人教高中英语20-21 unit 2 教学·知识细解码.doc

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1、1identify vt.确定；找到；显示identity n本身；本体；身份2. distant adj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的distance n远方；距离3. automatic adj.无意识的；自动的automatically adv.无意识地；自动地4. integrate vi.& vt.(使)合并；成为一体integrated adj. 各部分密切协调的；综合的5. sense n感官；感觉；知觉sensor n. 传感器；敏感元件6. prefer v偏爱preference n爱好；偏爱7. constant adj.不断的；重复的；不变的 n常数；常量 con

2、stantly adv.不断地8. normal adj.正常的；常态的；普通的abnormal adj.不正常的；反常的9. warn v警告；告诫；提醒warning n. 警告；警示；先兆10. wire n电线；金属丝(或线) vt. 接通电源；将连接到wiring n. 电线线路；线路系统11. innovate vi.改革；创新innovation n创新；创造；改革；革新1switch vt.转换；交换vt. & vi.(使)改变；转变 n开关；转换器；改变Where is the light switch in the room？n.开关His friends were sur

3、prised at his switch from newspaper owner to farmer.n.改变After ten minutes，listeners and speakers switch roles.vt.转换；交换2secure adj.安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的vt获得；拴牢；保护Foreign tourists feel happily secure while visiting the city.adj.安全的；安心的Secure the prisoner so that he wont escape again.vt.拴牢By strengthening th

4、e river banks, the city secured itself against flood.vt.保护3routine n常规；正常顺序；惯例；通常的做法adj.常规的；日常的Every newcomer must start from routine work.adj.常规的；日常的I settled down into a routine of work and sleep.n.常规The security men changed their usual routine and collected the money at a different time.n.惯例；通常的做

5、法4instant n瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的Id like a cup of instant coffee.adj.速溶的For a brief instant, I thought she was going to fall.n.瞬间；片刻I hope to receive an instant reply.adj.立即的5potential adj. 可能的；潜在的n潜力；可能性Its important to draw out a childs potential abilities.adj.潜在的This new invention has an enormous s

6、ales potential.n. 潜力We realize that any code change like this has the potential to cause some issues.n.可能性Words And Phrasespersuade vt.说服；劝说；使相信(教材P14)For example, the phrase in my opinion tells us that the passage is likely meant to persuade.例如，“在我看来”这个短语告诉我们，这篇文章可能是为了说服。例1It is easy to persuade on

7、eself.说服自己往往很容易。例2We persuaded Harry that he was wrong.我们使亨利相信是他错了。翻译我将说服他把药吃下去。I shall persuade him to take the medicine知识拓展persuade sb.to do sth.persuade sb.into doing sth.说服某人做某事persuade sb.not to do sth.persuade sb.out of (doing) sth. 说服某人不做某事persuade sb.of sth./ persuade sb.that. 使某人相信即学即练单句语法填

8、空/完成句子He tried to persuade his son to study(study) hard, but failed.We finally persuaded Ben of the wisdom of this decision.I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting (accept) my idea.我们说服了他不把钱借给那个人。We persuaded him not to lend/out of lending his money to that man.名师点津persuade表示“说服”，强调说服的结果；

9、advise表示“劝说，建议”，对方不一定接受，强调动作。“劝说但不一定有效果”应表述为：advise sb.to do sth.或try to persuade sb.to do sth.The comrade advised Dr.Bethune to move immediately to a safe place, but he was not persuaded.那位同志劝白求恩大夫立即转移到安全的地方，但是没能说服他。小片段填空At first she tried to persuade others to do the film, but finally she was pers

10、uaded by her friends to do it herself.一开始她试图说服别人来拍这个电影，但最后她被她的朋友说服，自己来拍这个电影。switch vt.转换；交换vt.&vi.(使)改变；转变n开关；转换器；改变(教材P14)Or, have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer?或者，你曾经忘记关掉电视或电脑吗？例1Where is the light switch?电灯开关在哪儿？例2We had to make a switch in our arrangements.我们不得不对我们的安排做些变动。翻

11、译遥控器让你在不同电视频道之间轻松地转换。The remote control allows you to switch easily between TV channels.知识拓展(1)make a switch改变(2)switch off 关(电灯、机器等)；切断(电流、气体等)switch on 开(电灯、机器等)；打开(开关)；接通(电流等)switch (from.) to. (从)转变成，(从)转换到switch sth.with sb. 和某人交换某物即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子She switched on the lamp because it was dark.He

12、was so stubborn that he refused to make a switch.我们问他们是否愿意和我们对换座位。We asked them if they would switch places with us你出门前要把电视关掉。Switch off the TV before you go out.小片段填空When the water is stopped, a blower switch is automatically switched on, and it blows out hot air to dry the clothes.水停后，吹风机开关自动打开，并吹

13、出热风吹干衣服。preference n爱好；偏爱(教材P14)Your home will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening.你未来的家也会了解你的日常习惯和偏好，所以当你每天晚上回家时，一切都会为你准备好。例1Its a matter of personal preference.这是个人的偏爱问题。例2She was chosen in preference to her sister.她被选中了

14、，而不是她妹妹。翻译通过数学与化学考试的学生优先考虑。Preference is given to students who have passed maths and chemistry.知识拓展(1)have a preference for偏爱give preference to 给以优惠、优待in preference to 优先于(2)prefer vt. 更喜欢即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子In considering people for the job, we give preference(prefer) to those with some experience.She h

15、as a preference for blue, while I like red better.她愿意学小提琴而不是钢琴。She chose to learn the violin in preference to the piano小片段填空Although a few clients contact me by telephone, most prefer to deal with me through email, which I have a preference for虽然有几个客户会用电话联系我，但大多数客户还是选择通过email和我交流，email是我偏爱的交流途径。inst

16、ant n瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的(教材P14)Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.你一进家门，灯就会亮起，还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放)，而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。例1I took an instant dislike to him.我一见到他就不喜欢他。例2Id like a

17、 cup of instant coffee.我要杯速溶咖啡。翻译我一听到此消息, 便通知你了。I sent you the news the instant (that) I heard it知识拓展(1)in an instant(immediately)立刻the instant (that)as soon as 一就(at) any instant 随时；在任何情况下for an instant 片刻；一瞬间(2)instantly adv. 立刻，马上即学即练单句语法填空/句型转换Just for an instant I thought he was going to refuse

18、.The instant you turn it on, youll get boiling water from our instant boiling water tap.Immediately, a car pulled over and a young woman jumped out. In an instant, a car pulled over and a young woman jumped out.He told me the news as soon as he met me. He told me the news the instant (that) he met m

19、e名师点津瞬间名词moment, instant, minute, second与定冠词the 连用可引导时间状语从句，表示“一就”。The machine will start the moment you press this button.你一按按钮机器马上启动。小片段填空In fact, I think animal attraction can be instantyou can see an elephant instantly go for another one.事实上，我相信动物间的吸引力是可以即刻产生的我们能看到，大象有时会突然被另一头大象吸引。command n. 指令；

20、命令；控制vt. 命令；控制(教材P14)All controls will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey.所有的控制都会响应语音指令，所以如果你想改变你的日常工作，你只要大声说出你想要什么，家庭系统就会服从。例1He commanded us to stop.他命令我们停下来。例2The general issued a command that all of the

21、m should come at six oclock.将军颁布了一道命令, 所有的人都要在六点钟到。翻译我劝他控制自己的脾气。I advised him to command his temper知识拓展(1)under the command ofunder ones command由指挥，由控制be in command of 控制take command of 控制have a command of. 了解/掌握(2)command sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事commandthat从句，谓语动词使用“(should)动词原形”形式即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The c

22、aptain commanded his men to pack (pack) up and march on.He commanded that all the gates (should) be shut(shut)目前，警察控制了这里的形势。At present, the police are in command of the situation here.实际上，1000人在他的指挥之下。Actually, he has 1，000 men under his command图形助记表示请求、命令、建议、要求等词后面跟从句时，从句谓语用(should)do/be done，以下动词具

23、有相同的用法。early on在初期；早先(教材P15)They can warn you early on if there is something abnormal or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.如果有什么不正常的情况，或者你有严重的疾病，比如癌症，它们可以提前警告你，并可能挽救你的生命。例1This is another one to do early on.这也是另一个尽早要做的。例2One secret he learned very early o

24、n was not to flaunt his success.他很早就学到的一个秘诀就是不要夸耀自己的成功。翻译刚开始时，在校园里找一个你觉得能帮助自己成长的人，并和他或她建立起良好的关系。Early on, find someone on campus who you feel can help you grow and develop a relationship with him or her.知识拓展earlier on在初期；早先at the earliest 作为最早日期，最早early in life 早年的时候early or late 迟早, 早晚即学即练单句语法填空/完成

25、句子She developed a musical interest early /earlier onWe shall find the truth early or late.我们最早在星期五给你答复。We will give you a reply on Friday at the earliest他早年的时候就发现了这些乐趣。He discovered these pleasures early in liferelevant adj. 有关的；有意义的(教材P15)your smart home will detect it and provide you with the rele

26、vant information.你的智能房屋将会探测出来，并给你提供相关的信息。例1Museums should have a more involved or relevant public role.博物馆应起到进一步介入公众生活或更加举足轻重的社会作用。例2These materials are relevant to the case.这些材料与这起案件有关。翻译除非你有什么切题的话要说，否则请勿打断人家。Dont interrupt unless you have something relevant to say知识拓展be relevant to与有关即学即练完成句子这一点至关

27、重要, 我们还是接着谈吧。This point is really relevant and we had better move on.她的长相跟她能否当个好老师无关。Her appearance is not relevant to whether she can be a good teacher.in this sense (in.sense) 从这种(某种)意义上来讲(教材P15)In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today.从这个意义上说，明天的家已经是今天的家了。例1In this sense,

28、personality is the very soul of art.从这种意义上来说，人格就是艺术的灵魂。例2In this sense, rule by law rule by moral.在这个意义上，法治即德治。翻译从这个意义上讲它也有利于我们的健康。 In this sense it is also beneficial to our health.知识拓展in that sense从这种(某种)意义上来讲in a sense 在某种意义上in no sense 决不；决非(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)theres no sense in doing sth. 做是没有道理/作用的

29、即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子In a sense, his suggestion is very practical.There is no sense in discussing(discuss) it over and over again.在这种意义上来讲，当然它是个问题。In this sense, of course, it is a problem.这种事情决不能发生在我们学校。In no sense should such a thing be allowed to happen in our school.Sentence Patternswhat引导名词性从句(教材P14)

30、so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey.所以如果你想改变你的日常工作，你只要大声说出你想要什么，家庭系统就会服从。句式分析：句中what you want为what引导的名词性从句，作动词say的宾语。例1He saves what he earns.他赚多少，积蓄多少。例2Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？翻译他们搞到了他们所需要的东西食物和

31、衣服。They have got what they needfood and clothes.知识拓展(1)what引导的名词性从句除了可以作宾语外，还可以在句中作主语、表语或同位语等。(2)what在所引导的名词性从句中充当一定的成分。(3)what引导的名词性从句用陈述语序。即学即练完成句子经过许多天的航行之后，他们到达了如今被称之为美洲的地方。After many days voyage, they arrived in what is called America now.最后我们来到了叫“西藏”的地方。At last we came to a place that is calle

32、d “Tibet” At last we came to what is called “Tibet”所有的人都认为拯救古庙是正确的。All the people believed that it was right to rescue the temple名师点津名词性从句中的what与thatwhat引导名词性从句常在从句中表示某种意义且作成分，而that引导名词性从句时，that在从句中一般无意义，且在从句中不作任何句子成分。“特殊疑问词不定式”结构(教材P15)It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how t

33、o sleep better.它还会为你提供更健康的饮食和如何睡得更好的建议。句式分析：句中how to sleep better为“特殊疑问词不定式”结构，作介词on的宾语。例1I dont know when to hand in my homework.我不知道什么时候交我的家庭作业。例2Can you tell me how to solve this maths problem? 你能告诉我如何解这道数学题吗？我们决定不了晚饭吃什么。翻译We cant decide what to eat for dinner.知识拓展(1)常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词who，what，which等和

34、疑问副词how，when，where等。(2)语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。(3)通常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式。即学即练句型转换The teacher taught the students how they should do the experiment.The teacher taught the students how to do the experimen

35、t(作宾语)The problem is where we should put this computer.The problem is where to put this computer(作表语)I have no idea what I can say about this.I have no idea what to say about this.(同位语)before引导时间状语从句(教材P15)Nevertheless, it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.然

36、而，要让大多数新家庭开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。句式分析：句中before引导的是一个时间状语从句。例1It will be four days before they come back.他们要过四天才能回来。例2Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。翻译我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived知识拓展(1)“It was时间段before.”表示“过了多久才”。从句常用一般过去时。(

37、2)“It was not long before.”意为“不久就”。从句常用一般过去时。(3)“It will not be long before.”表示“不久就会”。从句常用一般现在时。(4)“It will be时间段before.”表示“要过多久才”。从句常用一般现在时。即学即练完成句子如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。If you miss this chance, it will be years before you get another one.不久我们就会习惯新的学校生活。It wont be long before we get used to th

38、e new school life.过了三天他才回来。It was three days before he came back很长一段时间后她才从手术中康复。It was a long time before she recovered from the operation.1However, in the nottoodistant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we

39、 forget.【分析】句中that will lock the door for us.为that引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词smart homes；其中有两个when引导的时间状语从句。【译文】然而，在不远的将来，我们将生活在智能家居中，当我们外出时，智能家居会为我们锁门，当我们忘记时，智能之家会提醒我们关掉电视。 2. Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinne

40、r already prepared for you.【分析】句中the instant you enter the door.为the instant引导的时间状语从句，相当于as soon as；and连接表示顺承关系的并列句，其中find your dinner already prepared for you为“find宾语过去分词作宾补”结构。【译文】你一进家门，灯就会亮起，还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放)，而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。教材高考1.For example, the phrase in my opinion tells us that the passag

41、e is likely meant to persuade.(2019全国卷)She may just need a little persuading.2. However, in the nottoodistant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away.(2019天津卷) To many people, technology means computers, handheld devices, or vehicles that travel to di

42、stant planets.3.Smart toilets will be keeping constant track of your health as well.(2019江苏卷)Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meateating animals.4. Many of these new innovations are already available and being used i

43、n some homes.(2019全国卷)The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.5. They can warn you early on if there is something abnormal or if you have a critical illness.(2019北京卷)Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasnt drive

44、n primarily by profit.单句语法填空1I was persuaded(persuade) of the usefulness of his new device at that time.2. Frick had a preference for pretwentieth century Western paintings.3. The instant they heard the alarm, they fell in for action.4. After working well for a year the air conditioner(condition) su

45、ddenly started kicking up.5. It will not be long before the students take the College Entrance Examination.6. After many days voyage, they arrived in what is called Africa now.7. When to hold (hold) the meeting hasnt been decided.8. I telegraphed her the instant I arrived there.9. An older version has been detected(detect), would you like to upgrade now?10. A dog that barks constantly(constant) can be a source of annoyance to the neighbours.选词填空daily routine, early on, switch on, switch off, catch fire, just about, remote control, in this sense1First you should switch on the machine be