初中英语人教新目标八年级下册Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks单元知识点.doc

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1、八年级英语下册Unit 2知识点【Useful expressions】1.Clean-Up Day 清洁日2.an old peoples home 养老院3.help out with sth.帮助解决困难4.used to do 过去常常.5.care for 关心;照顾6.the look of joy 快乐的表情7.at the age of 在.岁时8.clean up 打扫(或清除)干净9.cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋10.give out 分发;散发e up with 想出;提出12.make a plan 制订计划13.make some notices 做些公告

2、牌14.try out 试用;试行15.work for 为.工作;为.效力16.put up 建造;举起;张贴17.hand out 分发;散发;发给18.call up 打电话;召集19.put off 推迟;延迟20.for example 比如;例如21.raise money 筹钱;募捐22.take after 与.相像;像23.give away 赠送;捐赠24.fix up 修理;修补;解决25.be similar to 与.相似26.set up 建立;设立27.disabled people 残疾人28.make a difference 影响;有作用29.be able

3、 to 能够30.after-school reading program 课外阅读项目31.be busy with .忙于.32.be worried about 担心；担忧33.be excited about 对感到兴奋【Target sentences】The boy could give out food at the foodbank.2.clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now3.He volunteers at an animal hospital everySaturday morning.4.Last year, she decide

4、d to try out for avolunteer after-school reading program.5.You can see in their eyes that theyre going on a different journey with each new book.6.l want to put off my plan to work in ananimal hospital until next summer.7.Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of mon

5、ey.8.You helped to make it possible for me to have Luck.9.but I want to learn more about how to care for animals.10.I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.11.Id like to help homeless people.12.You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up.13.She volunteers

6、there once a week to help kids learn to read.14.Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.15.Im making some signs to put up around the school.16.Ive run out of it.17.I take after my mother.18.I fix up bikes and give them away.【Language points】1.The boy could give out food at the foo

7、d bank.give out 分发；散发 ；在此处相当于hand out，是“动词+副词”型短语。The teacher is giving out books to the class.Can you see the papers on the desk? Give them out to the students.【拓展延伸】由give构成的其他常用短语：2.We cant put off making a plan.put off 推迟 通常指会议、活动等未能按预定的时间举行，后面可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。Would you mind if we put it off u

8、ntil tomorrow?【拓展延伸】 与put相关的短语还有：3.We could each call up 10 students and ask them to come.call up 打电话给（某人）；征召(1) call up在此处意为“打电话给（某人）”，是“动词+副词”型短语。Forgive me for calling you up so early please.(2) call up还可意为“征召”。He was called up at the beginning of the war.【拓展延伸】 含call的其他常见短语4.They tole me stories

9、 about the past and how things used to be. used to 曾经；过去 ；表示过去一度存在或经常发生，但现在已经不存在的动作或状态。其后接动词原形，且不与表示过去的时间状语连用。used to的否定形式是didnt use to或used not to(usednt to)。He used to be a teacher.He didnt use to wear glasses.= He usednt to wear glasses.【拓展延伸】 be used to doing sth.意为“习惯做某事”，to 在此处为介词。Mario used t

10、o take the bus to school,but now he is used to walking to school .5.Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.I want to travel alone.lonely adj.孤独的；寂寞的 alone adv.独自；单独The old man lives alone, but he doesnt feel lonely.At a dark night, a man came to a lonely village.The boy was very shy, and he was alone

11、all the time.6.We should listen to them and care for them.care for 照顾；非常喜欢(1) care for在此处意为“照顾”，相当于look after 或take care of。The mother cared for the sick child day and night.(2) care for还可意为“非常喜欢”，常与not连用。He doesnt care for classical music.【归纳总结】 与care相关的短语：7.I get such a strong feeling of satisfact

12、ion when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners faces.satisfaction n.满足；满意;一般用作不可数名词。Your support and satisfaction are the best reply to our service.【拓展延伸】satisfaction的相关词汇：8.She could read by herself at the age of four.(1)by oneself 独自；单独；独立地相当于 alone 或 on ones own。He walk

13、ed for a while by himself in the garden.All the students finished their exercises by themselves.(2)at the age of 在岁时;后直接跟基数词，相当于“at age+基数词”或“at+基数词”。He became a doctor at the age of 27 (= at age 27/at 27).9.Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.try out 参加选拔；

14、试用（1）try out 在此处意为“ 参加选拔”，与介词for连用。Why dont you try out for the basketball team?（2）try out还有“ 试用”的意思。Do you want to try out this new product?10.Im making some signs to put up around the school.put up 张贴At the Spring Festival, people put up “Fu” on doors or windows.【拓展延伸】 put up的其他常用含义：11.I take afte

15、r my mother. take after （外貌或行为）像 take after着重指因有血缘关系而相像，其同义短语是be similar to。take after是“动词+介词”型短语，无论是名词还是代词作宾语，都位于after后面。The boy seems to take after his father.【拓展延伸】look like意为“看上去像”，多指外貌上像。Lucy looks like her aunt very much.12.Jimmy fixes up broken bicycle parts, like wheels.broken adj.破损的；残缺的bro

16、ken在此处作形容词，可在句中作表语或定语。My ruler is broken.Can I borrow yours?(作表语)Could you help me fix up the broken chair?（作定语）13.Id like to thank you for giving money to Animal Helpers.（1） thank you for .因而感谢你（们）；for后面跟名词或动词-ing作宾语。如：Thank you for your advice.Thank you for giving me advice.(2)give sth.to sb.=give

17、 sb.sth. 把某物给某人 sth.是代词时，只能用前者。14.Im sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.disabled adj.丧失能力的；有残疾的disabled作形容词，the disable意为“残疾人”，表示复数概念。He was born disabled but he didnt give up.I worked as a volunteer to help the disabled.【拓展延伸】 一些词加否定前缀dis-可以构成它的反义词，如：agree (同意)

18、 disagree (不同意)appear (出现) disappear (消失)honest (诚实的) dishonest (不诚实的)15.You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.make it + adj.+ for sb.to do sth.使做某事对某人来说 该结构中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语。His help makes it easy for me to learn English.【拓展延伸】除make外，常用于这种结构的还有think, find等。I think it useful fo

19、r us to master a foreign language.We find it difficult for us to finish this task by ourselves.16.Or imagine you cant walk or use your hands easily.imagine v.想象；设想imagine 作动词，一般不用于进行时。其用法如下。【拓展延伸】imagination 作名词，意为“想象力；想象”。17.I cant use my arms or legs well, so normal things like answering the telep

20、hone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me.carry v.拿；提；扛【易混辨析】 carry, take, bring与get18.Then one day last year, a friend of mine helped me out.a friend of mine 我的一位朋友a friend of mine相当于one of my friends，是双重所有格。如果被所有格修饰的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词等，常用双重所有格，即“of+ s所有格/名词性物主代词“的形式

21、，来表示所属关系。John is a friend of my fathers (= John is one of my fathers friends.)19.I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.be excited about 对感到兴奋这是一个固定短语，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。be excited about doing sth.= be excited to do sth.意为“做某事感到兴奋”。Are you excited about the new work place?Jack

22、 was excited about traveling there by plane.(= Jack was excited to travel there by plane.)【拓展延伸】 excited 与exciting20.What are your interests and hobbies?interest n.兴趣；关注 v.使感兴趣；使关注(1)interest在此处作名词，意为“兴趣；关注”。常用短语：have (an) interest in 对感兴趣have no interest in 对不感兴趣take an interest in 对产生兴趣lose intere

23、st in 对失去兴趣I have no interest in history at all.He lost interest in his work.(2) interest还可作动词，意为“使感兴趣；使关注”。This sort of Things doesnt not interest me.【Grammar Focus】短语动词1.语法概述：短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组或习语（idioms），其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。2.常见短语动词的类型和用法(1)动词+介词：相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语，且宾语只能位于介词之后

24、。如：look after 照顾look at看 care for 非常喜欢；照顾think about 考虑 agree with 同意 wait for 等待I agree with what you said.He cared for her more than she realized.(2)动词+副词：可看作及物动词，名词作宾语时，可位于动词与副词之间或副词之后；代词作宾语时；只能位于动词与副词之间。如：cheer up 振奋起来 clean up 打扫干净give up 放弃 put off 推迟take away 拿走 fix up 修理 turn down 调低；拒绝有的也可看

25、作不及物动词。This is a new word.Youd better look it up in the dictionary.Its too noisy.Please turn down the TV.=Its too noisy.Please turn the TV down.(3)动词+副词+介词：相当于及物动词， 宾语位于介词之后。如：catch up with 赶上 come up with 想出 look forward to 期望 run out of 用完，耗尽He worked hard to catch up with his classmates.Im lookin

26、g forward to the weekend.(4)动词+名词+介词：相当于及物动词，名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语位于介词之后。make fun of 取笑 make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意take care of 照顾 make friends with 与交往Its impolite to make fun of your classmate.We could make better use of our resources.动词不定式1.语法概述：动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时to可省略。它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。其

27、否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。2.动词不定式的用法：(1)动词不定式作宾语常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：想要 拒绝 忘记 (want, refuse, forget) 需要 努力 学习 (need, try, learn） 选择 同意 帮助 (choose, agree, help）希望 决定 开始 (hope/wish/expect, decide, begin/start）Lily wants to find a job as an English teacher in Beijing.He decided to help the homeless.(2)动词不定式作宾语补足语常接

28、动词不定式作宾补的动词有：ask, tell, want, teach, wish, help, warn, invite, encourage 等。Sam asked me to help him.The teacher always tells us not to swim in the river.(3)动词不定式作目的状语动词不定式作目的状语，可以放在句首，一般用逗号与后面的内容隔开，也可以放在句尾。To get there on time, they started early.(4)动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，通常表示一个具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词用单数形式。To kn

29、ow oneself is difficult.人能自知，实属不易。(5)动词不定式作表语My duty is to look after the animals.(6)动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语时通常要放在所修饰词之后。Who was the first one to arrive?3.使用动词不定式需要注意的几个问题(1)不定式（短语）作主语时，常由it代替它作形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。主要有三种情况。a.It is +名词 + to do sth.Its our duty to take good care of the old.b.It takes sb.+some t

30、ime + to do sth.It takes us two hours to finish the work.c.It is+形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, right, wrong.) (+for/of sb.)+to do sth.It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.It is very important for young people to master two foreign languages.It is clever of you to do that.（2）f

31、eel, find, make, think等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式放到宾语补足语之后。I find it necessary to have breakfast.（3）有一些动词后用作宾语补足语不定式通常不带to，这样的动词主要有三看 ( see, watch, notice )、三让( let, make, have )、二听( hear, listen to )、一感觉( feel )。【特别提醒】：动词不定式在help后作宾补时，可带to也可不带to。Did you notice her leave the house?I sa

32、w her get into the car.His parents make him sweep the floor.The teachers often help us (to) solve problems.【Topic writing】Write a letter or e-mail to the place you want to volunteer at.Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing to you about volunteering at the library.Im interested in computers and teaching, an

33、d I want to volunteer as a computer teacher for people who dont have computer skills.I love working with computers and Im good at explaining how to use software to younger students at my school.Ive taught my grandparents how to use e-mail and wechat.I like to help people to enjoy computers as much as I do, so I think Id be good at this job.I want to help out as a volunteer at your library because I know that many people go there to use your computers.Im free to help on weekends and sometimes in the evenings.Yours truly,Li Hua9