英语语法022专项训练：时态及时态区分.doc

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1、第五讲：时态一、 【考点解读】英语中，人们在句子表达的过程中，随着时间的变化，谓语动词的形式会发生相应的变化，称之为时态。动词时态共有十六种，小升初常考的时态有五种:一般现在时；一般将来时；一般过去时；现在进行时；现在完成时。小升初考试中要求掌握五种时态的概念、动词变化规则、标志词、句型变化等，重点民办学校在分班考中都会涉及五种时态的用法。二、 【知识讲解】五大时态的区别：定义时间状语或标志性词句型结构：肯定句一般疑问句 否定句一般现在时表示习惯性的动作或状态1.表频率的副词（often）2. every+n3.once a day4.in summer主语系动词is/are表语I am 表语

2、Are/Is+主语+表语？主语+isnt/arent+表语I am not +表语主语+v（原形）She /He/It+vs(动词三单形式）Do+主语+v（原形）.?Does +she/he/it+v（原形）.?主语+dont+v（原形）She /He/It+doesnt+v（原形）现在进行时正在发生的动作1.now2.at the moment3.at this Time4.祈使句开头主语+am/is areving（动词的现在分词形式）Is/Are+主语+ving.?主语+isnt/arent+ving.I am not +ving.一般将来时将来某个时刻发生的动作或状态1.next +n

3、2.in+段时间3.含有tomorrow的词组主语willVWill主语V.?主语+wont+V.主语am/is/are +going toVIs /Are+主语+going to +v.?主语+isnt /arent +going to +v.一般过去时过去发生的动作或状态1.last +n2.段时间+ago3.带有yesterday的词组4.just now主语was/were+表语Was/Were+主语+表语？主语+wasnt /werent +表语主语+VedDid主语V(原）.?主语didntV(原）.现在完成时过去的动作对现在造成的影响或者动作的持续1.already,2.just

4、,yet3.never,ever4.数词+times5.since+过去时间点6.for+段时间7.by now8.up to now9.so far10.in the past+段时间主语have/hasdone Have/Has主语done.?主语havent/hasnt done.动词变第三人称单数方法动词变过去式或过去分词方法动词变现在分词方法1. 一般在词尾直接加s，want-wants like-likes1. 一般在词尾直接加ed。 want-wanted play-played1. 一般直接加ing。 read-reading fly-flying2. 以s sh ch x o

5、 结尾的单词加es catch-catches go-goes do-does 1. 以不发音e结尾的单词加dlive-lived love-loved like-liked 2. 以不发音e结尾的单词,去e加ing。make-making come-coming注意：see中ee字母组合发音，see-seeing，snow中ow组合发双元音，snow-snowing3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变y为i,再加es。study-studies carry-carries2. 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变y为i,再加ed。cry-cried try-tried study-studies3.

6、以重读闭音节结尾，构成一元一辅结构，双写尾字母，再加ing。swim-swimming run-running shop-shopping4. 特殊变化have-has 4. 以重读闭音节结尾，构成一元一辅结构，双写尾字母，再加ed。shop-shopped stop-stopped4. ie结尾变成y,再加ing。die-dying lie-lying（躺、撒谎）5. 特殊变化 eat-ate see-saw sing-sang do-did知识点1一般现在时一般现在时主要表示现在时间内和与现在时间有联系的时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。A一般现在时的运用（概念解读）以及情态动词用法条件例句表

7、示现阶段经常发生的动作I often watch TV at night.表示现阶段经常存在的状态The bench is white now.表示主语的特征、能力或习惯I can speak English.He likes dancing.表达客观事实、普遍真理、格言、引用时等The earth goes around the sun.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。He will fail his exam if he doesnt work hard.I will be a teacher when I grow up.含情态动词示例肯定句I can + V. 原H

8、e/She/It can V. 原We/You/They can V. 原否定句I cant V. 原He/She/It cant V. 原We/You/They cant V. 原一般疑问句Can you V. 原?Can he/she/it V. 原?Can you/you/they V. 原?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+can+主语+V.原+?特殊疑问词+can+主语+do+? (对谓语动词提问)B一般现在时的标志词频度副词：often, usually, always, sometimes, never, seldom,once a week, twice a year, 时间词组：ever

9、y week/day/year/month.on Sundays，in January,in the morning等。知识点2一般过去时A一般过去时的运用（概念解读）条件例句表示过去某一时刻发生的动作I watched TV with mom last night.表示过去某个阶段经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态He walked to school last three year.Once he was a baby. But now he is a tall man.B 一般过去时的句型构成形式含情态动词示例肯定句I could + V. 原He/She/It could+ V. 原We

10、/You/They could + V. 原否定句I couldnt V. 原He/She/It couldnt+ V.原We/You/They couldnt+ V. 原一般疑问句Could you V. 原?Could he/she/it + V.原?Could you/you/they V. +原?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+could+主语+V.原+?特殊疑问词+could+主语+do+? (对谓语动词提问)C 一般过去时的标志词 ago (two days ago/ 10 minutes ago/ long ago等,表示一段时间的词或词组) yesterday, the day befo

11、re yesterday （带有yesterday的词或词组） last ( last week/year/night/month等名词) just now, at the age of , once upon a time,（从前,很久以前）, then(那时), on that day（在那天） 用When 引导的过去时态的句子做句子中的时间状语知识点3一般将来时A 一般将来时的运用（概念解读）条件例句表示将要发生的动作或状态I will go home tomorrow.The light will be red soon.表示将来某个时间段经常进行的动作或存在的状态We will wo

12、rk at home in the future.Alice will be a teacher in ten years. 在时间状语从句和条件句中，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时（参看一般现在时态讲义）。 shall用于将来时代替will，只能用于第一人称，而will可用于所有人称。be going to+ V.原形也可以表示将来时，意为“计划/打算做某事”，小升初的 “考试”中可能还会涉及这些知识点：1）一些表示“移动”瞬间动词可以用现在进行时表将来。如：come, go, leave, fly, arrive, move, start, begin, return等,这几个词是考试的时候

13、经常出现。2） if 条件句中时态“主将从现”现象，从句常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。B 一般将来时的标志词 tomorrow 明天，the day after tomorrow 后天 next +n ( next year/month/week/summer) in the future 在将来, soon不久/马上, some day(将来的某一天), this evening/afternoon/year， tonight今晚 in+时间段，表示“一段时间之后”：例：in two weeks/days/year（对这个短语提问用how soon）知识点4现在进行时A 现在进行时的运用（概

14、念解读）条件例句表示说话时正在发生的动作Please be quiet! The baby is sleeping.表示现阶段一直在进行的动作（说话时不一定在进行）She is writing a book these days. (说话时不一定在写)表示即将发生的动作（常用于瞬间动词）The Kings birthday is coming. (生日还没到)B 现在进行时的句型构成形式现在进行时句型口诀:主语在前be在后，现在分词跟着走，其他成分不可丢。变一般很简单，把be 提到句子前，否定句也不难，be后要把not添。还有一点要注意，动作提问doing替。C 现在进行时的标志词1）时间状语

15、now 、at the moment（此时此刻）；2）句前有提示词Look !Listen! Look at 、其他类似“Be quiet!”的祈使句；3）表示现在时间的句子Its 8 oclock.等。4）句中出现where is sb?（既可以用现在进行时，也可以用于现在完成时，要结合语境来分析）注：某些表示情感、认知和所属的单词如果要表示目前的动作，不用现在进行时态，而是用一般现在时态。这些词有：like, love, hate, think, believe, miss, have, know等等。例：1. I didnt like English a few years ago ,b

16、ut now I like it very much.2. I miss you now.3. I have ten books in my bag now.知识点5现在完成时A 现在完成时态的运用条件示例动作发生在过去，持续到现在（可能继续发生，也可能结束）He has lived in Beijing for ten years. 他在北京住了十年了。（可能今后继续在北京，也可能说话后有其他打算）动作发生在过去，已经结束，对现在造成了影响或结果。1. She has left.（对现在的影响或结果：她现在不在这儿）2. I have finished my work. 我的工作做完了。（对

17、现在的影响或结果：现在我没事了。）B 不规则动词过去式、过去分词变化规律1iswasbeen52teartoretorn2arewerebeen53wearworeworn3beginbeganbegun54buildbuiltbuilt4drinkdrankdrunk55spendspentspent5ringrangrung56sendsentsent6singsangsung57lendlentlent7swimswamswum58saysaidsaid8sinksanksunk59paypaidpaid9swingswangswung60laylaidlaid10stickstucks

18、tuck61meetmetmet11digdug dug62leadledled12sitsatsat63speedspedsped13givegavegiven64feedfedfed14riseroserisen65speedsped/speededsped/speeded15drivedrovedriven66feelfeltfelt16writewrotewritten67keepkeptkept17rideroderidden68sleepsleptslept18bitebitbitten69sweepsweptswept19hidehidhidden70leaveleftleft2

19、0choosechosechosen71smellsmelt/smelledsmelt/smelled21freezefrozefrozen72spellspelt/spelledspelt/spelled22stealstolestolen73letletlet23speakspokespoekn74cutcutcut24breakbrokebroken75hithithit25becomebecamebecome7626comecamecome77hurthurthurt27bringbroughtbrought78costcostcost28buyboughtbought79setset

20、set29thinkthoughtthought80putputput30fightfoughtfought81readreadread31catchcaughtcaught82spreadspreadspread32teachtaughttaught83burstburstburst33telltoldtold84go wentgone34sellsoldsold85comecamecome35getgotgot86havehadhad36forgetforgotforgotten/87eatateeaten37forgot8838throwthrewthrown89loselostlost

21、39showshowedshown40showed90meanmeantmeant41blowblewblown91learnleantlearnt42growgrewgrown88hearheardheard43knowknewknown89holdheldheld44flyflewflown90win wonwon45drawdrewdrawn91taketooktaken46see sawseen92shakeshookshaken47standstoodstood93makemademade48understandunderstoodunderstood94runranrunC 现在完

22、成时态的标志词1already（已经），just (刚好)yet （尚，还）2ever (曾经)， never（从来没有），before（以前）3动作发生的次数为标志。4用于从过去开始持续到现在的动作: for +一段时间；since+过去时间/过去时态的句子。5其他标志词： in the past （last）+短时间； so far；recently；up to/by now D 区别have gone to, have been to, have been in词组区别示例have/has gone to表示“去了未回”主语为第三人称（he,she, it, they） May I sp

23、eak to Lisa? Sorry. She has gone to Beijing.have/has been to表示“去过已回”经常与for+次数连用I have been to America twice.have/has been in“待在某地一段时间”经常与for+时间段连用。He has been in Shanghai for ten years. E 瞬间动词与延续性动词之间的转换：瞬间动词相应状态瞬间动词相应状态come to spbe in/at/on spbegin/startbe on go to spbe in/at/on spfinish/endbe over

24、arrive in /at spbe in/at/on spdiebe deadleave spbe away from spborrowkeep join the armybe in the armybuyhaveA:He has bought a new car. She has come here .B:When did he buy it? When did she come?A:He bought it last month. She came here two days ago.B:He has had it for a month. She has been here since

25、 two days ago.A:His dad has died. I have left school .B:When did he die? When did you leave school?A:He died last week. I left school when I was ten.B:He has been dead for a week. You have been away from school since you were ten.三、【典例探究】【例题】：【选自兰生小五模拟试卷】1. There (not be) any bread on the table.2. (

26、take) them to the room, please.3. Wed better (not smoke) here. Smoking is not allowed in public places.4. Would you like (give) the book to him?5. Well have a football match if it (not rain) tomorrow.6. I am not (clean) the room now. I (make) cakes.7. It was my birthday last Sunday. I (have) a big m

27、eal.8. The sun (rise) in the east.9. He (see) a film this coming weekend.10. Where your parents? They (watch) TV in the sitting room.答案：1.isnt 2.Take 3.not smoke 4.to give doesnt 5.cleaning 6.am making 7.had 8.rises 9.will see 10.are are watching解析：1. 本题考查there be句型，bread为不可数名词，所以要用单数is。2. 祈使句的构成就是动

28、词原形位于句首。3. d better的完整形式是had better，翻译为“最好.”是情态动词，后面动词原形。注意d like的完整形式是would like。4. would like后面to do=want to do想要做.5. If引导的条件状语从句中，当主句和从句都表示将来意思，时态要遵从“主讲从现”6. 根据时间状语now判断时态为一般现在时，要用cleaning，后面也要用进行时态。7. 根据前一句的last Sunday可以判断为过去时态的时间状语，所以后面have要用过去式。8. Sun为第三人称，后面动词为三单结构。9. 时间状语可以判断为将来时，所以用will see

29、。10. 现在进行时常考的一个考点，学生要注意用进行时。四、【课堂运用】【基础】【练习1】1. He _ back a month ago. (come)2. My mother often tells me _ in bed. (not read)3. I must take it back the day after tomorrow. You can only _ it for 24 hours. (keep)4. Why have you kept me _ here for so long a time? (wait)5. Please come to our meeting if

30、you _ free tomorrow. (be)答案：1.came 2.not to read 3.keep 4.waiting 5.are【练习2】6. She _ to the Great Wall several times. (go)7. In his letter, he said that he _ us very much. (miss)8. He went to school instead of _ home. (go)9. He said he became _ in physics. (interest)10. This film is worth _. (see)答案

31、：6.has gone to 7.missed 8.going 9.interested 10.seeing【巩固】【练习1】11. We found the window _. (break)12. In the old days it was difficult for the poor to _ a job. ( find)13. Its cold outside, so youd better _ your coat. (put on)14. He is hungry. Please give him something _. (eat)15. Please dont waste ti

32、me _ TV every evening. You should word hard at English. (watch)答案：11.broken 12.find 13.put on 14.to eat 15.watching【练习2】16. Great changes _ in our country since 1978. (take place)17. I _ my daughter since last month. (hear from)18.I didnt remember _ her the book before. (give)19. Dont touch that _ c

33、hild. (sleep)20. I will _ Li Ming the good news as soon as I see him.( tell)答案：16.have taken place 17.heard from 18.giving 19.sleeping 20.tell【拔高】【练习1】21. Yesterday Mary couldnt finish her homework, so she has to go on _ it this afternoon. (do)22. We _ football when it began to rain. We had to stop

34、and go home. (play)23. Xiao Lin _ from here for about two hours. (be away)24. Last night we _ back home until the teacher left school. (not go)25. Comrade Li Dazhao _ in prison in 1927. (put)答案：21.doing 22.was playing 23.has been away 24.didnt go 25.was put【练习2】26. Where is professor Lee?He _ to the

35、 library. Hell come back soon. (go)27. Would you please _ me an English-Chinese dictionary when you come? (bring)28. Ill tell him the news as soon as he _ back. (come)29. The boy _ by the door is my brother. (stand)30. Do you remember _ the film last year? (see)答案：26.has gone 27.bring es 29.standing 30.seeing五、【课后巩固】【习题1】一 按要求填词例： write writes writing wrote written1. walk _ _ _ _2. st