2011年12月大学英语六级真题.pdf

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1、2011 年 12 月大学英语六级真题及答案解析2011 年 12 月大学英语六级真题及答案解析Part IWriting(30 minutes)Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way toSuccess by commenting on Abraham Lincolns famous remark,Give me six hours tochop down a tree,and I will spen

2、d,the first four sharpening the axe.You shouldwrite at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Way to Success注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)(15 minutes)Directions:In thispart,you will have 1

3、5 minutes to go overthe passagequickly andanswerthequestions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from thefour choices marked A),B),C)and D).For questions 8-10,complete the sentences withthe information given in the passage.Googles Plan for Worlds Biggest Online Library:Philant

4、hropy Or Act of Piracy?In recent years,teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard tomake digital copies of books.So far,Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from librariesin AmericaandEurope-includinghalfamillionvolumesheldbytheBodleianinOxford.Theexact method it uses is

5、unclear;the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process.Whyis Googleundertakingsuch a venture?Whyis it even interested in all thoseout-of-printlibrary books,most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades?Thecompanyclaimsitsmotivesareessentiallypublic-spirited.Its

6、overallmission,afterall,istoorganise the worlds information,so it would be odd if that information did not include books.Thecompanylikestopresentitselfashavingloftyaspirations.Thisreallyisntaboutmakingmoney.Wearedoingthisforthegoodofsociety.AsSantiagodelaMora,headofGoogleBooksforEurope,putsit:Bymaki

7、ngitpossibletosearchthemillionsofbooksthatexisttoday,wehope toexpand the frontiers of human knowledge.DanClancy,thechiefarchitectofGoogleBooks,doesseemgenuineinhisconvictionthatthisisprimarilya philanthropic(慈善的)exercise.Googlescorebusiness issearch and find,so obviouslywhathelpsimproveGooglessearch

8、engineisgoodforGoogle,hesays.Butwehavenever builta spreadsheet(电子数据表)outlining the financial benefits of this,and I have never had to justifythe amount I am spending to the companys founders.Itiseasy,talkingtoClancyandhiscolleagues,tobesweptalongbytheirmissionarypassion.ButGoogles book-scanning proj

9、ect is proving controversial.Several opponents have recently emerged,rangingfromrivaltechgiantssuchasMicrosoftandAmazontosmallbodiesrepresentingauthorsandpublishersacrosstheworld.Inbroadterms,theseopponentshavelevelledtwosets of criticisms atGoogle.第 1 页 共 14 页First,theyhavequestionedwhethertheprima

10、ryresponsibilityfordigitallyarchivingtheworlds books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company.In a recent essay in the New YorkReview of Books,Robert Darnton,the head of Harvard Universitys library,argued that because suchbooks are a common resource the possession of us all only public,not-

11、for-profit bodies should begiven the power to control them.ThesecondrelatedcriticismisthatGooglesscanningofbooksisactuallyillegal.ThisallegationhasledtoGooglebecomingmiredin(陷入)alegalbattlewhosescopeandcomplexitymakes theJarndyce and Jarndyce case in Charles Dickens Bleak House look straightforward.

12、Atitscentre,however,isonesimpleissue:thatofcopyright.Theinconvenientfactaboutmost books,to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention,is that they are protectedby copyright.Copyrightlawsdifferfromcountrytocountry,butingeneralprotectionextendsforthe duration of an authorslife and fora subs

13、tantial period afterwards,thus allowing the authorsheirstobenefit.(In Britainand America,this post-death period is 70 years.)This means,ofcourse,that almostall ofthebookspublishedinthe20thcenturyarestillundercopyright andthelastcentury saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined

14、.Of the roughly 40million books in US libraries,for example,an estimated 32 million are in copyright.Of these,some27 million are out of print.OutsidetheUS,Googlehasmadesureonlytoscanbooksthatareoutofcopyrightandthusinthepublicdomain(workssuchastheBodleiansfirsteditionofMiddlemarch,whichanyonecanread

15、 forfree on Google Books Search).But,withintheUS,thecompanyhasscannedbothin-copyrightandout-of-copyrightworks.Initsdefence,Google points out that it displaysonly smallsegments ofbooksthat areincopyright arguing that such displays are fair use.But critics allege that by makingelectronic copies of the

16、sebookswithoutfirstseekingthepermissionofcopyrightholders,Googlehascommittedpiracy.The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied onlyonce authorshaveexpresslygiventheirpermission,saysPiersBlofeld,oftheSheilLandliteraryagency in London.Google has reversed this it has sim

17、ply copied all these works without botheringtoask.In 2005,the Authors Guild of America,together with a group of US publishers,launched aclass action suit(集团诉讼)against Google that,after more than two years of negotiation,ended withan announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached

18、 an out-of-courtsettlement.The full details are complicated-the text alone runs to 385 pages and trying to sumarise it is no easy task.Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible,says Blofeld,one of the settlements most vocal British critics.Broadly,the deal provides a mechanism for

19、 Google to compensate authors andpublishers whoserightsithasbreached(includinggivingthema shareofanyfuturerevenueitgeneratesfromtheir works).In exchange for this,the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.This settlement hands Google the power-but only with the agreement of individual righ

20、tsholders to exploit its database of out-of-print books.It can include them in subscription deals soldto libraries or sell them individually under a consumer licence.It is these commercial provisions thatare proving the settlements most controversial aspect.第 2 页 共 14 页Critics point out that,by givi

21、ng Google the right to commercially exploit its database,thesettlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the companys role from provider of information to seller.Googles business model has always been to provide information for free,and sell advertising onthebasisof the traffic this generates,poin

22、tsout James Grimmelmann,associate professorat New YorkLaw School.Now,he says,because of the settlements provisions,Google could become a significantforce in bookselling.Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on orphan works,where there isnoknown copyright holder these make up an estim

23、ated 5-10%of the books Google hasscanned.Under the settlement,when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in awork,commercial control automatically reverts to Google.Google will be able to display up to 20%of orphanworksforfree,includetheminitssubscriptiondealstolibrariesandsellt

24、hemtoindividual buyers under the consumer licence.It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted(执行)it is the subject of afairnesshearingintheUScourts.Butifitisenacted,Googlewillineffectbeoffthehookasfaras copyright violations in the US are concerned.Many people are seriously concerne

25、d by this-andthe company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world.No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained byscanningtheworldslibrarybooks,andthetruth,asGleick,anAmericansciencewriterandmember ofthe Authors Guild,points out,is that

26、 the company probably doesnt even know itself.But what iscertain is that,in some way or other,Googlesentrance into digital bookselling will have a significantimpact on the book world in the years to come.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.Google claims its plan for the worlds biggest online library is _.A)to serve

27、 the interest of the general publicB)to encourage reading around the worldC)to save out-of-print books in librariesD)to promote its core business of searching2.According to Santiago de la Mora,Googles book-scanning project will _.A)broaden humanitys intellectual horizonsB)help the broad masses of re

28、adersC)revolutionise the entire book industryD)make full use of the power of its search engine3.Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the worlds books should becontrolled by _.A)non-profit organisationsC)multinational companiesB)the worlds leading librariesD)the worlds tech gian

29、ts4.Google has involved itself in a legal battle as it ignored _.A)the copyright of authors of out-of-print booksB)the copyright of the books it scanned第 3 页 共 14 页C)the interest of traditional booksellersD)the differences of in-print and out-of-print books5.Google defends its scanning in-copyright

30、books by saying that _.A)it displays only a small part of their contentB)it is willing to compensate the copyright holdersC)making electronic copies of books is not a violation of copyrightD)the online display of in-copyright books is not for commercial use6.What do we learn about the class action s

31、uit against Google?A)It ended in a victory for the Authors Guild of America.B)It was settled after more than two years of negotiation.C)It failed to protect the interests of American publishers.D)It could lead to more out-of-court settlements of such disputes.7.What remained controversial after the

32、class action suit ended?A)The compensation for copyright holders.B)The change in Googles business model.C)Googles further exploitation of its database.D)The commercial provisions of the settlement.8.While _,Google makes money by selling advertising.9.Books whose copyright holders are not known are c

33、alled _.10.Googles entrance into digital bookselling will tremendously _ in the future.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At theend of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about

34、 what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each questionthere will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2 with a single line th

35、rough the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Cancel the trip to prepare for the test.B)Review his notes once he arrives in Chicago.C)Listen to the recorded notes while driving.D)Prepare for the test after the wedding.12.A)The woman will help the man remember the lines.B)The man lacks confidence in playin

36、g the part.第 4 页 共 14 页C)The man hopes to change his role in the play.D)The woman will prompt the man during the show.13.A)Preparations for an operation.C)Arranging a bed for a patient.B)A complicated surgical case.D)Rescuing the womans uncle.14.A)He is interested in improving his editing skills.B)H

37、e is eager to be nominated the new editor.C)He is sure to do a better job than Simon.D)He is too busy to accept more responsibility.15.A)He has left his position in the government.B)He has already reached the retirement age.C)He made a stupid decision at the cabinet meeting.D)He has been successfull

38、y elected Prime Minister.16.A)This years shuttle mission is a big step in space exploration.B)The man is well informed about the space shuttle missions.C)The shuttle flight will be broadcast live worldwide.D)The man is excited at the news of the shuttle flight.17.A)At an auto rescue center.C)At a su

39、burban garage.B)At a car renting company.D)At a mountain camp.18.A)Hegot hisspeakers fixed.C)He listened to some seriousmusicB)He went shopping with the woman.D)Hebought a stereo system.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A)Providing aid to the disabled.B)Printing

40、 labels for manufactured goods.C)Promoting productsformanufacturers.D)Sellingproductsmade for left-handers.20.A)Most of them are specially made for his shop.B)All of them are manufactured in his own plant.C)The kitchenware in his shop is of unique design.D)About half of them are unavailable on the m

41、arket.21.A)They specialisein one product only.C)They run chain stores in centralLondon.B)They have outlets throughout Britain.D)They sell by mail order only.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22.A)It publishesmagazines.C)Itrunssalespromotioncampaigns.B)It sponsors t

42、rade fairs.D)It is engaged in product design.第 5 页 共 14 页23.A)The ad specifications had not been given in detail.B)The womans company made last-minute changes.C)The womans company failed to make payments in time.D)Organisingthe promotion was really time-consuming.24.A)Extendthe campaign to next year

43、.C)Runanotherfour-weekcampaign.B)Cut the fee by half for this year.D)Give her a 10 percent discount.25.A)Stopnegotiating for the time being.C)Reflect on their respective mistakesB)Calm down and make peace.D)Improve their promotion plans.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear 3 short passa

44、ges.At the end of each passage,you will hearsome questions.Both the passage and the questionswill be spokenonly once.After youhear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the

45、 centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.A)They look spotlessly clean throughout their lives.B)They are looked after by animal-care organizations.C)They sacrifice their lives for the benefit of humans.D)They are labeled pet animals by th

46、e researchers.27.A)They may affect the results of experiments.B)Theymaybehaveabnormally.C)They may breed out of control.D)They may cause damage to the environment.28.A)Whentheybecomeescapees.C)Whentheygettooold.B)Whenthey are no longeruseful.D)When they become ill.29.A)Whilelaunching animal protecti

47、on campaigns,they were trapping kitchenmice.B)While holding a burial ceremony for a pet mouse,they were killing pest mice.C)While advocating freedom for animals,they kept their pet mouse in a cage.D)While calling for animal rights,they allowed their kids to keep pet animals.PassageTwoQuestions 30 to

48、 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30.A)They take it for granted.C)They contribute most to it.第 6 页 共 14 页B)They are crazy about it.D)They often find fault with it.31.A)Heat and light.C)Historicalcontinuity.B)Economic prosperity.D)Tidal restlessness.32.A)They find the city aliento them

49、.B)They are adventurers from all over the world.C)They lack knowledge of the culture of the city.D)They have difficulty surviving.PassageThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33.A)Apoliticaldebate.C)Adocumentary.B)A football game.D)A murder mystery.34.A)Itenhancesfamil

50、yrelationships.C)It helps broaden ones horizons.B)It is a sheer waste of time.D)It is unhealthy for the viewers.35.A)He watches TV programs only selectively.B)He cant resist the temptation of TV either.C)He doesnt like watching sports programs.D)He is nota man who can keep his promise.Section CDirec