这位打算复出的篮球明星引起了很多关注。He has become a doctor, which he wanted to be. 他成为了一名医生，这是他以前一直梦想的。5.whose+n.= the+n +of which=of which+the+n.名词之前必须有the。I live in the room whose window/the window of which / of which the window faces south.我住在窗子朝南开的房间里。6. 定语从句中的主谓一致:关系代词在定语从句中做主

42、语时,从句谓语通常与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。注意：当先行词为“one of +复数名词”时定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；当先行词为“the (only/very)one of +复数名词”时定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。He is a good student who likes to help others.他是一个乐于助人的好学生。They are good students who like to help others.他们是乐于助人的好学生。He is one of the students who were praised.他是一个受到表扬的学生之一。He is the one