人教高中英语【新教材精创】5.3 Discovering Useful Structure 导学案(1)-人教版高中英语必修第三册.docx
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1、Unit 5 The Value of MoneyPeriod 3 Discovering Useful Structures情态动词和过去将来时态(导学案)1. to practice the basic usages of “modality” 2. to practice the grammar about past future tenses.1.理解情态动词和过去将来时态的表意功能。2.运用恰当的情态动词和过去将来时态写作。观察下列句子特点,指出所含情态动词的意义。1That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the perf
2、ect book. 2The children must have been very excited as they opened it. 3They might not receive their presents if they were not good. 4I was able to hold a knife and forkand chopsticks! 5But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother. 6Mum and I j
3、ust have to find a way to get him into the kitchen! 7Wed better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies, . 8“You neednt try it if you dont want to,” Mum said. Part 1:情态动词用法学案一、情态动词can与could的用法1表示能力:can用来表示现在的能力,could表示_。I can play basketball now, but I couldn
4、t when I was young.现在我会打篮球了,但小时候我不会。2表示请求和许可:could语气比can委婉,但回答时只能用can。 你能帮我一下吗?_3表示推测,意为“可能”。多用于否定句或疑问句。_ in the reading room now?No, he _ in it. Because I saw him in the office just now.他现在可能在阅览室吗?不,他不可能在(阅览室)。因为我刚刚在办公室看见他了。4表示理论上或习惯上的可能性,意为“可能会”。Jogging_ help you keep fit.慢跑有助于保持身体健康。二、情态动词may与mig
5、ht的用法1表示征求对方的许可或允许(不用might)对方做某事。May I come in? Yes, you may/can.我可以进来吗? 是的,你可以进来。(No, you_不行,你不能进来。)You _ go now.你现在可以走了。2表示推测(把握不大),意为“可能”,多用于肯定句。might比may可能性更小。He may come, or he may not.他可能来,也可能不来。It _ rain this afternoon. Youd better take a raincoat with you.今天下午可能会下雨。你最好带上雨衣。3may用于祈使句,表示祝愿。_!祝
6、你成功!4“may/might as well动词原形”表示“不妨,还不如”。I _ start at once.我还不如马上就动身。三、情态动词must的用法1表示命令或强烈的建议,意为“必须”。All the students _ obey the school rules.所有学生必须遵守校规。2表示十分肯定的推测,意为“一定;准是”。 Betty must be in the next room. I _ hear her talking there.贝蒂肯定在隔壁房间。我能听见她在那儿讲话。3表示说话人的一种态度,意为“偏要;硬要;偏偏”。Why _ he go out in the
7、 bad weather?为什么他偏要在这种坏天气出门?4must not表示禁止,意思是“不许”“不准”“不可以”等。You _ stop your car in the busy street.你不能把车停在繁忙的路上。5回答must问句时,肯定回答多用must; 否定回答多用neednt或dont have to。Must I finish my homework before eight oclock?Yes, you _ (No, you neednt/you dont have to.)我必须要在8点之前完成作业吗?是的,必须。(不,没必要。)四、be able to的用法be a
8、ble to意为“能够,有能力”,不仅有时态、人称和数的变化,而且还可以与某些情态动词连用(通常不与 can 连用),甚至还可以有非谓语形式。Since his accident he hasnt been able to leave the house.自出事之后,他一直未能离开家。You might _ persuade him.你也许能够说服他。I hope to be able to do the work.我希望能干得了这项工作。I regret not being able to help her.我很遗憾未能帮助她。 易混辨析:can, be able to表示“能力”时的区别c
9、an用于指现在,常表示自身具有的能力be able to用于各种时态,表示经过努力后所具有的能力Babies can swim when they were born.婴儿们刚生下来时会游泳。(自身具有的能力)Without his hard work, he _ get good grades.如果他没有努力工作,他是不可能取得好成绩的。(经过努力)五、dare的用法dare既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。1dare作情态动词时,表示“敢,敢于”,后跟动词原形,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。此时的dare没有人称、数和时态的变化,能单独构成否定和疑问。例如:Dare you climb t
10、hat tree?你敢爬那棵树吗?He _ go there because it is very dangerous.他不敢去那儿,因为那儿很危险。2dare用作实义动词时,有时态和人称的变化,用do, does或did来构成否定句或疑问句。She didnt dare to say a word, did she?她一句话也不敢说,是吗?六、have to的用法have to意为“不得不”,有时态、人称和数的变化,其否定形式为dont/doesnt/didnt have to。You dont have to finish the work now.你没有必要现在完成这项工作。Its to
11、o late. I _ go home now.天色太晚了,我现在得回家了。【点津】have to和must的区别:have to表示一种客观的需要,而must表示一种主观的需要。此外,must还表示“偏要”“非得”的意思。I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon.今天下午我不得不参加一个重要的会议。I must clean the room because there are too dirty.因为太脏了,我必须要打扫房间。七、had better的用法had better意为“最好;应该”,后跟动词原形,常用来提出建议,或表
12、示迫切的希望、警告等,语气较强。其中动词had没有人称或数的变化。had better的简略式为:d better,否定式为:had better not。Shed better get here soon or shell miss the opening ceremony.她最好快点到这儿来,否则她会错过开幕式的。They had better not be late.他们最好不要迟到。八、need的用法1作情态动词(1)need作情态动词时,常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,意为“必须”或“需要”。Need I finish the work today?Yes, you must. /N
13、o, you neednt.我需要今天干完这项工作吗?是的,必须干完。/不用,你不必干完。 (2)neednt 意为“不必”,表示客观上不必如何。Theres plenty of time. You _.时间很充足,你不必开这么快。2作实义动词need作实义动词时,后可接名词、动名词、不定式等,有人称、时态和数的变化。The bike needs repairing.The bike _这辆自行车需要修理。过去将来时过去将来时表示在过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在主句谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。过去将来时句子中有时包含时间状语the next day,soon等。观
14、察例句1I was about to get the letter.2They said the letter inside would explain what it was all about.3The director said he would meet the famous actor the next day.4They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry walking on the street outside.归纳1过去将来时的基本构成和用法过去将来时由“would动
15、词原形”构成,主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作(尤其用于宾语从句中),还可以表示过去的动作习惯或倾向。Jeff knew he would be tired the next day.He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 oclock.She said that she wouldnt do that again.2表示过去将来时的其他表达法(1)was/were going to动词原形:该结构有两个主要用法,一是表示过去的打算,二是表示在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。I thought it_(rain) (2
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