人教高中英语3　UNIT 1　 Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures (2).doc

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1、Section Discovering Useful Structures限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句用适当的关系词填空1(教材P4)There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future2(教材P4)After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens w

2、ho lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 19593(教材P4)Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place wherethey were safe from the water4(教材P8)Today, the caves are just as international as they

3、 were at the time when people travelled the Silk Road定语从句的种类根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。1限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, as；关系副词有where, when, why。This is the computer

4、(that/which) he bought for his son yesterday这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。The woman who/that survived the earthquake is Amys English teacher在地震中幸存的那个女人是埃米的英语老师。I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise我隔壁住着一对夫妇，他们的孩子经常吵闹。2非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句

5、之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。He is English, which I know from his accent他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。I heard a terrible noise, which brought my heart into my mouth我听到了一个可怕的声音，这使我非常害怕。【即时演练1】用适当的关系词填空Holly, who is from Australia, has a good command of Chinese(2018北京卷)

6、She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fitHis parents wouldnt marry her to anyone whose family was poor限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的用法比较1形式不同限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。Here is the man who has been punished by the boss这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句)The project, which lasted three years, cost n

7、o less than $1 billion这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句)2先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。试比较：This is the best novel that I have ever read这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是novel)The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词为novel)The novel is very

8、 interesting, which makes me very excited那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整句话的内容)3关系词的使用情况不同(1)that, why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句，指物时要用which代替that, for which代替whyMost people didnt vote for him, which disappointed him大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他感到失望。I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。

9、(2)关系代词替代情况不同关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)The old woman has three sons, whom she is proud of这位老妇人有三个引以为豪的儿子。(非限制性定语从句)在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用that引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。She has a younger broth

10、er, who is an English teacher她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。(3)关系代词省略情况不同关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。This is a good film (which/that) I saw a few days ago这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句)The summer holiday, which were looking forward to, is drawing near我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句)(4)非限制性定语从句由“介词关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词用wh

11、ich或whomSeven people were caught in the big fire that broke out on Friday, four of whom(of whom four) were badly injured七人被困在星期五发生的大火里，其中四人严重受伤。I have bought two pens, both of which write well我买了两只钢笔，写起来都很好用。【即时演练2】完成句子她的姐姐明年将要出国，她教我们英语。Her sister, who_teaches_us_English,_will go abroad next year这就是

12、怀特先生，你等了很久的人。Here is MrWhite, whom_youve_been_waiting_for a long time她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。She has found the necklace (that)_she_lost_two_weeks_ago 用适当的关系词填空，必要时加介词1The palace that/which was built three hundred years ago is now in bad condition2Have you seen the lady in the picture who/that has a pair of b

13、right blue eyes?3The man who/whom/that the headmaster is talking with is from Fudan University4Tai Dong, where I was born and grew up, is a small city in southeastern Taiwan5Jane liked the computer very much, whose price was more than 1，000 dollars6MrGreen said that Suzhou was the first city that he

14、 had visited in China7Lucy didnt tell him the reason why/for_which she left her hometown for New York8Our father, a great doctor, saved a dying patient today, which made us proud9The big ship sank in the area where/in_which there were not many storms10He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are ve

15、ry kind to him11MrChen is now in a situation where/in_which he will have to leave the company as soon as possible12Our teacher, who teaches us geography, is very interested in music 语法与写作(用关系词升级为定语从句)1We visited the astronautThe astronaut had stayed in space for ten daysWe_visited_the_astronaut_that

16、/who_had_stayed_in_space_for_ten_days2Rose and I lived in the same roomWe often spent nights talking in the roomRose_and_I_lived_in_the_same_room_where_we_often_spent_nights_talking3The lake wont disappoint youThe lake has such wonderful sceneryThe_lake,_which_has_such_wonderful_scenery,_wont_disapp

17、oint_you4The soldiers arrived at the farmhouseIn front of the farmhouse sat a boyThe_soldiers_arrived_at_the_farmhouse,_in_front_of_which_sat_a_boy5Im grateful to PeterPeters care helped me through my hard timesIm_grateful_to_Peter,_whose_care_helped_me_through_my_hard_times6The primary school has c

18、losed downI studied in the primary school for five yearsThe_primary_school,_where_I_studied_for_five_years,_has_closed_down7His bedroom is very brightThe bedrooms window faces southHis_bedroom,_whose_window_faces_south,_is_very_bright8The factory was set up by his uncle ten years agoWe visited the f

19、actory last weekendThe_factory,_which_we_visited_last_weekend,_was_set_up_by_his_uncle_ten_years_ago9This is a photo of our friendsWe went on holiday with themThis_is_a_photo_of_our_friends,_with_whom_we_went_on_holiday10It is helpful to have a few wise and reliable friendsYou can turn to them for a

20、dviceIt_is_helpful_to_have_a_few_wise_and_reliable_friends,_whom_you_can_turn_to_for_advice 单句语法填空1He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited a few days ago2Some of the roads were flooded, which made our journey more difficult3Natural resources are things that/which are found in nature

21、 and can be used by humans4The German Football Team left the World Cup halfway, which made its fans heartbroken5There are two reasons why Ive decided to read one of his letters to the audience nationwide6As you know from what I said, my mother takes a healthy diet seriously7Sports, without which you

22、 may be weak, mean a lot in life8Tell us the day when you are coming, and well prepare your room9I bought a book which I think could help me with my grammar10Im looking for a store where organic vegetables are sold 阅读理解Raccoons are smaller relatives of bearsThey are native to North America, but they

23、 can also be found in Asia and EuropeRaccoons live in wooded areas close to water, but they can be often found near urban areasThere are about 7 different species of raccoonsPygmy raccoon is the only endangered speciesRaccoons usually reach 40 to 70cm in length and weigh between 526kgRaccoons that l

24、ive in colder climates are larger and heavierThey have grayish fur, black masks around eyes and long tails covered with black and brown bandsBecause of their tails, they are also called “ringtail”Raccoons_are_omnivoresThey like to eat insects, eggs, small mammals, fruit, berries, garbage, and so onR

25、accoons hands look like humansThey each have five fingers and are used to collect food, open shells, door or trash cansRaccoons often place food in water before they start to eat itThey have highly sensitive sense of touch and water increases their sensitivity even moreBy touching the food, they get

26、 better insight about things they will eatThey are easily adaptable(适应的) to various environmentsThey can live in hollow(中空的) trees equally happily like they can in useless carsRaccoons live on their own and hunt at nightThey dont hibernate(冬眠), but they spend the coldest days of winters in their hol

27、esMating(交配) season takes place from January to mid MarchTwo months later, female will give birth to 34 babiesTheir tails dont have bands, and the mask around eyes is still missingMother is very protective and she will teach them how to survive and what to eat as they become ready to leave the holeR

28、accoons usually can live only 18 to 31 years in the wild, but they can live up to 20 years at a zooRaccoons can pass rabies, a kind of disease, to homeraised animals and people, which is very dangerousWhats more, their waste often has roundworms【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了与浣熊有关的一些知识。1What do we learn a

29、bout raccoons?AThey love living near waterBThey are at risk of dying outCThey love getting close to humansDThey only live in areas far from urban areasA解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的Raccoons live in wooded areas close to water以及第三段的Raccoons often place food in water before they start to eat it可推断，浣熊喜欢住在水边。2What do

30、es the author most probably mean by saying “Raccoons are omnivores”？AThey dont hibernateBThey are very large animalsCThey are sensitive to foods tastesDThey feed on many different types of foodD解析：句意理解题。根据第三段的They like to eat insects, eggs, small mammals, fruit, berries, garbage, and so on可推测，作者是想说明

31、浣熊是杂食动物。3What are raccoons good at?AFinding food in deep waterBUsing their feet to open foodCAdapting to a new environmentDTelling differences among smellsC解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的They are easily adaptable(适应的) to various environments可知，浣熊很擅长在新的环境里生活。4After reading the text, we can say that_Araccoons like at

32、tacking humansBpeople consider raccoons very lovelyCraccoons and bears have a lot in commonDits better that humans keep away from raccoonsD解析：推理判断题。根据末段Raccoons can pass rabies, a kind of disease, to homeraised animals and people, which is very dangerousWhats more, their waste often has roundworms可推

33、测，人还是不要接触浣熊比较好。 七选五Selflove is sometimes considered as selfish1_ If you want to teach others to love themselves, you should help them build their selfesteem(自尊心)Here are some tips for youStress that they shouldnt feel guilty(惭愧的) about loving themselvesSome people think that selflove is selfishIf th

34、e person youre helping is guilty about selflove, emphasize that theres nothing wrong with having a positive selfimageRemind them that selflove is not the same as selfishnessInstead, describe it as being “selffull”2_3_ Have them write down their talents, their positive characteristics, and the hobbie

35、s they enjoyExamples might include gardening, having a great sense of humor, or being good at a sportIf they have trouble coming up with positive traits, let them know what you admire about themRemind them that they shouldnt compare themselves to othersEveryone has different abilities, qualities, an

36、d passions4_ Tell them that they shouldnt feel bad about themselves because of someone elses talents or traitsEncourage them to help othersIn addition to teaching your loved ones to develop a positive attitude, suggest that they help others whenever possibleHelping loved ones is a concrete way of av

37、oiding low selfesteem5_ They could also volunteer for their favorite things, such as for the animal shelter and soup kitchenAThis means loving and caring for themselvesBTell them to make a list of their positive qualitiesCExplain that selfesteem shouldnt be based on others opinionsDHowever, its an i

38、mportant but often overlooked part of mental healthEFor example, they could help their friends study or help with household projectsFSpending too much time on social media can also lead to unhealthy comparisonsGTherefore, you should tell your loved ones to accept their strengths and weaknesses【解题导语】

39、本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何教别人要爱自己，建立自己的自尊心。1D解析：此空设于段中，与上文之间存在逻辑上的转折关系。自爱有时候被认为是自私的。但是，它却是心理健康中很重要却容易被忽视的一部分。 2A解析：此空设于段末，与上文之间存在逻辑上的解释关系。此空是对“selffull”的解释说明。3B解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主旨句。后面提到的内容都是围绕要让他们列出他们积极的品质展开的。4G解析：此空设于段中，与上文之间存在逻辑上的因果关系。每个人都有不同的能力、品格和激情。因此，你应该告诉他们要敢于接受自己的优点和缺点。5E解析：此空设于段中，与上文之间存在逻辑上的解释关系。此空是在举

40、例说明帮助他人的方式。 语法填空Do you know polar bears well? In this article, we will discuss some 1_(amaze) facts about polar bearsBlack skin and white furInterestingly, polar bears usually have black skin which 2_(cover) with furWhen you see the bear white, it is because 3_(it) fur is a hollow transparent tube(中

41、空透明管) that only 4_(reflect) lightThis feature gives polar bears great advantage in their environment especially when they are huntingPolar bears live in cold 5_(place)The natural habitat(栖息地) of polar bears is in the Arctic in Canada, Russia, and so onWhile the Arctic is known for extremely freezing

42、 temperatures, bears still manage to remain warm thanks 6_ the 10cm thick layer of fat under their skin and their thick furry coatTheir populationIt is estimated(估计) that there are about 20，000 polar bearsPolar bears are used to freezing temperaturesHowever, because the global temperature is rising,

43、 ice on the sea melts a bit 7_(fast) than usualThis way, bears dont have enough time 8_(hunt) for food, so they are easy to get hurtEach of the countries 9_ bears have their natural habitat follows strict rules on hunting polar bears to prevent them 10_facing extinction【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有关北极熊的一些

44、有趣的知识。1amazing解析：考查形容词。此处用来修饰物，意为令人惊奇的，故填amazing。2is covered解析：考查动词的语态。which指代主语black skin，故谓语动词用单数，又因为black skin与cover构成动宾关系，故填is covered。3its解析：考查代词。因为后面跟名词，故用其形容词性物主代词，故填its。4reflects解析：考查主谓一致。主语是that，指代a hollow transparent tube(中空透明管)，因此谓语动词用单数形式，故填reflects。5places解析：考查名词的数。此处泛指“寒冷的地方”，因为place是可数名词，故填places。6to解析：考查固定搭配。thanks to是固定搭配，意为“多亏；由于”，故填to。7faster解析：考查副词的比较级。因为前面有a bit修饰，后面跟than，且用来修饰动词melt，故用副词的比较级形式。8to hunt解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作后置定语，故填to hunt。9where解析：考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是countries，在从句中作状语，故填where。10from解析：考查介词。prevent sbfrom doing sth是固定句式，故填from。