英语语法练习041小学英语语法专题十一：（语态）被动语态.pptx

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1、.the Passive Voice（被动语态）（被动语态）princessHi,Everyone!We call the princess Laura.We call the princess Laura.The princess The princess is calledis called Laura.Laura.Active voicePassive voice1.ThelightswereturnedoffbyTom.2.Thewindowsarecleanedeveryweek.3.Milliesclosedthedoor.4.TheTVwasturnedon.5.Theboyma

2、deamodelplane.6.Atotal(总数总数总数总数)of8questionsareanswered.orActivePassivePassivePassiveActivePassiveActivePassive一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态WespeakEnglish.主语主语谓语谓语(vt.)宾语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主动语态主动语态主动语态主动语态和和和和被动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态。主动语态主动语态主动语态主动语态表示表示表示表示主语主语主语主语是动作的是动作的是动作的是动作的执行者执行者执行者执行者

3、，被动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态表示表示表示表示主语主语主语主语是动作的是动作的是动作的是动作的承受者承受者承受者承受者。汉语中常用汉语中常用“被被”、“给给”、“由由”、“受受”等词等词用来表示用来表示英语用：英语用：助动词助动词助动词助动词be+be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词构成构成。Read text-2 Whencanweusethepassivevoice?1.不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。作的执行者时。Mybikewasstolenlastnight.昨晚我的自行车被偷

4、了。昨晚我的自行车被偷了。Lettersarecollectedateighteverymorning.信件每天早晨八点收取。信件每天早晨八点收取。ThedeskwasmadebyMasterWang.这张课桌是王师傅做的。这张课桌是王师傅做的。Thebagwastakenawaybyhissister.那个包是她姐姐提走的。那个包是她姐姐提走的。2.为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。1.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.2.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.

5、Shoesaremadebytheminthatfactory.3.PeopleplanttreesinSpring.TreesareplantedbypeopleinSpring.4.Hismotherusuallywashesdishesafterdinner.Dishesareusuallywashedbyhismotherafterdinner.5.MoreandmorepeoplespeakChineseintheworld.Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.二、二、被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化

6、主主要要体体现现在在be的的变变化化上上，其其形形式式与与系系动动词词be的的变变化化形形式式完完全全一样。以一样。以 givegive为例，列表如下：为例，列表如下：一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：一般将来时：一般将来时：一般过去将来时：一般过去将来时：现在进行时：现在进行时：过去进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：过去完成时过去完成时:将来完成时将来完成时：过去将来完成时：过去将来完成时：am/is/are+done am/is/are+done was/were+was/were+donedone shall shall/will will+be be doned

7、one(is/are(is/are going going to to be be done)done)should/would+be done am/is/are+being+am/is/are+being+donedone was/were+being+was/were+being+donedone have/has+been+have/has+been+donedone had+been+done shall/will+have been+done should/would+have been+done 三、常见时态中的被动语态三、常见时态中的被动语态1.一般现在时：一般现在时：(1)P

8、eoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Rice is grown in the south of thecountry.(2)Theschooldoesntallowustoenterthelibrarywithoutateacher.Weare not allowedtoenterthelibrarywithoutateacher.2.一般过去时：一般过去时：(1)Mycousinboughtabookyesterday.The book was bought by my cousinyesterday.(2)Shedesignedthefashionclo

9、thes.The fashion clothes were designed byher.(3)TheydidntspeakEnglishafterclassEnglishwasnt spoken bythemafterclass.3.一般将来时：一般将来时：(1)Herparentswillsendherabroad.Shewill be sentabroadbyherparents.(2)We are going to hold a sportsmeetingtomorrow.A sports meeting is going to be holdtomorrow.4.现在进行时：现在进行

10、时：(1)They are doing their homework onthecomputernow.Theirhomeworkis being done onthecomputernow.(2)Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsare being paintedbyus.5.过去进行时：过去进行时：(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroadat7yesterday.The road was being mended at 7yesterday.(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Trees we

11、re being planted here thistimelastyear.6.现在完成时：现在完成时：(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.I have been told the sports meetingmight be put off.(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhas been broughthere.四、四、含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的

12、过去分词”构成。构成。结构：结构：can/may/must/should+be+p.p(1)You must hand in your articles after class.Your articles must be handed in after class.(2)He can write many letters with the computer.Many letters can be written with the computer by him.1.Someonemusttakecareofthechildrenwhenwegoout.The children must be

13、taken care of when we go out.2.Youshoulddoyourworkinanhour.Your work should be done in an hour.3.Weshalldiscusstheproblemattomorrowsmeeting.The problem shall be discussed at tomorrows meeting.1).不及物动词不及物动词(或者词组或者词组)没有被动语态。没有被动语态。如：如：belongto,happen,take place,last,cometrue,die,arrive,等。等。*Greatchang

14、eshavetakenplaceinthiscity.*ThatbikedoesntbelongtoMike.2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have/fit/ownIhaveaTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.【正】【正】Lookattheblackboard，please【误】【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。）祈使句一般没有被动语态。4)反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。【正】【正】Youmustlookafteryourself【误】【误】

15、Yourselfmustbelookedafter感官系动词没有被动语态感官系动词没有被动语态feel，look,seem,taste,sound,smell等等这鱼味道很好。这鱼味道很好。Thefishtastesgood.这条围巾摸上去很软。这条围巾摸上去很软。Thescarffeelssoft.这书很好卖。这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。这种布很好洗。Thebooksellswell.Thiskindofclothwashesverywell.这书卖完了。这书卖完了。Thebookissoldout.有些动词既是及物又是不及物动词，有些动词既是及物又是不及物动词，用作不及物动词时和用作不及物动

16、词时和well,badly,easily等副词等副词连用，表示主语内在品质或性能。连用，表示主语内在品质或性能。如：如：write,grow,print,sell,wash等等Thehouseneeds cleaning.房子需要打扫了。房子需要打扫了。Thehouseneedstobecleaned.在在need,want,等少数表示等少数表示“需要需要”的动的动词词带复合宾语的被动语态构（带复合宾语的被动语态构（S+V+O+OC）（）（）makesb.dosth.sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreenmadeJimdohishomeworkathome.Jimwasmadetod

17、ohishomeworkbyMrGreenathome.(2)seesb.dosb.beseentodoIoftenseehimplayfootball.Heisoftenseentoplayfootball.（3）Weoftenhearthemsingthissong.Theyareoftenheardtosingthissong(byus).一感一感feel(Vt.)二听二听hear/listento三让三让let/make/have四看四看see/watch/lookat/notice等变为被动语态市，等变为被动语态市，必须加上必须加上to.make sb dosee sb dohear

18、 sb dolet sb dowatch sb do主主动动被被动动sb be made to dosb been seen to dosb be heard to dosb be let to dosb be watched to doBobsentKatealetterlastyear.=KatewassentaletterbyBoblastyear.=AletterwassenttoKatebyBoblastyear.2.双宾语结构的被动语态双宾语结构的被动语态（SVIODO）1.I was given a book by him.He gave me a book.(变被动）变被动）主

19、语主语谓语谓语间宾间宾直宾直宾2.Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Mummademeanewdress.(改被动改被动)IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.AnewdresswasmadeformebyMum.My mother bought me a birthday cake.主语谓语谓语间宾间宾直宾1.I was bought a birthday cake by my mother.2.A birthday cake was bought for me by my mother.Theysaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.Itwassaidt

20、hathewouldcomebacksoon.3.Itisreported/据报道据报道believed/人们相信人们相信hoped/人们希望人们希望saidthat.据说据说4.WholockedthedoorlastWednesday?BywhomwasthedoorlockedlastWednesday?1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives_forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_twi

21、ceamonth.areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor._onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He_onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers_t

22、ohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?_atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_ourwork_today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)_somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_.weweregivenweregiventous10.Theteacherask

23、edTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike_intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine_threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken14.Thestudentsinthisschools

24、tudyGerman.German_bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?_thisquestionoften_about_?isstudiedIstalkedbythemwasntinvitedaresoldbedonehavetakenwasbuiltbetaken1.-WhydidntyougotoJimsbirthdayparty?-Oh.I_(notinvite)2.-Whatdoyouwant,sir?-Couldyoutellmeifcomputers_(sell)inthisshop.3.-A

25、lotofthingsshould_(do)toprotecttheenvironment.-Iagreewithyou.4.Greatchanges_(take)placeinmyhometownsince1990.5.-When_thebridge_(build)?Doyouknow?-Twoyearsago.6.-CanItakethemagazineoutofthereadingroom?-SorryMagazinesofthiskindcant_(take)out.1.Ifcitynoises_fromincreasing，people_shouttobeheardevenatdin

26、nerAarenotkept；willhavetoBarenotkept；haveCdonotkeep；willhavetoDdonotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,_now.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.-_thesportsmeetmightbeputoff-Yes，italldependsontheweatherAIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItoldACA4.Ineedonemorestampbefo

27、remycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests_andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesignedDCB7.Gr

28、eatchanges_inthecity,andalotoffactories_.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup8.Thatsuit_over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost9.-Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-Whatstheprettysmallhousethat_for?A.isbei

29、ngbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding10.-Doyoulikethecloth?-Yes,it_verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltBDAC11.Itisdifficultforaforeigner_ChineseAwriteBtowriteCtobewrittenDwritten12.Ihavenomoreletters_，thankyouAtotypeBtypingCtobetypedDtyped13.Takecare!Dontdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit_easily.

30、A.wontwashoutB.wontbewashedoutC.isntwashedoutD.isntwashingoutBCA14.Thecomputersonthetable_ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto15.-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,excellent.Itsworth_asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread16.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed_.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch17.Thispageneeded_again.A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobecheckedDCCD