【课件】定语从句复习课件-2024届高三英语二轮复习.pptx

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1、1.Ihavealittlegift which is prepared for someone in our class.2.Sheisagirlwho has a pair of smiling eyes and long hair.3.Sheisagirlwhose handwriting won the first prize in the competition.4.She often goes to the office where I work to ask about theassignments.5.Shehelpsmealotwithmywork,andthatisther

2、easonwhy I want to express my thanks and best wishes to her.TheAttributiveClauseReview定语从句复习定语从句复习 定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句基础知识基础知识定语从句定语从句拓展练习（拓展练习（assignmentassignment）1.1.定语从句定语从句定义定义 2.2.定语从句定语从句构成构成 3.3.定语从句定语从句关系词关系词定语从句定语从句重难考点突破重难考点突破关系代词关系代词 v.s.v.s.关系副词关系副词定语从句和其他句型定语从句和其他句型 as as引导的非限定从引导的非限定从lwh

3、ose引导的定从l抽象地点名词作先行词lway作先行词l区分that&whichl定从&强调句型l定从&并列句lthat引导的定从&同从lwhen引导的定从&时间状从lwhere引导的定从&地点状从Sheisagirlwho has a pair of smiling eyes and long hair.has a pair of smiling eyes and long hair.从句从句girl关系词关系词(关系代词或关系副词关系代词或关系副词)：引导定语从句的词：引导定语从句的词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词 who（先行词一般是名词或代词）（先行词一般是名词或代词）定语从句的要素：定

4、语从句的要素：从句，先行词，关系词（关系代词和关系副词）从句，先行词，关系词（关系代词和关系副词）关系词关系词关系代词：关系代词：关系副词：关系副词：指人指人指物指物who(who(主语、宾语主语、宾语)，whom(whom(宾语宾语)，that(that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),whose(),whose(定语定语)that(that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),which(),which(主语、宾语主语、宾语)whose(whose(定语定语)where(where(地点状语地点状语)when(when(时间状语时间状语)why(why(原因状语原因状语)关系词的功能关系词的功能1、引导定语从

5、句引导定语从句2、指代、指代先行词先行词3、在定语从句中担当某成分、在定语从句中担当某成分关系词关系词关系代词：关系代词：关系副词：关系副词：指人指人指物指物who(who(主语、宾语主语、宾语)，whom(whom(宾语宾语)，that(that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),whose(),whose(定语定语)that(that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),which(),which(主语、宾语主语、宾语)whose(whose(定语定语)where(where(地点状语地点状语)when(when(时间状语时间状语)why(why(原因状语原因状语)关系词的功能关系词的功能1、引导定语从句引导定

6、语从句2、指代、指代先行词先行词3、在定语从句中担当某成分、在定语从句中担当某成分考点一：考点一：关系代词关系代词or关系副词关系副词5.Thereason_shegavefornotbeingpresentwasthattheheavysnowpreventedhercoming.6.Thereason_shewasnotpresentwasthattheheavysnowpreventedhercoming.whywhich/that考点一：考点一：关系代词关系代词or关系副词关系副词1.Wevisitedafactory_makestoysforchildren.2.Wevisiteda

7、factory_thetoysaremadeforchildren.3.Illneverforgettheday_wefirstmet.4.Illneverforgettheday_Ispentwithyou.which/thatwherewhich/thatwhen如何选用定从的关系词如何选用定从的关系词 1.1.首先分清首先分清主句主句和和定语从句定语从句2.2.确定定语从句的确定定语从句的先行词先行词3.3.回归，补缺，定成分回归，补缺，定成分-把先行词带回到定语从句中去，把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在从句中做什么看其在从句中做什么成分成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）（主语，宾语，定语

8、或状语）4.4.若先行词在从句中做若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语主语、宾语或定语则选择则选择关系代关系代词词,若在从句中做若在从句中做状语状语，则选择，则选择关系副词关系副词。1.Lookout!Dontgetclosetothehouseroofisbeingrepaired.2.TheteacherhadatalkwithTom,majorproblemispoorstudyhabits.Lookout!Dontgetclosetothehouse,theroofof_isbeingrepaired.TheteacherhadatalkwithTom,themajorproblemof

9、_ispoorstudyhabits.whose引导定从当先行词与从句中某个名词有当先行词与从句中某个名词有从属关系从属关系，表示表示“的的”，关系词，关系词选选whosewhose在在从句中作从句中作定语定语后跟后跟名词名词，它，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物既可以指代人，也可以指代物whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich/whomwhichwhomwhosewhose考点一：考点一：关系代词关系代词or关系副词关系副词-先行词是抽象的地点名词先行词是抽象的地点名词当situation,point,case,activity,scene,atmosphere,condition,sta

10、ge及及period,festival,occasion等抽象的地点名词作先行词时，要注意具具体体情情况况具具体体分分析析：先行词在从句中作作主主语语、宾宾语语和和表表语语时时，用用关关系系代代词词that/which引引导导从从句句；先行词在从句中作作状状语语时时，用用关关系系副副词词where引引导导从从句句，表表示示在在某某种种特特定定的的情形下。情形下。先行词是抽象的地点名词先行词是抽象的地点名词1.IhadreachedapointinmycareerIshouldmakeadecision.2.Therearecases_theword“water”isusedasanadverb

11、.3.Whataresomesituations_bodylanguageistheonlyformofcommunication?4.Areyoufacingasituation_looksimpossibletofix?wherewherewherewhich/that考点一：考点一：关系代词关系代词or关系副词关系副词-先行词是先行词是way1.Theway_hetolduswasquitesimple.他告诉我们的这个方式很简单。(把从句补充完整：hetoldustheway，可以看出theway在从句中作told的宾语。)2.Theway_heexplainedthesentence

12、wassimple.他解释这句话的方式很简单。(把从句补充完整：heexplainedthesentenceintheway，theway在从句中作状语。)先行词是先行词是way先行词way在从句中作状语时作状语时，关系词用inwhich,that或者省略或者省略；先行词way在从句中作主语或宾语时作主语或宾语时，用that/which引导（作宾语时，引导（作宾语时，引导词也可以省略）引导词也可以省略）。(that/which)(that/inwhich/不填不填)考考 点点 二二：先先 行行 词词 指指 物物，使使 用用 that orwhich?1.The only thing_ is w

13、rong with this is what a friend ofminesaidtometheotherday.2.ThisistheverymanIwanttosee.3.ThisisthemostimpressiveTVplayIhaveeverwatched.4.TheGPNP isintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespeciesliveintheGiantPandaRange.5.ThisisthefirstletterIvewritteninEnglish.6.We weretalkingaboutthepersonsandt

14、hingswerememberedinourschool.考点二：先行词指物，使用考点二：先行词指物，使用thatorwhich?A.关系代词用that不用which的情形：最不序正是人物最不序正是人物考点二：考点二：u不定代词：不定代词：先先行行词词是是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等等不不定定代代词词或或由由不不定定代代词词any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all等等修修饰饰时时,引引导导定定语语从从句句用用that不不用用which。Parachutting跳伞ismoreex

15、citingthananythingelseIhavedonebefore.Pleasesendusanyinformation_youhaveaboutthesubject.Thereisnothingintheworld_canfrightenhim.A.关系代词用that不用which的情形：最不序正是人物最不序正是人物1.Itsplot,_depictsoneofthecharactersbeingpunishedafter their leader was dissatisfied with their work,hasresonated(共鸣)withawideaudience.2

16、.April,14isthedateon_severalprominentauthorsdied.3.Thepersonto_thisletterwasaddresseddiedthreeyearsago.考点二：先行词指物，使用考点二：先行词指物，使用thatorwhich?B.关系代词用which不用that：指物时，介词后；逗号后(非限)(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语介词作宾语（介词提前）。（介词提前）。There are many trees _ they can have a rest.This is the ring _ she spe

17、nt 1000 dollars.2、只用、只用which不用不用that的情况的情况(2)在非限制性定语从句中。在非限制性定语从句中。Football,_ is a very popular game,is played all over the world.He failed in the exam,_made her mother angry.underwhichonwhichwhichwhich二、二、“介词关系代词介词关系代词”即即“介词介词whom/which”1、介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素：介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素：A.与先行词的搭配关系与先行词的搭配关系1）Iw

18、illneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays_Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear_mysonwenttocollege.onwhichduringwhichinwhichB.与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Haveyoufoundthebook_Ipaid29USdollars?2)Haveyoufoundthebook_Ispent29USdollars?3)Haveyoufoundthebook_welearntalot?4)Haveyoufoundthebook_s

19、heoftentalks?forwhichonwhichfromwhichaboutwhich考点三：定从考点三：定从&其他句型其他句型1.区别定语从句与强调句区别定语从句与强调句1.Itisforthisreason_SpanishisthemainofficiallanguageofPeru.(句)2.Itwasthehouse_hewasborn.(句)定语从句中关系词作成分，充当主语/宾语/表语/状语；强调句中it无意义，that/who不是引导词；去掉itis/was和that/who后，如果句子成分完整，句子能够讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是强调句。2.定语从句与并列句的区别定语从

20、句与并列句的区别1.89ofthescheduled110performanceswillbegiveninpublicinmajortheatersintheMexicancityoftheGuannajutao,therestofwillbebroadcastonline.2.89ofthescheduled110performanceswillbegiveninpublicinmajortheatersintheMexicancityoftheGuannajutao,andtherestofwillbebroadcastonline.看前后句之间看前后句之间是否有是否有andand，bu

21、tbut等并列连词或分号等的存在等并列连词或分号等的存在，若有则为，若有则为并并列句列句；如果只有逗号，内容是；如果只有逗号，内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明对前面某一名词的补充说明，则为，则为非限制非限制性定语从句性定语从句。3.that引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别1.Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.(that在从句中_,_从句)2.Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody.(that在从句中_,从句)1.that做的成分不同做的成分不同定语从句

22、的关系词that充当主语、宾语、表语充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略有时可省略，that还常可以用which来代替。同位语从句同位语从句的引导词that不充当任何成分不充当任何成分，但一般不可省不可省，也不能用which来代替。2.定从和同从作用不同定从和同从作用不同定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围限定它前面的名词范围,或或补充一些情况补充一些情况。同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容说明它前面名词的内容,且该名词通且该名词通常为抽象名词常为抽象名词idea,fact,hope,news,doubt,truth,information,sugg

23、estion,question,belief,conclusion等。4.when引导的定从引导的定从&时间状语从句时间状语从句的区别的区别1.Thedocumentisthefifthofitskindsince2000,whenChinapublisheditsfirstwhitepaperonspaceactivities.2.VitaminDisproducedwhensunlighttouchesourskin.when引导的定从引导的定从跟在表示时间的先行词后跟在表示时间的先行词后，when可译为“当时”、“那时”（从句表过去时）；“到时”、“届时”（从句表将来时）。地点状从中的w

24、hen前边没有表示时间的名词前边没有表示时间的名词，时间状从的位置灵活，可以置于主句之后,也可以置于主句之前(此时用逗号来分隔主从句),通常都是译成“当.时候”5.where引导的定从引导的定从&地点地点状语从句状语从句的区别的区别1.Acafandasupermarkethavebeenaddedwheretherewasaparkingarea.2.Acafandasupermarkethavebeenaddedintheplacewheretherewasaparkingarea.3.Ricegrowswellwherethereisenoughwater.4.Helefttheplac

25、ewherehelivedformanyyears.where引导的定从引导的定从跟在表示地点的先行词后跟在表示地点的先行词后时间状从中的where前边没有表示地点的名词前边没有表示地点的名词as引导的非限定从引导的非限定从asweallknow/asisknowntoall众所周知众所周知ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述如前所述asisexpected/hoped/supposed正如所预期的正如所预期的asisoftenthecase通常如此通常如此asoftenhappens正如常发生的那样正如常发生的那样aswecansee如我们所见如我们所见aswehaveexpect

26、ed正如我们预料的那样正如我们预料的那样asismentionedabove正如上面提到的正如上面提到的常用as引导的非限制性定语从句asas引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句指代：引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容指代整个主句的内容，位置:主句之前、之中或之后主句之前、之中或之后;意义:正如正如功能:连接上下文，表达说话人的观点看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等连接上下文，表达说话人的观点看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等。分隔式定语从句分隔式定语从句限制性定语从句Shehasfoundthenecklace（that）shelosttwoweeksago.非限制性定语从句Theho

27、use,whichIboughthasalovelygarden.分隔式定语从句分隔式定语从句要判断定语从句的引导词，就要看引导词在从句中的作用及先行词的词义，因而必须准确判定先行词必须准确判定先行词。在语言的实际应用中，很多时候从句前有不止一个名词或代词，此时要判定先行词就要准确理解题意，依据题意判定先行词。1.定语从句中定语从句中插入一个主谓结构插入一个主谓结构(Ithink,Isuppose,Iguess,Iimagine等等)ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionfor China,whichhe he remembersremember

28、s startedasearlyashischildhood.2.先行词与从句之间先行词与从句之间插入一个介词短语等状语插入一个介词短语等状语“Therewasonceatownin the heart of America,wherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithissurroundings,”herfablebegins,borrowingsomefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.3.在先行词与从句之间在先行词与从句之间插入一个定语插入一个定语Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalso

29、madeastudypublished in 2014 that/which showedamerefiveto10minuteadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.4.先行词与定语从句先行词与定语从句被主句的谓语被主句的谓语等成分等成分分隔开来分隔开来Aftertheflooding,peoplewere suffering in that area,who urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.1.These materia

30、ls are said to have a restorative effect by re-balancing ones natural energy,or“Qi”,_runs throughseriesofinvisiblemeridians(经脉)throughoutthebody.2.Heaskedaboutthefactoriesandworkers_hehadvisited.3.The 11th Asian Games,at China won 183 goldmedals,washeldintheautumnof1990.4.Iwilltellhimall_youtoldmeat

31、theball/dancingparty5.Helentmealotofmoney,without_IcouldntbuytheTVset.Pactice:区分区分that&whichPractice 1.Icreatedaworldofmyown_Icouldenjoymyselftothefull.2.PlantsaregrowninsideBioPods生物舱,theyfloatintheairandthenutrient-richmistissprayedovertheroots.3.Thefifthgrader,_startedtakingphotographsattheageoft

32、hree,livesinBandenjoyscapturingeverydaycitycreaturesthatareoftenoverlooked.4.Workers built shelters for survivors _ homes hadbeendestroyed.5.Thehousethewindowof_weredamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.6.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity_sightmattersmorethanhearing.Practice1.Itisforthisrea

33、son_SpanishisthemainofficiallanguageofPeru.2.Thenewsthatyouheardistrue.(that在从句中_,_从句)3.HerecomesthenewsthatsometouristsfromAmericawillcometoourvillage.(that在从句中_,_从句)4.There were dirty marks on her trousers_ she had wiped her hands.4.关系词who与that指人时，根据不同情况分别用不同的关系词。(1)当主句是therebe句型时，关系词用who。Thereisa

34、strangerwhowantstoseeyou.(2)先行词是anyone,those,someone,everyone,one等词时，关系词用who。Onewhodoesntworkhardwillneversucceedinhiswork.(3)当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?5.whom在从句中只作宾语，有时可被who取代。6.whose作关系词即指人又指物，在从句中作定语。DoyouknowMr.Smithwhosestoryisverymoving?Thereisacomfortableroo

35、m,whosewindowfacesthesouth.关代or关副1.Icreatedaworldofmyown_Icouldenjoymyselftothefull.2.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors_homeshadbeendestroyed.3.Intheendshedecidedtosellthehouse_windowswerealmostbroken.4.PlantsaregrowninsideBioPods生物舱,theyfloatintheairandthenutrient-richmistissprayedovertheroots.5.Thefifthgrader,_startedtakingphotographsattheageofthree,livesinBandenjoyscapturingeverydaycitycreaturesthatareoftenoverlooked.6.Thereason_shegavefornotbeingpresentwasthattheheavysnowpreventedhercoming.7.Thereason_shewasnotpresentwasthattheheavysnowpreventedhercoming.