英语语法015专项训练：动词2.doc

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1、第四讲：动词一、 【考点解读】动词在英语的词类中非常重要，在接下来的学习中，小朋友们将会了解它的分类并掌握其用法。我们本次将从动词的分类、不同时态句型中的变化形式等方面进行纵向对比学习。学生要特别背诵一些不规则动词的变化形式以及谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别。二、 【知识讲解】知识点1 动词分类定义：动词表示人或事物的动作或状态。A 常见的实义动词考点一 使役动词和感官动词 名称含义固定句型例句make使make sb do sthThe boss always makes us do a lot of work.let让let sb do sthHe lets the girl under 18

2、 smoke here.see看见see sb do/doing sthI saw him enter the room.hear听到hear sb do/doing sthThey heard the girl singing .see/hear sb do sth:表示宾语完成了某个动作或者经常做这个动作。二 使动词adj(令人.）adj(感到.)interestinterestinginterestedexciteexcitingexcitedsurprisesurprisingsurprisedamazeamazingamazedastonishastonishingastonishe

3、dshockshockingshockedpuzzlepuzzlingpuzzledpleasepleasantpleasedamuseamusingamusedentertainentertainingentertaineddisappointdisappointingdisappointedconfuseconfusingconfusedtiretiringtiredboreboring boredrelaxrelaxingrelaxedembrassembrassingembrassed see/hear sb doing sth:表示宾语正在进行的动作。B 系动词（主语+连系动词+形容

4、词作表语）1)系动词的三种词汇意义表示状态的持续。常见的动词有：stand、keep、stay、lie、continue、burn、hold等。如：The soldiers on guard keep alert under all circumstances.The fish stayed fresh.表示具有某种性质、特征和处于某种状态。常见的动词有：smell、sit、look、sound、mean、break、feel、ring、seem、appear、taste、read、remain等。如：The actor looked the main part in the play.She

5、 didnt look her age.The idea sounds great.What he said appeared true.表示动词的动作或过程所产生的结果或状态的开始。常见的有：go、come、grow、run、rise、wear、prove、turn、wash、fall、drop、blush、become、get、turn、out、come off等。如：The food goes bad in hot weather.Her great aim will come true one day in the future.His money ran short.The plan

6、 turned out wrong and useless in the end.He came off second best.The technology came in useful.根据以上系动词的三种含义，可将系动词分为三类：持续类系动词、感官类系动词和变成类系动词。2)系动词的五种语法结构因为系动词是构成系表结构的先决条件，所以五种语法结构都是系表结构。只是表语可由不同的词，如：形容词(小升初常考)、名词、副词、分词和介词短语充当。系动词+形容词这类结构最常见。常见的系动词有：sound、look、feel、smell、turn、eat、taste、keep、grow、play、g

7、o、become等。如：The song sounds very beautiful.The soup tastes delicious.C. 助动词的分类：一般现在时dodoes一般过去时did/一般将来时will/shall/现在完成时havehasD 情态动词的用法情态动词词义&用法注意事项特殊用法cancould1.表具备某种能力can表现在能力；could表示过去能力.可用be able to代替；was/were able to 表示成功做了某事（1） 表惊异、怀疑、不相信、不耐烦等。（此意常用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句语气）Can/Could this be true?2.表请求和

8、允许请求用could 语气委婉允许不用 could.3.表“可能性”can用于否定和疑问句(could不限)can (be)表示有时候会（常与sometimes, at times 连用）maymight1.表请求和允许请求用might语气更委婉。允许时用may，表示“可以”（表示允许时不用might）。2.表可能性“也许”此意常用于肯定句。（might可能最小）3表祝愿固定句型为“May+主语+V原型”：May you succeed!must1.表“必须”must多表主观、现在/将来义务; have to多表客观、过去义务mustnt表禁止；否定用neednt / dont have to

9、含must的疑问句否定回答用neednt（1）表示必然结果：All men must die.人固有一死。（2）表示一种与说话人愿望相反、不耐烦的感情色彩，可译为“一定要、偏偏、非要”：If you must know, her name is Mary.2.表推测：“肯定是、准是”只用于肯定句。在否定句/疑问句中用can/couldwillwould1.表意愿,决心等would此时为will过去式，无意义差别（1） will表命令（说话者确定命令一定会得到执行）或允诺：You will report to me afterwards.(命令)（2）可用于祈使句附加疑问句(反义疑问句)：(此时

10、would比will委婉) Dont go now, will you?（3）would短语：would rather/would prefer宁愿；would like/would love喜欢/想要。2.表经常性，习惯性，倾向性，would表过去反复的动作/某种倾向(相对于used to无“现已无此习惯”之义。)3.表功能，性质叙述真理：The tree will leave without water for 3 months.4.表估计：“想必，大概”（只时态区别）此意表对目前事物的预料。That will be the postman ringing.(would表示过去/现在；wi

11、ll表示现在/将来)5.表“请求/要求”（Will you？）此意用于疑问句，常与you连用Will you give me a piece of paper?shall（shant）1.表征求意见（“好不好”）用在第一、三人称Shall the reporters wait outside or what?点2其他示例：He shall have the book when I finish reading.(允诺)You shall fail if you dont work harder.（警告）You shall come at once.（命令）2.表允诺、威胁、警告、命令或根据规定

12、有义务做用于第二、第三人称Passengers shall not talk with the driver while the bus is moving3.表规章、法令、预言：“必须”用于所有人称Every competitor shall wear a numbershouldought to1.表示道义上的责任，义务或要求，有时表示劝告：You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says.（1）should 用于疑问句中表示说话人对某事不能理解，惋惜，感到意外，赞叹，愤怒、惊异等感情，意为“竟会”，有时也用于

13、陈述句中。（2）should还可以用在if引导的条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能，相当于“万一”的意思。2.表示推测和可能性，是“ (按理说)应该”之意肯定的语气没有must用于推测时强This pen ought to /should be yours.3.表示说话人的一种谦逊，客气，委婉的语气此意常用于第一人称时：You are mistaken， I should say . (依我看你是搞错了)知识点2动词的表现形式及其构成方法（详见本书“动词的时态”）知识点3句子的成分和基本句型三、【典例探究】【例题1】：-What _the sign mean? -It

14、means you cant _here.A. is, smoking B. does, smoke C. did, smoke D. are, smoke【例题2】：She cant ride a bicycle. She _school on foot.A. must get to B. has to get to C. has to go to D. have to go to【例题3】：She is willing things and help others. A. to share B. shareC. sharingD. to sharing答案：B C A四、【课堂运用】【基础

15、】【练习1】照样子，写出动词的四种形式。例： write writes writing wrote written1. walk _ _ _ _2. study _ _ _ _3. wish _ _ _ _4. play _ _ _ _5. rain _ _ _ _6. go _ _ _ _7. die _ _ _ _8. run _ _ _ _9. come _ _ _ _10. do _ _ _ _11. fly _ _ _ _12. stop_ _ _ _13. see_ _ _ _14. swim_ _ _ _15. buy_ _ _ _【练习2】选择正确的单词填空。1. He _ (

16、am, is, are)from England. He and I (am,is, are )friends.2. That dog_ (am, is, are) a fat and lazy.3. We _ (dont, doesnt, didnt) have lessons every Friday afternoon.4. There _ (be, is, are) a big hospital and three schools near the park.5. The salad _ (taste, tastes) delicious.6. Ann is _ (sitting, s

17、iting) in the bedroom, while Andy is (runing, running)in the garden.7. Our school _ (have, has) two big gates.8. We _ (will, should) always treat other people nicely.9. Bob _ (may, can) not like the gift that I bought him.10. I have much work to do this evening and I _ (dont, cant) go to the party.【

18、巩固】【练习1】用所给的实义动词的适当形式填空。1. Can you _ (speak) English?2. We _ (have) a maths test tomorrow.3. _John _ (know) that man in black?4. Peter _ (ride) his new bicycle in the garden. Hes happy.5. Tom wants _ (drink) some juice.6. I like _ (collect) stamps very much.7. Jack often _ (go) to school at seven.8.

19、 _you_ (go) swimming last week?9. He _ (open) the door just now.10. I am good at _ (sing).【练习2】用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Its _ ( rain) now. We cant _ (go) out and play.2. My uncle _ (come) to see us tomorrow.3. Sit down, please. _ (have) some tea.4. Lucy _(phone) home just now. But nobody_(answer).5. Who can

20、_ (make) him _ (laugh)?6. People _ (wear) warm clothes in cold winter. 7. I shall ask Alice _ (help) you.8. The boy _ (grow) up. He became a basketball player.9. I _ (study) in this school in 2001.10. I saw them _ (clean) the street yesterday.【拔高】【练习1】用动词的适当形式填空1. Its the first time I _ (travel) by

21、plane.2. You _ (catch) a cold if you _ (not put) on your overcoat.3. While I _ (mop) the floor, my mother _ (do)the washing.4. By last year, he_ (change) three jobs.5. All work and no play _ (make) Jack a dull boy.6. He _ (be) away from home for three years.7. -_you _ (be) to Shanghai Grand Theater?

22、 -Yes, I have. I _ (go) there last month.8. He told us that he _ (ask) for leave the next week.9. I felt sick when I _ (take) the exam.10. Mother didnt leave the baby until he _ (fall) asleep.【练习2】单项选择填空1. I didnt see you at the meeting. I thought you _ not there.A. were B. was C. had D. are2. We we

23、re glad to know that he _in Shanghai for another week.A. will stay B. would stay C. are staying D. had stayed3. I _sure that you _ the exam.A. am.pass B.am.will pass C. was.pass D. was.will pass4. Our teacher told us that water _at 0C.A. freeze B. froze C. freezes D. would freeze5. Guangzhou _in the

24、 south of China.A. locates B.is lying C.is locating D. lies6. We _all the work by last week.A. finished B. have finished C. had finished D. will finish7. I _see him when I was walking in the street.A. happen to B. was happening to C. happened to D. happens to8. I _the window as soon as it _to rain.A

25、. closed.started B. closed.was startingC. was closing.started D. had closed.started9. There _an English contest next week. Will you take part in it?A. is having B.is going to have C. will have D. will be10. We _close friends for more than ten years.A. became B. were C. have become D. have been四、 【课后

26、巩固】五、【习题1】1.写出下列动词的过去时和过去分词am/is eat are fall begin feel break give bring go build have buy hear can hit come hurt cut keep do know draw learn drink leave drive make 2.用动词的适当形式填空。1. He _(graduate)from university in two weeks.2. She _（read）a lot of English novels in the past few years.3. It _(be)thre

27、e years since we moved here.4. I _(write)a composition this time last night.5. The train _(leave) when we got to the railway station.【习题2】句型转换。1. My little sister is watching TV now. (对划线部分提问）_is your little sister _now?2. The book cost me 100 yuan. (变为否定句）The book _cost me 100 yuan.3. We used to st

28、ay with him happily. (变为一般疑问句）_you _ _ stay with him happily?4. Tom took the plane to Beijing the day before yesterday.(同义句转换）Tom _ _Beijing the day before yesterday.5. “Im sorry,”said he .(同义句转换）He _ sorry _me.【习题3】1May I stop my car here? No, you_.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. dont have to2. Must

29、 we clean the house now?No, you _.A. neednt B. may not C. mustnt D. cant3. John his father about his failure in the exam.A. dares not tell B. dares not tellingC. dare not tell D. dares not to tell4. You return the book now. You can keep it next week if you like.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not

30、5. Johnny, you play with the knife, youhurt yourself.A. wont.cant B. mustnt.mayC. shouldnt, must D. cant.shouldnt6.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _get out.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to7. Would you go out for a walk with me?No, I . My girl friend is coming.A.

31、 wouldnt B. shall not C. wont D. shouldnt8. Man die without water.A. Will B. can C. need D. Shall9. If he started at 9 0clock, he be there by now.A. Need B. shall C. ought to D. Must10. I mailed the letter two weeks ago. She_it.A. must receive B. cant receive C. might receive D. must have received11

32、.The professor gave orders that the experiment_ before 5:30p.m.A. be finished B. will finishC. must be finished D. would be finished12.There was plenty of time. You_.A. mustnt hurry B. mustnt have hurriedC. neednt hurry D. neednt have hurried13.Tom was a diligent boy. He go to school though it was r

33、aining hard. A was able to B. Could C. couldnt D. wasnt able to14. _I go back before lunch?No, I dont think you_.A. Need.must B. Do.need to C. Must.have to D. May . ought to15. The teacher do all the exercises, but a pupil_.A. neednt.must B. may not.mustC. neednt.neednt D. cant.must16.Would you open

34、 the window please ?Yes, I_.A. Will B. would C. do D. Can17. A lion only attacks a human being when it is hungry.A. Should B. can C. will D. shall18. Must I finish this novel this morning ?No, you_.A. mustnt B. might not C. dont have to D. cant19. The taxi _ only hold six passengers. It is full. You

35、 take the next one.A. may.may B. Can.may C. may.can D. must.can20. I a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.A. may come B. may have come C. could have come D. must have come21. I wish to go home now, I?A. may B. cant C. must D. do22. He must have finished his homework,_ he?A. mustnt

36、 B. didnt C. neednt D. hasnt23. This pen looks like mine, yet it isnt. Whose it be?A. Must B. can C. may D. might24. He didnt do well in the exam. He hard at his lessons.A. must have worked B. ought to have workedC. would have worked D. has worked25. I wonder how he that to the teacher.A. dare to sa

37、y B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say26. Mr Baker, a number of students want to see you. _ they wait here or outside?A. Should B. Will C. Shall D. Are27. You the trees. Look, it is raining now.A. mustnt have watered B. neednt have wateredC. could have watered D. might have watered28. Igive you an answer tomorrow. I promise!A. must B. Will C. may D. shall29. As a soldier, you do