人教高中英语2020-2021学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册UNIT4 SPACE EXPLORATION SectionⅡ导学讲义.docx

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1、Section Reading and Thinking.课标单词1.单词拼写astronaut /strnt/n.宇航员;太空人rocket /rkt/n.火箭;火箭弹launch /lnt/v.发射;发起;上市data /det/n.资料;数据satellite /stlat/n.人造卫星;卫星vehicle /vikl/n.车辆;交通工具leap /lip/n.跳跃;剧增;剧变;v.跳过;跃过ongoing /n/adj.持续存在的;仍在进行的;不断发展的 2.根据英语释义选词填空mankind, procedure, gravity, frontier, universe, giant

2、, agency, orbit, desireorbit: a path followed by a planet or an object as it moves around another planet, star,moon and so onmankind: all humans, thought about as one large groupagency: a business or an organization that provides a special service on behalf of other businesses or organizationsproced

3、ure: a way of doing sth.,especially the usual or correct way; the official or formal order in business or lawgravity: the force that attracts objects in space towards each othergiant: an unusually large person, animal or plant; very large or much stronger and more importantuniverse: the whole of spa

4、ce and everything in it, including the earth, the planets and the starsdesire: a strong wish to have or do sth.frontier: a line that separates two countries3.词汇拓展mental/mentl/adj.精神的;思想的 mentally /mentli/adv.精神上;智力上;思想上intelligent /nteldnt/adj.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的 intelligence /nteldns/ n.智力;才智;智慧 determin

5、e /dtmn/vt.查明;确定;决定 determined /dtmnd/ adj.有决心的;意志坚定的 disappointed /dspntd/adj.失望的;沮丧的 disappoint /dspnt/vt.使失望independent /ndpendnt/ adj.独立的;自立的 independently /ndpendntli/ adv.独立地;自立地 signal /snl/vt.& vi.标志着;标明;发信号;n.信号;标志 sign /san/ n.迹象;符号;记号;手势;指示牌succeed /sksid/vt.& vi.成功;继承;继任success /skses/n.

6、成功,胜利;成功的人或事物 successful /sksesfl/ adj.成功的;有成就的 successfully/sksesfli/ adv.成功地;顺利地.情境语块1.become the first Chinese astronaut成为中国第一位宇航员2.the selection procedure选拔的过程3.benefit from Chinas space programme从中国的太空项目中获益4.an airline pilot飞机飞行员5.a training course/programme培训课程/计划6.escape Earths gravity摆脱地球引力7

7、.realise ones dream实现的梦想8.explore the universe探索宇宙9.receive mental and physical training接受心理上和身体上的训练10.with the development of aerospace science and technology 随着航空航天科技的发展.情境佳句1.句型公式be+adj.+enough+ to do sth.教材原句First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.尝试翻译首先,你必须足

8、够聪明以获得相关的大学学位。2.句型公式make/let/have+宾语+宾语补足语教材原句These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died. 尝试翻译这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但对宇宙探索的渴望从未消失。3.句型公式 not only.but also.教材原句Despite the difficulties,scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to u

9、nderstand how the universe began,but also help us survive well into the future.尝试翻译尽管困难重重,科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源,而且能帮助我们更好地生存到未来。.文本理解Step 1Reading for the main idea.Whats the main idea of each paragraph?A.The development and achievements of modern space technology.B.The strong determination of hu

10、man beings for future space exploration.C.An early mankinds desire to explore space.D.Space exploration accidents happened in the past.E.About the achievements China has made in a short time.Para. 1:C Para. 2:A Para. 3:D Para. 4:E Para. 5:B阅读技巧 在阅读时,当文章的主题句不是很明显的时候,我们就要反复、仔细地把整段文章多读几遍,抓住文章的关键词,弄清作者反

11、复强调的意思,从而概括出文章的主旨大意和段落大意。Step 2Reading for the structure.Fill in the following blanks with proper words.Para. 1People have always wanted to learn more about space and 1.make vehicles to carry people into space to find out the secrets of the 2.universe.Para. 2Before the mid-20th century, most people

12、felt 3.travelling into space was an impossible dream. But after many experiments,scientists succeeded in making 4.rockets that could escape Earths 5.gravity.Paras. 34In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the 6.first person to go into space.In 1969,Neil Armstrong stepped onto the 7.moon.In 2003, Yang Liwei su

13、ccessfully 8.orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.And China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 to dock with it, which 9.signalled one step further in Chinas plan to establish a space station in the future.Para. 5Europe, the US, and China all have plans to 10.further st

14、udy and explore space.Step 3Reading for the details.Choose the best answer according to the passage. 1.Which satellite was launched by the USSR in 1957?A.Shenzhou 5.B.Sputnik 1.C.Voyager 1.D.The USSRs Soyuz 11.答案B2.Who was the first person in the world to go into space?A.Yang Liwei.B.Neil Armstrong.

15、C.Yuri Gagarin.D.Liu Yang.答案C3.Who was the first man to orbit Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft?A.Yang Liwei.B.Zhai Zhigang.C.Fei Junlong.D.Jing Haipeng.答案A4.In which satellites all the astronauts died during their missions?A.The USSRs Soyuz 11 and Americas Challenger.B.Change 4 and Jade Rabbit.C.C

16、hallenger and Voyager 1.D.Shenzhou 5 and Shenzhou 6.答案A.难句突破1.图解难句自我分析这是一个主从复合句。句中that引导定语从句,修饰先行词rockets。尝试翻译经过多次试验,他们成功地制造出了能脱离地球引力的火箭。2.图解难句自我分析这是一个主从复合句。句中because引导表语从句。尝试翻译这是因为尽管存在巨大的风险,人们仍然相信继续太空探索的重要性。.文本复述Step 1Question Answering根据课文内容回答下列问题。1.What did we know about scientists after many exp

17、eriments?After many experiments,scientists succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earths gravity.2.Who became the first person to go into space in 1961?In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person to go into space.3.What achievements have scientists achieved in modern space technology?In 196

18、9, Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon. In 2003, Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth.China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab, which signalled one step further in Chinas plan to establish a space station in the future.4.What is the future of human space exploration?Europe, the US, and China all ha

19、ve plans to further study and explore space. Step 2Text Retelling将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的60词左右的短文。After many experiments,scientists succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earths gravity.In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person to go into space.In 1969,Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon

20、.In 2003, Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth.China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab, which signalled one step further in Chinas plan to establish a space station in the future.Europe, the US, and China all have plans to further study and explore space. 板块一语言知识1.Astronauts not only had to learn h

21、ow to use space equipment, but also had to do a lot of mental and physical training.(教材P38) 宇航员不仅要学习如何使用太空装备,而且还要进行很多心理和身体方面的训练。语言点1mental adj.精神的;思想的情境探究It is said that taking exercise is good for mental development.据说锻炼对智力发展有好处。Long years of civil war in that African country affected peoples physi

22、cal and mental health.在那个非洲国家,多年内战影响人们的身心健康。(2019天津)By delaying the development of mental and physical functioning problems, people can still be engaged in society in their senior years.通过推迟心理和生理机能问题的发展,人们仍然可以在晚年参与社会。归纳拓展(1)mental development智力发展physical and mental health身心健康physical and mental cond

23、ition身心状况(2)physical adj.身体的;肉体的 (3)mentally adv.精神上;智力上;思想上学以致用(1)单句填空She came back from work exhausted,both physically and mentally (mental).(2)完成句子教育的目的就是促进孩子们的身心健康。The purpose of education is to promote childrens physical and mental health.我们应当多关注老年人的身心状况。We should focus more on the physical and

24、 mental condition of the old.2.First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.(教材P39)首先,你必须足够聪明以拿到有关(航空航天)的大学学位。Paraphrase:Above all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 语言点2first of all 首先;第一;最重要情境探究From the first, they didnt trust us.从一开始,他

25、们就不相信我们。My son was very strong and didnt turn to me for help from first to last.我的儿子很强大,自始至终未求助于我。My parents didnt understand what I meant at first. After knowing it, they both supported me.我的父母最初不明白我的意思。后来知道以后,他们都支持我。归纳拓展from the (very)first从一开始from first to last从头到尾;自始至终at first起先;最初学以致用(1)单句填空Fir

26、st of all, you should improve your spoken English.At first,I didnt know the truth.Actually the country didnt help us from first to last.(2)完成句子作为学生,最重要的是诚实。As a student,first of all, we should be honest.语言点3intelligent adj.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的情境探究But they played out the closing minutes intelligently.可是他们聪明

27、地在最后几分钟完成了。We all believe that the artist is of high intelligence.我们都相信那位艺术家具有高智商。(鲜活例句)With the development of modern technology, artificial intelligence has stepped into our daily life.随着现代科技的发展,人工智能已经走进了我们的日常生活中。归纳拓展(1)a highly intelligent student一个非常聪明的学生(2)intelligently adv.有智慧地;聪明地;有智力地(3)inte

28、lligence n.智力;才智;智慧of high intelligence高智商artificial intelligence人工智能学以致用(1)单句填空We believe that all children are born with equal intelligence (intelligent).Although the task was hard, he solved it intelligently (intelligent) on his own.I think she is of high intelligence in science.(2)完成句子苏珊是具有高智商的妇

29、女。Susan is a woman of high intelligence .3.After many experiments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earths gravity. (教材P40)经过多次试验,他们成功地制造出了能脱离地球引力的火箭。语言点4succeed vi.成功;继承;办成;做成;有成就 vt.继任;接替;随后出现情境探究Im sure that John will succeed him as chairman.我确信约翰会接替他担任主席的。Who do you think will

30、succeed to Mr. Lis company?你认为谁会继承李先生的公司?The campaign against COVID-19 in China is a great success, which is highly praised by other countries in the world.中国抗击新冠肺炎的战役是一个巨大的成功,获得了世界上其他国家的高度赞扬。归纳拓展(1)succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事succeed sb. as.接替某人担任succeed to sth.继承(王位、公司等)(2)success n.成功;成功的人或事(3)suc

31、cessful adj.成功的(4)successfully adv.成功地学以致用(1)单句填空He succeeded in passing (pass) the entrance examination and was admitted to Peking University.As a matter of fact, his father is a successful(succeed)doctor.(2)完成句子我从来没有想到这么小的孩子能成功地解决这道难题。I never thought such a little child could succeed in dealing wi

32、th such a difficult problem.4.However,some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.(教材P40) 然而,一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。语言点5determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的情境探究Our football team were determined to win the game. 我们足球队的所有队员决心要赢得这场比赛。 There is a determined look on her face.她脸

33、上的表情很坚定。I have determined on getting up early in order to catch the early bus.我已经决定早起以便赶早班车。(2019天津)We are determined that our training should keep pace with the current development in education.我们下定决心,我们的培训应该跟上当下教育的发展。归纳拓展(1)be determined to do sth.决心做某事be determined that.决心(2)determine vt.查明;确定;决定

34、determine to do sth.决定/决心做某事determine on(doing)sth. 决定(做)某事(3)determination n.决心;决定with determination坚决地头脑风暴你思考一下,“决心/决定做某事”还有哪些表达?答案:decide to do sth.; make up ones mind to do sth.词汇助记He made up his mind to study abroad, so he was buried in books, and determined to improve his English.Finally, his

35、efforts paid off. So if you determine/are determined to do something, be a determined person and go ahead.他决定去国外学习,所以他就埋头看书,决心提高英语水平。最后,他的努力得到了回报。因此如果你决心做某件事,那么就成为一个坚定的人并前行吧。学以致用(1)单句填空I have determined ongoing to the countryside after graduating from college.He is determined(determine)to take good

36、care of his parents from now on. The determined(determine)expression on her face suggested that she wouldnt change her mind.Helen was a strong girl and she finally achieved her dream with great determination(determine). (2)完成句子He is determined to make good use of(下定决心好好利用)this chance to learn more a

37、bout Chinese culture.5.and on 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.(教材P40) 在1961年4月12日,尤里加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。语言点6the first+n./pron.+to do sth. 第一个做的情境探究The girl is the best person to finish the whole work.那个女孩是完成整个工作最好的人。He is always the last to leave the cl

38、assroom.他总是最后一个离开教室。(2018浙江)Friedman points out that the green economy is a chance to keep American strength.弗里德曼指出,绿色经济是保持美国实力的一个机会。归纳拓展(1)中心词为序数词或被序数词及形容词最高级等修饰时,常用不定式作后置定语。(2)不定式作后置定语的其他情况:中心词被the only,the very等修饰时。抽象名词ability,chance, attempt, promise,reason,time, way等后常用不定式作后置定语。学以致用(1)单句填空She w

39、as the first person to think (think) of the idea.I think he is the very person to be (be)equal to the position.(2)完成句子威廉是最不可能说谎的人。William is the last person to tell a lie.6.These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died.(教材P41) 这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但

40、对宇宙探索的渴望从未消失。语言点7disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的情境探究The fans were disappointed in/with the film star when they learned some negative news about him on the website.当粉丝们在网站上得知了一些关于那位电影明星的负面新闻之后,他们对他特别失望。The teacher is disappointed at/about Tonys attitude towards study.老师对托尼的学习态度感到失望。 (鲜活例句)I am disappointed

41、to find that she didnt tell the truth to our government.我很失望地发现她并没有向政府说实话。归纳拓展(1)be disappointed in/with sb./sth.对某人/某事失望be disappointed at/about sth.对某事失望be disappointed to do sth.对做某事感到失望(2)disappoint vt.使失望(3)disappointing adj.令人失望的 (4)disappointment n.失望to ones disappointment令某人失望的是词汇助记The disap

42、pointing news that he failed the exam made him very disappointed. 他没有通过考试,这令人沮丧的消息让他感到非常失望。学以致用(1)单句填空Although I was disappointed(disappoint)I couldnt keep the toys,I was somewhat proud to take them back. We were greatly disappointed to know(know)that she was absent. The fans looked quite disappoint

43、edwhen they heard the disappointing result.(disappoint)(2)完成句子使我感到失望的是,他的行为引起了我们之间的一些误会。To my disappointment,his behaviour caused some misunderstanding between us.语言点8desire n.渴望;欲望;vt.渴望;期望情境探究I had a desire to win the game.我渴望赢那场比赛。Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same des

44、ire for online learning.我们的学生来自不同的背景,但都渴望网上学习。We always desire to live in peace with our neighbors.我们一直期望同邻居和平相处。归纳拓展(1)have a desire to do有做的渴望have a desire for有的渴望(2)desire to do.渴望做 desire that.希望误区警示(1)desire that+主语+(should+)动词原形,意为“希望”(desire 后的从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should 可以省略)。 (2)后跟名词性

45、从句,从句谓语用“(should+) 动词原形”的动词: 一个“坚持”(insist); 两道“命令”(order,command); 四条“建议”(suggest,propose,advise, recommend); 五点“要求”(demand,desire,request, require,urge)学以致用(1)单句填空He desires to join(join)the army and devote himself to the country. Several people have expressed a desireto see(see)the report. Fashio

46、n is a competitive and hard business where peoples desire for new ideas is hard to satisfy.(2)完成句子在昨天的会议上,经理要求那个项目应当按时完成。At yesterdays meeting,the manager desired that the project be finished on time.7.This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. (教材P41)这是因为尽管存在巨大的风险,人们仍然相信继续太空探索的重要性。语言点9carry on 继续做;坚持干情境探究After the meal, the man