2024年英语语法句子成分分析.docx

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1、2024年英语语法句子成分分析 英语语法句子成分分析 英语语法句子成分是英语的核心，我在这里整理了相关学问，希望能帮助到大家。 英语语法句子成分分析 句子是由词根据肯定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语(干脆和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 主语 主语是谓语讲解并描述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。 如： 讲解并描述“谁” We work in a big factory. 讲解并描述“什么” The classroom is

2、very big. 数词作主语 Three are enough. 从句作主语 What we need is food. 我们最须要的是食物. 在“There be ”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如： There are some bottles of milk in the box. 在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如： It is very interesting toplay the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers aboutthree months to build the house. 谓

3、语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必需是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必需一样。 如：He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语 You look youngerthan before. 名词作表语 Myfather is a teacher. 副词作表语 Ever

4、yone is here. 介词短语作表语 They are at the theatre.不定式作表语 My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语 Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语 宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。 如： 名词作宾语 He never forgives others for their mistakes. 代词做宾语 He often helps me. 不定式作宾语 He

5、likes to sleep in theopen air. 动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed livingin China. 从句做宾语 I believe that they can finish the work intime. 干脆宾语和间接宾语 及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分干脆宾语和间接宾语。干脆宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了干脆宾语外，还须要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如： We brought themsome food. 主 谓 间宾 直宾 间接宾语可以放在干脆宾语后面，但必需加to 或 for。

6、 宾补 在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必需在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语. 如: 名词作宾补If you let me go, I’ll make you king. 形容词作宾补 Don’t make your hands dirty. 副词作宾补 We found Li Ming out when we arrived. 介词短语作宾补Make yoursel

7、f at home. 省略to的不定式作宾补I saw a girl go into the building. 带to的不定式作宾补 The boy ordered the dog to lie down. 现在分词作宾补The boss kept them working all day. 过去分词作宾补Yesterday he got his leg broken. 在英语中,常见的“宾语+宾语补足语”的结构有： “宾语+名词”。常用于改结构的动词有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。 We call himJack. They

8、made Li Lei their monitor. “宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。 如：Do you think his idea wrong? We must keep our classroom clean. We can’t leave him alone. “宾语+副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。 如：Let him

9、 in/ out. Mr. Li droveus home. When got there, we found him out. “宾语+介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语(即宾语)所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。 如：We found everything in good order. We regard him as our good friend. He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain. “宾语+不定式” 充当宾补的不定式有三种： A 要求带to的不定式 B要求不带to的不定式let, make,

10、see, hear, watch等 C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to “宾语+现在分词” 现在分词作宾补，此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语，有着主谓关系。 I saw them playing on the playground. I heard Mary singingin the classroom. “宾语+过去分词”。 宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成。 I had my bikestolen. The teacherexplained again and again to make himself understood. 形式宾语+形容词 We

11、 found itimpossible to get there before Saturday. 宾语+what从句 Call me what you like. Mr. Li has made the factory what it istoday. The mountain village is different from what it wasten years ago. 定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语。因为它是修饰名词或代词的，而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语，所以定语的位置很敏捷，凡是出名词、代词

12、的地方都可以有定语。 如： 形容词作定语 The black bike is mine. 代词作定语 What’s your name? 名词作定语 They madesome paper flowers. 介词短语作定语 The boys inthe room are in Class Three, Grade One. 从句作定语 The tall boy whois standing there is Peter. 修饰不定代词 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody,anybody, nobody

13、的定语必需后置。 如： We’ll go to have something English. If you don’t know the answer, ask someone else. Do you have anything important totell me? 介词短语作定语时要后置。 如：Do you know the boy behind thetree? The students in the room are all my friends. I think the picture on the left is better than the one

14、 on the right. 动词的不定式作定语时要后置 What about something to drink? I have no time to travel to China is in Autumn or in Spring. near by,below, downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置。 如： We are at the topof the hill. Can you see the village below? The people downstairs are listening to a talk now? 状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为

15、发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式，从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。 如： He did it carefully(程度状语) They missed me very much.(程度状语) Without his help, we couldn’t work itout.(条件状语) In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.(目的状语) When I was young, I could swim well.(时间状语) 读这

16、些句子巧记句子成分 The snow glows white on the mountain tonight 皑皑白雪覆盖今夜的山 Not a footprint to be seen 埋藏身后我的踪迹 A kingdom of isolation 在这孤独白色的国度 And it looks like I'm the queen 我就是那冰雪的女王 The wind is howling like this swirling storm inside 狂风呼号，内心变涌动不能平静 Couldn't keep it in, heaven knows I've tried

17、 不管多努力，再也无法躲藏 Don't let them in, don't let them see 掩藏好自己，不许别人靠近 Be the good girl you always have to be 做一个好女孩，你必需始终都是 Conceal, don't feel, don't let them know 把真心封闭，不让人看清 Well, now they know 如今被看清 Let it go, let it go 不再躲，不再怕 Can't hold it back anymore 隐私已经大白于天下 Let it go, let i

18、t go 不管他，不胆怯 Turn away and slam the door 告辞过去不留一丝牵挂 I don't care what they're going to say 别人的话，何必在乎它 Let the storm rage on 就让狂风怒号 My power flurries through the air into the ground 雪花漫天飘下，这是我的魔法 My soul is spiraling in frozen fractals all around 冰雪旋转纷飞，是我搞错灵魂在升华 I'm never going back, the

19、 past is in the past 过去已是过去，是再也回不去 Let it go, let it go 不沉溺，不在意 And I'll rise like the break of dawn 如晨曦一般冉冉升起 Let it go, let it go 算了吧，忘了吧 That perfect girl is gone 别希望我回到过去 Here I stand in the light of day 站在这里，不再躲藏 Let the storm rage on 任那狂风怒号 The cold never bothered me anyway 寒冷再也别想打搅我 英语语法句子成分分析