专题13非谓语动词（原卷版）【寒假自学课】2024年高一英语寒假提升学与练（人教版2019）.docx

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1、优点英语第13讲 非谓语动词 目录 语法导航：温习语法知识小试牛刀：基础过关+能力提升考点一 非谓语动词的形式和句法功能种类不定式动词ing动词ed时态一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式一般式主动to doto be doingto have donedoinghaving done被动to be doneto have been donebeing donehaving been donedone(vt.)表示被动完成主语宾语宾补表语定语状语考点二 非谓语动词作状语1.动词ing（1.）表示：结果，时间，伴随，原因，条件，方式，让步.结果：表示顺其自然的结果I always study hard

2、, (make) me have a good grade.我总是努力学习，使得我有好成绩。写作经常可以搭配含义“使”的动词（make,leave）使用来变成一个高级句子=由which“这”引导的定从I always study hard,making(make) me have a good grade.=I always study hard,which makes/leaves me have a good grade.时间：doing表示与谓语动作发生时间差不多但发生在谓语动词之前强调先后要用having done！如果被动需变成having been done可写在作文 (hear)

3、 the news,they got very excited.“听到这个消息，他们很兴奋” （clean） the desks,we began reading books.“擦完桌子之后，我们便开始读书” (show) around the classroom,we were taken to see the library.“我们被带领看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆”2. 动词ed（1. ）表示动作与主语之间为动宾关系（被动） (see) from the top of the mountain,the city is very beautiful.“从山顶上看，这座城市很美”3. 动词t

4、o do目的状语，不定式的动作必须由主语发出，位于句首和句中，形式上还可用in order to do，so as to do，但是so as to do不能放于句首In order (pass) the exam,he worked hard.“为了通过考试，他努力学习”They made a study (study)the creature.“为了研究这个生物，他们制定研究”结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，常于only连用（only to do）被动语态 only to be doneWe hurried to the station,only (find) that the train

5、had left.“我们匆忙地赶到车站，结果发现车已经走了”We hurried to the station,only (tell) that the train had left.“我们匆忙地赶到车站，结果被告诉车已经开车了”原因状语，放在形容词和动词-ed形式之后做表语，与其构成原因状语，常见的有(happy,lucky,sorry,proud,disappointed,surprised,ready,delighted,clever,foolish,pleased.)一般搭配be：be+adj./v-ed+to do（固定）Were proud (be) young people of

6、 China.“我们做为中国青年而自豪”4. 独立主格结构（充当状语）作文高分的写法结构：真正主语+谓语+逻辑主语+分词；也可以反过来逻辑主语+分词+真正主语+谓语 ！记住要，隔开（两个主语）独立主格=逻辑主语+分词做状语逻辑主语（名词/代词）+分词（adj./n./doing/done/to do.）！写作分词部分我们就写adj.doing（主动）done（被动）The work（逻辑主语）done（分词）,we(真正的主语) went（谓语） home.“工作做完之后，我们回家”Mom(真主)insisted（谓语）that we（should）go camping in the next

7、 village，her eyes （逻辑主语）twinkling （分词）with joy.“妈妈坚持要求我们在一下个村庄野营，她的眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒”随堂小练11.Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, (exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.2.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online (save) their valuable

8、time.3.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, (allow) more patients to be treated.4.Many Chinese brands, (develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.5.Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring (cook) a meal.6.Skil

9、led workers also combine various hardwoods and metal(create)special designs. 7.People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it.8.(make)it easier to get in touch with us, you􀆳d better keep this card at hand. 9. (order)over a week ago, the books are expected to ar

10、rive any time now. 10.Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, (turn)the old town into a dreamland. 考点三 非谓语动词作定语1.动词ing单个动词ing一般做前置定语，动词ing形式的短语一般是后置定语，表示用途，说明名词/代词的性质，特征，强调动作。a sleeping car=a car for sleeping主动进行You spend a day driving along the new highway (connect) Cusco to Lake Titicaca.2.动词

11、ed单个动词ed一般做前置定语，动词ed形式的短语一般是后置定语，表示用途，说明名词/代词的性质，特征，强调状态。The polluted water caused diseases and death.被动完成Tsinghua University, (found) in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.“成立于1911的清华大学是许多杰出人物的家”由前面doing强调动作正在进行和done强调状态完成，可得某些短语的区别：boiling water正在沸腾的水boiled water已经烧开的水（开水）3. 动词t

12、o do通常位于所修饰的名词或者代词之后，与其构成主谓或者动宾的关系She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓)Have you got a letter to write?(动宾)当名词或代词前有序数词，形容词最高级，the very，the last ，the only修饰，且与逻辑主语为主谓关系时，用动词不定式做定语！被动语态 to be doneHe is the best man to do the job.He is the last man to be told the news.当名词是表示将来的抽象意义（

13、dream，goal，ability，chance，idea，plan，way，opportunity.）用to do做后置定语（固定）主动表被动She got a chance to study abroad.作定语的动词不定式中，其中动词为不及物动词，不定式要加必要的介词。He is a very nice person to work with.随堂小练21.A sugar painting is made with (melt) brown or white sugar. 2.Although I had money and a place (sleep), but I recogni

14、zed that I needed help too. 3.The survey of a team in Canada found that one in four of all microfibers in the samples (take) across Canada, from Toronto to the Arctic were blue jeans.4.They feel the full stop once (use) in traditional texting is not essential at all because the message is now ended

15、just by sending it.5.In the experiments, the researchers asked hundreds of participants to write an email to someone close to them(express) their appreciation and giving a specific example of how that person made their lives better.6.TOYOTA has announced an e-Palette Concept Vehicle(概念车)(design)to m

16、eet various demands of future transportation and business applications.7.The HZMB, (locate) at the waters of the Lingdingyang of Pearl River estuary, is a huge sea-crossing bridge, linking Hong Kong and Macao to the Chinese mainland city of Zhuhai.8.As we all know, the marathon is another, which is

17、a long-distance race(create) in honour of a Greek soldier running from Marathon to Athens to report the victory at the Battle of Marathon. 9.On average, fresh organic fruits and vegetables contain 50 percent more vitamins and minerals than food (treat)with chemicals. 10.Louis Cha,better (know) by hi

18、s pen name Jin Yong, died on Tuesday at the Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital at age 94.考点四 非谓语动词作宾补复合结构With1.with+O.+OC.(充当定语和状语)OC. :形容词或介词短语或副词（形容词比较常见）With everything ready:一切准备就绪 :doing:主动进行 :done:被动完成 :to do:主动将来Find（found，found）2.find+o.+oc.Oc. :形容词或者介词短语 ：doing：主动进行 ：done：被动完成或者状态扩展：find+it(形式

19、宾语)+形容词/名词+to do(真正的宾语).感官动词感官动词+o.+oc.（see,notice,look at,watch,observe,spot,listen to,hear,feel,taste,smell.）Oc.doing:主动进行 done：被动完成 （to）do：主动，全过程！省略to的不定式！扩展：用于被动语态中要还原to，此时宾补变成主补。I see him enter the building.(主动) He was seen to enter the building.(被动)使役动词使役动词+o.+oc.(make,have,drive,leave,get,let

20、,)Oc.doing:主动进行 done：被动完成 （to）do：主动持续！get和let不省略to随堂小练31.As I approached my car, I noticed one person (stand) beside me.2.During the Qin Dynasty, to keep the enemy out of his empire, Qin Shi Huang had all the walls(join) up. 3.With less people (choose) to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chines

21、e folk craft might have become a distant memory in some ways. 4.In western countries, after a long day with the sun (burn) your back, a bottle of cold water sounds like the perfect solution.5.Do not open your mouth to talk, unless you have swallowed your food. Also, chew food with your mouth (close)

22、.考点五 非谓语动词作主语和宾语和表语1动词不定式和动名词(短语)作主语不定式(短语)作主语，表示某一具体的，尤其是未发生的动作；动名词(短语)作主语，表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式或动名词(短语)置于后面。动名词(短语)用it作形式主语代替时，常用于“It is no use/good doing sth”结构中。不定式和动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Its not easy to learn English well. as much as possible is necessary.学好英语不容易，广泛阅读是有必要的

23、。It is no good without practice.只学习不实践没有好处。Its important for the figures regularly.对数字进行定期更新很重要。2动词不定式和动名词可用作宾语(1)afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish等动词后要接不定式作宾语。The small boy wanted a computer of his own.这个小男孩想拥有一台属于自己的电脑。(2)c

24、ome, get, grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地”。She has a hot temper, but you will grow her.她脾气很急，但你会渐渐喜欢她的。(3)admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, resist, suggest等动词后要接动名词作宾语。Bill suggested a meeting on what to do for the Expo

25、 during the vacation.比尔建议召开一个关于在假期为世博会做些什么的会议。(4)give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, put off, devote . to, object to, be busy (in), get down to, have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), have fun等短语后要接动名词作宾语。I had great difficulty (in) the suitable food

26、 on the menu in that restaurant.在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。(5)动词like, love, prefer, hate等后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。但表示经常性的动作要用动名词，表示具体的行为要用不定式。I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.我喜欢游泳，但今天下午不想去。(6)动词need, require, want作“需要”讲时，其后要用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。且句子的主语通常为表示事物的名词。与此有相同用法的动词还有deserve “值得”。The

27、window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.窗户需要擦了。(7)介词后一般要接动名词作宾语。但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，如前面有实义动词do，不定式就要省略to。Upon at the airport, he delivered an important speech.一到机场，他就发表了重要演讲。He has nothing to do but down and sleep.无事可做，他只能躺下睡觉。(8)动词，如：find, feel, think, expect, consider, make等常用于“. itadj./n.to do”结构中

28、，it为形式宾语，to do为真正的宾语，形容词或名词作宾语补足语。He found difficult to work out the problem.他发现很难解决这一问题。(9)既可用动名词，又可用不定式作宾语，但意义区别明显的动词：例词后接动名词后接不定式remember/forget/regretremember/forget/regret doing表示动作已发生remember/forget/regret to do表示动作未发生trytry doing 试着做try to do 努力做stopstop doing停止正在干的事stop to do停下来做别的事I still r

29、emember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的事物。I regret to inform you that your application has not been successful.Not successful? I performed pretty well in my interview!我很遗憾地通知你，你的申请没有成功。没成功？在面试中我表现得很出色呀！3动词不定式、动词ing形式和过去分词可用作表语(1)当动词ing形式或过去分词作表语时，它们大多数是已

30、经形容词化的，而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词。The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。She is interested in the story.她对那个故事感兴趣。(2)表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。What she likes is watching/to watch children play.她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。 My wish is to become a good teacher.我的愿望就是要当个好老师。注意：下列情况下不定式作表语通常省略to：（1）主语

31、是all(其后有that引导的定语从句)或what引导的从句，且从句中含有do的某种形式时。（2）主语是the only， the first， the last，形容词最高级或被这些词修饰，主语后有定语(从句)，且定语(从句)中含有do的某种形式时。All you need to do now is complete the form.你现在要做的是把这张表填好。What I want to do most in senior high school is improve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。The only thing to do now is g

32、o on.前进是现在唯一的出路。4“特殊疑问词/whether不定式”结构。该结构是对不定式用法的一个扩展其用法为：The teacher taught the students how to do the experiment.(作宾语)老师教学生们如何做这个实验。When to start (When we shall start) has not been decided.(作主语)何时动身尚未决定。The problem is where to put this computer.(作表语)问题是该把这台计算机放在哪儿。注意：（1）“特殊疑问词/whether不定式”通常用在tell，

33、show， understand， explain， teach， learn， discuss等词后作宾语。（2）“特殊疑问词/whether不定式”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。（3）“特殊疑问词/whether不定式”中，用特殊疑问副词和whether时，不定式用主动形式；用疑问代词，且构成不定式的动词与疑问代词为动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义，且不定式后一般不能再加宾语。随堂小练31.The daughter, Zhi Nu, and the cowherd, Niu Lang, got (marry) and the couple lived happily for seve

34、ral years. 2.It would be good (explain) to the students what skills they can get through courses or assignments at different stages. 3.First of all, (become)aware of what causes your worry will help to reduce the stress.4.They often seem (dislike) being questioned.5.But mobile phones are also a thre

35、at to our health. (use) them for too long tends to make us passive and ignore physical exercise,which will cause obesity and poor eyesight.6.To really appreciate and understand another language you need (understand) its culture and philosophy.7.World Industrial Design Day is for teaching people abou

36、t the history of industrial design and potentially (get) people interested in the profession.8.He walked away from his real estate career to commit his life to (help) others change their lives and overcome their challenges.基础过关考点一、单词语法填空1.They started towards the village with the boy (lead) the way.

37、 2.There is one thing I dislike about him. He never admits (make) a mistake. 3A lot of people attach great importance to (become) rich and famous. 4His dearest wish is (see) his grandchildren again. 5If you dont know what you want, you might end up (get) something you dont want. 6John is not here. T

38、ry (phone) his home number, and maybe you can find him. 7Molly told me (use) flash cards was one of the most useful learning strategies. 8The educational software (aim) at helping students improve their math skills has been updated to include more interactive lessons and additional exercises. 9Her j

39、ob is (teach) sign language in a school. 10With his eyes (focus)on his screen, he didnt notice me enter his studio. 11The digital age also enables us (find) people who share our interests, such as collecting model cars or playing an unusual instrument. 12For Alistair, his decision was easy (explain)

40、. 13We need to try other approaches to (solve) the problem. 14With the night (fall), there was no news and I was on pins and needles. 15The only way for us (survive) is to live in harmony with nature. 16On social media sites, people tend (post) only positive updates that make them appear happy and f

41、riendly. 17You couldnt imagine the trouble we had (learn) the English idioms. 18Our monitor was sitting in the library, with her head (bury) in the book in her hands. 19 (occupy) himself with the job, the president has little time with his family. 20Our (late) for school made the teacher angry. 能力提升

42、一、语法填空The idea of 1. (be) able to walk on the water has long interested humans greatly.Sadly,biological facts prevent us ever 2.(accomplish) such a thing without artificial aidwe simply weigh too much,and all our mass(质量) pushes down through our relatively small feet, 3. (result) in a lot of pressur

43、e that makes us 4.(sink).However, several types of animals can walk on the water. One of the most 5.(interest) animals is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus, a lizard(蜥蜴)native to Central and South America.It can run across the water for a distance of several meters, avoiding 6. (get) wet by ra

44、pidly 7.(hit) the waters surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep 8.(move) forward. For humans 9.(do) this, wed need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears 10.(create) adequate “hitting”.二、语法填空The truth that trees are vital to our life is not a secret.

45、 They provide us with food, wood and most importantly, oxygen. Now there is one more thing we can add to this list1.(block)out harmful bacteria from water.The discovery was made by a team 2.(consist) of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students who were seeking a natural water filterone that would help c