初中语法梳理1.专题一 名词.pptx

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1、专题一名词（）1.My father bought two_this morning,but I prefer to eat some.A.fishes;chickensB.fish;chickenC.fish;chickens（）2.What a good_youve given me!Thanks a lot.A.AdviceB.newsC.suggestion（）3.mother cant go to the parents meeting because she is too busy.A.Jacks and PaulsB.Jacks and PaulC.Jack and Pauls

2、BCC【考点自测】（）4.(2019山西)To keep our city beautiful,the_are always very busy in the streets.We shouldnt throw rubbish everywhere.A.PolicemenB.cleanersC.drivers（）5.(2019江西改编)My daughter helps me cook,but she isnt old enough to be left alone in the.A.KitchenB.classroomC.lab BA01考点导航考点一 名词复数的构成如下表：可数名词及其复数

3、形式类别变化规则示例巧记口诀规则变化一般直接在后面加smapmapsbookbooksappleapplesbananabananas以x，s，sh，ch结尾的词后加esboxboxesglassglasseswatchwatcheswishwishes类别变化规则示例巧记口诀规则变化以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再加esbabybabiesfamilyfamiliesdutydutiescomedycomedies以元音字母o结尾的词加es的词zoozoosradioradiospianopianosphotophotos超级黑人（Negro）英雄（hero）爱吃西红柿（tomato）土豆（

4、potato），真有意思（es）。加s的词规则变化以f或fe结尾的词将f或fe变为v再加esknifekniveswifewiveshalfhalves shelfshelvesleafleavesyourselfyourselves妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌；躲在架（shelf）后保己（self）命（life），半（half）片树叶（leaf）遮目光。直接在f后加sscarfscarfs不规则变化oo变成ee toothteethfootfeetgoose（鹅）geese man变men womanwomenFrenchmanFrenc

5、hmenpolicemanpolicemen词尾加-（r）enchildchildren不规则变化单复数同形fishfishsheepsheepdeer（鹿）deer ChineseChinese其他特殊变化mousemice注意：1.有些名词本身即是复数形式，不用作单数，如people，pants，shoes，glasses，gloves，clothes，socks，scissors等。2.单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有team（团队;队员），class（班;同学），family（家;家庭成员）等。3.有些名词以s结尾，但并不是复数形式，如news，maths，physics等。

6、考点二 不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算,没有词形变化,这类词主要为抽象名词和物质名词。常见的不可数名词如下表：不可数名词类别示例液体类water，milk，juice，orange，coffee，tea，coke，ink，rain，wine食物类meat，fish，chicken，beef，pork，mutton，rice，salt，sugar，porridge，bread语言类Chinese，Japanese，English，French，German，Russian类别示例材料类metal，paper，glass，grass，bamboo，cotton，silk，wool，woo

7、d，hair，plastic其他类snow，ice，wind，sunshine，news，music，weather，money，knowledge，homework，housework，teamwork，help，information，rubbish（waste），light，medicine，advice不可数名词需要计量时,用“数词或冠词+计量名词+of+不可数名词”结构来表示,量词可以是单数也可以是复数,但of后的名词只能用原形。如:a piece of paper一张纸a drop of water一滴水two cups of tea两杯茶a pair of shoes一双鞋子有的

8、名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。如：词汇可数不可数fish鱼的种类鱼肉paper试卷、论文、报纸纸work作品工作glass眼镜玻璃orange橙子橙汁词汇可数不可数light灯光time次数时间wood树林木头room房间空间、余地sand沙滩沙子experience经历经验考点三 名词所有格的构成名词所有格类别构成方法示例有生命的名词（人或动物）在词尾加s Jordons carmy fathers friends以s结尾的复数名词只加 the students booksTeachers Day不以s结尾的复数名词加s Childrens Daythe mens sh

9、oes无生命的名词一般用of结构a picture of Jacka map of China注意:“s”一般是表示有生命的东西的名词所有关系，但是某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后也可以用s来表示所有关系。如：一分钟路程 one minutes walk两英里的距离 two miles distance名词所有格的特殊用法1.表示一件东西为两人或以上共有时，只需在最后一个名词后加“s”，后面所跟名词用单数；表示各自所有时，则需在每个名词后加“s”，后面所跟名词用复数。如：莉莉和露西共有的房间 Lily and Lucys room莉莉和露西各自的房间 Lilys an

10、d Lucys rooms2.表示“某人家”、“店铺”、“诊所”等处所。如：路过鲍勃叔叔的家 pass by Uncle Bobs在医生的诊所at the doctors3.双重所有格表示整体中的一部分，结构为“of+名词所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”。如：我父亲的一个朋友 a friend of my fathers我的一本书 a book of mineone of my books1.当一个名词作定语修饰另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。如：an apple treethree apple treesa girl friendtwo girl friends 2.若由man或woma

11、n作定语修饰名词时，与它们所修饰的名词单复数形式保持一致。如：a man doctorfive men doctorsa woman teacherfour women teachers 3.“数词+名词（+形容词）”构成复合形容词时，中间的名词只用单数。如：a five-year-old girla 100-meter race考点四 名词作定语02满分挑战（）1.(2019福建)What should we do for the camping trip?Wed better make a_of things like foods,drinks,medicine and so on.A.L

12、istB.cardC.report（）2.(2019青岛改编)Lucy,how about going to the _?Sounds great!Reading books can give us much pleasure.A.LibraryB.cinemaC.museum（）3.My dear,you have made_in your English this term.Well done!Thank you,Mum.I will keep on working hard.A.a progressB.progressC.progressesAAB（）4.National Treasur

13、e quickly rose to the top television rating ranks after it was presented on CCTV.It means a growing_in traditional culture among Chinas youth.A.InterestB.habitC.dream（）5.Alice,which season do you like best?Autumn.The fallen _are like a thick blanket on the ground.What beautiful scenery it is!A.LeafB

14、.leafsC.leavesAC（）6.How many _ doctors are there in your hospital,David?_them_over one hundred.A.woman;The number of;is B.women;A number of;areC.women;The number of;is（）7.How far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang?Its about two_ride by high speed train.A.HourB.hoursC.hoursCB（）8.Excuse me!Is this _ new

15、house?Yes,its _.The parents of them bought it last September.A.Lucy and Lilys;theirsB.Lucys and Lilys;themC.Lucys and Lilys;theirsA（）9.Many foreigners came to our school last week,including three _ and four_.A.German;AmericanB.Germans;AmericanC.Germans;Americans（）10.Theres little_left at home.Go and buy some,dear.A.CarrotsB.potatoesC.riceCC请完成练测本P58习题