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1、Developing a Logistics Perspective as Part of Supply Chain ManagementMartha C.CooperProfessor of LogisticsDepartment of Marketing and LogisticsThe Ohio State UniversityModern Logistical&Economy Development International Forum October 23-25,2001OverviewWhat Is Supply Chain Management?Is Supply Chain

2、Management More Than Simply a New Name for Logistics?What is the Role of Logistics in the Domestic Economy?What is the Role of Logistics in the Global Economy?SummaryLOGISTICS MANAGEMENT DEFINED.the process of planning,implementing,and controlling the efficient,effective flow and storage of goods,se

3、rvices,and related information from the point-of-origin to the point-of-consumption in order to meet customers requirements.Council of Logistics Management,1986SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENTis the integration of key business processesfrom end user through original suppliers,that provides products,services,

4、and informationthat add value for customers andother stakeholders.1998 CLM DEFINITION OF LOGISTICS.is that part of the supply chain process that plans,implements,and controls the efficient,effective flow and storage of goods,services,and related information from the point-of-origin to the point-of-c

5、onsumption in order to meet customers requirements.Figure 1SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT:Integrating and Managing Processes Across the Supply ChainSupply Chain Business ProcessesTier 1SupplierTier 2SupplierLogisticsPurchasing Marketing&SalesR&DCustomerConsumer/End-userCUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENTCUSTO

6、MER SERVICE MANAGEMENTDEMAND MANAGEMENTORDER FULFILLMENTMANUFACTURING FLOW MANAGEMENTPROCUREMENTPRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATIONRETURNSPRODUCT FLOWProductionFinanceManufacturerInformation FlowCOST TRADEOFFS REQUIRED INMARKETING AND LOGISTICSProductPriceMarketing Objective:Logistics Objectiv

7、e:Allocate resources to the marketing mix in such a manner as to maximize the long-term profitability of the firm.Minimize Total Costs given the customer service objective where total costs=Transportation Costs+Warehousing Costs+Order Processing and Information Costs+Lot Quantity Costs+Inventory Car

8、rying CostsPromotionPlaceCustomer ServiceLevelsInventoryCarrying CostsTransportationCostsWarehousingCostsOrder Processingand informationCostsLot QuantityCostsLogisticsMarketingFigure 2 SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK:Elements and Key Decisions2)What processes should belinked with each of thesekey

9、supply chain members?1)Who are the key supplychain members with whom to link processes?3)What level of integration and management should be applied for each process link?Supply ChainBusinessProcessesSupply ChainNetworkStructureSupply ChainManagementComponentsManaged Process LinksMonitor Process Link

10、sNot-Managed Process LinksNon-Member Process Linksn2312n11n213nn1121n2n12n1n1nTier 1CustomersTier 2CustomersTier 3 toConsumers/End-CustomersTier 2SuppliersTier 1SuppliersTier 3 toInitialsuppliersn1Figure 3Types of Inter-company Business Process LinksInitial SuppliersTier 3 to n suppliersTier 3 to n

11、customersConsumers/End-customersMembers of the Focal Companys Supply ChainNon-Members of the Focal Companys Supply ChainFocal CompanyCommunicationand Information FlowFacility StructureWork Flow/Activity StructureOrganizationStructureProduct FlowFacility StructurePlanning andControl MethodsPhysical&T

12、echnical Management ComponentsManagementMethodsPower andLeadership StructureRisk andReward StructureCulture andAttitudeManagerial&BehavioralManagement ComponentsFigure 4Supply Chain Management:Fundamental Management ComponentsWhat is the Role of Logistics in the Domestic Economy?Business Environment

13、 IssuesTrends in US Logistics MeasuresImplications for Business in GeneralInfrastructure ConsiderationsInformationTransportationIndex of Business Logistics Costs As A Percent of GDP 1980-2000405060708090100110120198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000Year

14、1980=100InventoryTransportationTotalRobert V.Delaney and Rosalyn Wilson,State of Logistics Report,June 4,2001,co-sponsored by Cass Information Systems and ProLogis.See web site ,Delaneys Dugout.Figure 5Inventory-Sales RatioSource:Federal Reserve Bank of St.Louis1.301.351.401.451.501.551.601991199219

15、931994199519961997199819992000YearPercent1.25Robert V.Delaney and Rosalyn Wilson,State of Logistics Report,June 4,2001,co-sponsored by Cass Information Systems and ProLogis.See web site ,Delaneys Dugout.Figure 6Inventories Are Drawn Down SharplySource:BusinessWeek,May 14,2001Data:Commerce Dept.-20Bi

16、llions of Chain Weighted Dollars020406080Changes InInventories00 I01 IIIIIIIVRobert V.Delaney and Rosalyn Wilson,State of Logistics Report,June 4,2001,co-sponsored by Cass Information Systems and ProLogis.See web site ,Delaneys Dugout.Figure 7Logistics Infrastructure ConsiderationsTransportationWare

17、housingCustomer ServiceInventory ControlInformation InfrastructureWhat is the Role of Logistics in the Global Economy?Same Issues as DomesticInformation TransportationThe Role of Logistics in Postponement and Speculation StrategiesFigure 8THE P/S-MATRIX ANDGENERIC SUPPLY CHAIN P/S-STRATEGIESSource:J

18、anus D.Pagh and Martha C.Cooper,“Supply Chain Postponement and Speculation Strategy:How to choose the Right Strategy,”Journal of Business Logistics,Vol.19,No.2,1998,pp.13-33.Figure 9ILLUSTRATION OF THE FULL SPECULATION STRATEGYSource:Janus D.Pagh and Martha C.Cooper,“Supply Chain Postponement and Sp

19、eculation Strategy:How to choose the Right Strategy,”Journal of Business Logistics,Vol.19,No.2,1998,pp.13-33.Figure 10ILLUSTRATION OF THE FULL POSTPONEMENT STRATEGY Source:Janus D.Pagh and Martha C.Cooper,“Supply Chain Postponement and Speculation Strategy:How to choose the Right Strategy,”Journal o

20、f Business Logistics,Vol.19,No.2,1998,pp.13-33.Figure 11CONTINUUM OF P/S-STRATEGIES,AND POSITIONING OF THE CASE-EXAMPLESSource:Janus D.Pagh and Martha C.Cooper,“Supply Chain Postponement and Speculation Strategy:How to choose the Right Strategy,”Journal of Business Logistics,Vol.19,No.2,1998,pp.13-3

21、3.Figure 12USING THE PROFILE ANALYSIS TOOLSource:Janus D.Pagh and Martha C.Cooper,“Supply Chain Postponement and Speculation Strategy:How to choose the Right Strategy,”Journal of Business Logistics,Vol.19,No.2,1998,pp.13-33.SummaryLogistics is part of Supply Chain Management.Recent economic constrai

22、nts have prompted firms to manage their inventories more closely.Several factors need to be considered to select an appropriate logistics strategy.The profile analysis tool can assist in selecting a postponement/speculation strategy.Todays competitive,global environment requires consistency and coordination among the manufacturing and logistics needs of the supply chain,the information and transportation infrastructures,and the firms postponement/speculation strategy.Information Sources