中考英语动词和动词短语知识点考点归纳与真题训练解析.docx

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1、 动词和动词短语命题趋势： 动词是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的一类词。动词在句中作谓语，用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。动词有不同的形式，这些形式体现了动作发生的时间、语态等信息。中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。在备战2020年中考时，考生要牢记近义动词及动词短语的不同含义，多做练习，在实践中加以区分。中考考查重点：1. 动词辨析；2. 动词短语辨析。考向一：动词的分类分类特点例句实义动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。Give me some ink, please. 请给我一些墨水。He works hard. 他工作努

2、力。连系动词本身有词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。They look the same. 他们看起来一样。助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。I am watching TV. 我正在看电视。I dont speak English. 我不说英语。情态动词本身有一定的意义，表示人的语气和情态，不可单独作谓语，须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。Tom can swim. 汤姆会游泳。May I come in? 我可以进来吗？考向二

3、：实义动词分类用法例句及物 动词能直接跟宾语She bought a hook yesterday. 她昨天买了一本书。【知识拓展】1. 单宾语动词：即只可接一个宾语的动词，如：accept接受；discover发现；enjoy享受；forget忘记；borrow借入；buy买；catch抓；invent发明；found建造；like喜欢；find寻找；forget忘记；receive接受；see看见；say说；show展示；make做；tell告诉等。Im sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起，我忘了你的地址。2. 双宾语动词：即后接间接宾语(指人)和直

4、接宾语(指物)的动词，如：give给；buy买；pay付款；hand递；read读；return返还；sell卖等。I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。3. 接复合宾语的动词：后接宾语和宾补的动词，如：believe相信；find发现；hear听见，听说；keep保持；make使得；see看见等。They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。4. 接动名词作宾语的动词：如advise建议；consider考虑

5、；finish完成；imagine想象；practise练习；suggest建议等。She practises playing the piano every day. 她每天都练习弹钢琴。5. 接不定式作宾语的动词：如agree同意；decide决定，下决心；hope希望；refuse拒绝；manage设法等。Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。不及物动词不能直接跟宾语He is waiting for you at the gate. 他在门口等着你。【知识拓展】常见的不及物动词：ache疼痛

6、；appear出现；arise出现，上升，起立；arrive到达；belong属于；care关心；come来；cough咳嗽；cry哭；die死亡；disappear消失；exist存在，生存；faint昏倒，变得微弱；fall落下；flow流动；go去；happen发生；laugh笑；lie躺；listen听；live生活，居住；look看；occur发生；rise上升，起立；sit坐；smile微笑；swim游泳考向三：连系动词分类常用词例句表示主语的状态、特征和身份等be(是)，look(看起来)，seem(似乎)，feel(感觉)，appear(出现)，smell(闻起来)，taste

7、(尝起来)，sound(听起来)He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果turn(转变)，become(成为)，get(得到)，grow(增长)，go(去)，fall(跌落)，come(来)，prove(证明)Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变keep

8、(保持)，remain(仍旧)，stay(保持)，continue(继续)The old man stays calm. 老人保持平静。Keep quiet while youre going around. 参观时要保持安静。What will a science museum be like if you are asked to build one?I hope it will _ like a book.A. tasteB. soundC. lookD. smell【答案】C【解析】问句中的a science museum为建筑物，故答语中应该用look like，表示看上去像，其余选

9、项不符合句意。考向四：助动词be人称数现在时态过去时态现在分词过去分词第一人称单数amwasbeingbeen复数arewere第二人称单数arewere复数arewere第三人称单数iswas复数arewere【知识拓展】be的用法：be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。1. be+现在分词构成进行时态。My boy friend is reading a newspaper in the sofa. 我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。2. be+及物动词的过去分词构成被动语态。The truth will be known to everyone. 真相将会大白于天下。助动词do形式肯定式否定式

10、缩略否定式原形dodo notdont第三人称单数doesdoes notdoesnt过去式diddid notdidnt【知识拓展】助动词do的用法：do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。1. 用do构成否定句和疑问句。I dont like this kind of music. 我不喜欢这种音乐。2. do+动词原形构成强调句。I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。助动词have形式肯定式否定式缩略否定式原形havehave nothavent第三人称单数hashas nothasnt过去式hadhad nothadnt【知识拓展】助动词have的用

11、法：have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。We havent seen for a long time. 我们很久没见面了考向五：动词的甚本形式形式规则变化例句一般现在时第三人称单数一般情况在动词后直接加-slooklooks；workworks以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词，后加-escatchcatches；gogoes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-esstudystudies；trytries现在分词一般情况在动词后直接加-ingreadreading；gogoing以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词，直接加-ingsee seeing；toetoeing以不发音字母e结尾的动

12、词，先去掉e，再加-ingloveloving；writewriting以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ingcutcutting；putputting少数以ie结尾的动词，先变ie 为y再加-ingdiedying；lielying过去式和过去分词一般情况在动词后直接加-ed askasked；helphelped以不发音字母e结尾的动词，只加-dlikeliked；livelived以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-edcrycried；studystudied以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ed stopst

13、opped；planplanned考向六：动词短语构成方式常见短语动词+冠词+名词give a concert开音乐会，give a tea进行测试，have a rest休息，have a picnic野餐，have a try试一试，keep a record保持纪录，leave a message留言，make a face做鬼脸，make a living谋生，make a speech进行演讲，pay a bill付账，take a risk冒险动词+名词catch fire着火，keep watch守望/值班，make repairs维修，play sports做运动，take a

14、ction采取行，take measures采取措施，take place发生/举行动词+名词+介词catch hold of抓住，catch sight of看见，make contributions to对做贡献，make room for给腾地方，make use of利用，pay attention to注意，take advantage of利用，make contact with和接触/联系，take pride in以为豪动词+介词+名词come into use开始使用，get into trouble陷入麻烦，play with fire玩火/冒险，wait in line排

15、队等候 动词+宾语+介词+名词bring. to mind使想起，put. into use应用，put. into practice实行/实施，take. for example以为例动词+副词+介词add up to合计达，break away from脱离，come up with想出/提出，catch up with赶上，追上，go ahead with开始，着手，go in for参加/追求，go along with一起去，hold on to坚持，keep away from远离，look down upon瞧不起/轻视，put up with忍受/容忍，run out of用完

16、Spring has come. We cant _ the plan. The trees must be planted this week.A. put offB. make upC. come up withD. look up【答案】A【解析】由句意可知，春天来了，我们不能推迟计划。这周必须把树种好。put off推迟；make up编造；come up with跟上；look up向上看。故选A。1.（2019 福建）I have trouble _ English, Mr. Lee. Why not go to the English Corner and try to talk

17、 with others? A. readingB. writingC. speaking2.（2019 安徽省）Hello, Beijing Hotel. Can I help you?Yes, Id like to _ a single room for two nights.A. enterB. moveC. bookD. provide3.（2019 山东省滨州市）Tom, _ the umbrella with you. Look at the dark sky, its going to rain. Thank you, Dad. A. takeB. wearC. useD. ma

18、ke4.（2019 江西省）Youll have to _ the books because there arent enough for everyone. A. packB. sellC. chooseD. share5.（2019 乐山）Look, Linda. The flowers in our classroom came out in one night. I cant believe it. They are beautiful and colorful. They _ great. A. soundB. smellC. taste6.（2019 江苏省连云港市）Throug

19、h the stories behind the idioms, we would be able to fully _Chinas culture, history and tradition. A. understandB. searchC. compareD. imagine7.（2019 临沂市）Roy works in London. It _him about half an hour to get to work by bus every day. A. costsB. spendsC. takes8.（2019 泰州市）After the terrible explosion(

20、爆炸) in Xiangshui, Yancheng, many people from cities around came to hospitals to _blood. A. devoteB. createC. donateD. celebrate9.（2019 湖北省武汉市）Have you _ chemistry for the coming exam? Yes. Im quite ready for it. A. repeatedB. copiedC. markedD. reviewed10.（2019 湖北省孝感市）Hurry up! Were late. I dont want

21、 to _ the start of the film. A. catchB. getC. missD. lose11.（2019 深圳市）We will have a big basketball game next week, but we still need a player. Why dont you _ Bryan to join the game? He is fantastic. A. inviteB. teachC. warn12.（2019 山西省）Parents should let children _ home and find more about the worl

22、d. After all, birds should fly freely in the sky. A. leaveB. enterC. reach13.（2019 河南）You cant change who you are by reading a book or change the way you act by watching a video. What _ is what you do, not what you know. A. includesB.decidesC.meansD. matters14.（2019 天津市）We should _ making a noise in

23、 the library. A. avoidB. preferC. practiseD. enjoy15.（2019 福建）My deskmate and I are going to _ a talk show at the party to celebrate the 70th birthday of our motherland. A. hand inB. put onC. take out16. （2019 安徽省）Shall we go to the airport to _ your sister? I dont think its necessary. She will come

24、 here by taxi. A. see offB. pick up C. look afterD. come across17.（2019 山东省滨州市）Theyll succeed in working out the problem because they never _. A. wake upB. give up C. look upD. make up18.（2019 甘肃省敦煌市）Dont forget to _ the lights when they are not in use! A. turn overB. turn off C. turn upD. turn on19

25、.（2019 江苏省淮安）Those young firemen were brave enough to _ the fire in the forest. A. work outB. put out C. hand outD. look out20.（2019 湖北省黄冈市）I dont know how to _ the old books. Why not give them away to poor children? A. hand outB. give up C. deal withD. take up21.（2019 甘肃省兰州市）Can I help you, Sir? Ye

26、s, please. I am _ a blue T-shirt. A. looking upB. looking for C. looking afterD. looking through22.（2019 江苏省连云港市）April 15 was a sad day for France. A large fire _ at the Cathedral of Notre-Dame. A. broke outB. carried out C. gave outD. ran out23.（2019 临沂市）Cathy sold some of her things in a yard sale

27、 and _ the money to a childrens home. A. gave awayB. gave upC. gave out24.（2019 四川省南充市）Its cold outside, Jimmy! You should _ your sweater. Thanks, mom. A. take offB. take in C. put onD. put up25.（2019 山东省青岛市）The English Speech Competition _ the best in her. As a result, she is more active now. A. ch

28、ecked outB. tried out C. left outD. brought out26.（2019 江苏省苏州市）Would you please _ the light? I cant sleep well with it on. A. turn onB. turn off C. turn toD. turn around1. （新乡市2019届九年级第一次模拟考试）When I asked him why he was late for school again, the boy _ an excuse.A. put upB. picked upC. took upD. mad

29、e up2. （新乡市2019届九年级第一次模拟考试）The apartments in the city center are always expensive. Katie cant _ one with all her money.A. provideB. affordC. offerD. support3. （天津市北辰区2019年初中毕业生学业考试英语模拟）The basketball players all arrive as early as they can so that they can _.A. wake upB. show aroundC. warm upD. fill

30、 out4. （天津市北辰区2019年初中毕业生学业考试英语模拟）On 30th May we walked around the Summer Palace all day so everyone was tired and _ in the hotel the next day.A. refusedB. relaxedC. movedD. believed5. （江苏省南京市鼓楼区2019年九年级中考二模）Each year a large number of tourists are _ to Qinghai Lake, which is Chinas largest saltwater

31、 lake.A. attractedB. attendedC. acceptedD. achieved6. （辽宁省盘锦市大洼区联合校2019届九年级下学期第一次模拟）David promised that he would come to the party, but he didnt _.A. stay upB. grow upC. wake upD. show up7. （湖北省武汉市华师一附中光谷分校2018-2019学年度下学期5月月考）I hate dealing with the bank over the phone because it always takes ages t

32、o _ to the right person.A. look overB. get throughC. get overD. look through8. （江苏省徐州市2019届九年级第二次模拟考试）If nobody breaks traffic rules and is careful enough, most accidents can be _.A. achievedB. affordedC. announcedD. avoided9. （天津市南开区2018-2019学年度九年级第二学期三模）The government _ nature parks to protect the

33、 wild animals.A. thought ofB. took awayC. set upD. looked up10. （山东青岛市集团校联考2019年初中学生学业水平模拟考试）Almost every school now has a website which allows us to _ the information about it.A. look atB. look afterC. look aroundD. look through真题再现1. C【解析】考查动词的词意辨析：reading 阅读；writing 书写；speaking 说话， 演讲。题意为 我在说英语方面

34、有困难，故选 C。2. C【解析】句意：你好，这里是北京宾馆，我能为你做点什么？好的，我想要预订一个单人房，住两晚。enter进入；move移动；book预订；provide提供。根据对话的意思可知，这里是给北京宾馆打电话预订房间，故应选C。3. A【解析】句意：汤姆，带上雨伞。看这漆黑的天空，要下雨了。谢谢你，爸爸。考查动词辨析。A. 拿；B. 穿；C. 用；D. 制作。根据下文Look at the dark sky, its going to rain.可知take sth. with sb.某人随身携带，符合句意，故选A。4. D【解析】句意：你们不得不共用这些书，因为不够每个人一本。

35、根据pack打包，sell卖，choose选择，share分享，共用；根据because there arent enough for everyone可知是共用；故选D。5. B【解析】句意：看！琳达，我们教室里的花在一天晚上就开了。我无法相信，他们是如此地漂亮和五彩缤纷，他们闻起来很好。A.听起来；B.闻起来；C.尝起来。根据空后great可知，空处用感官动词，且根据句意可知，表示花闻起来很好，故选B。6. A【解析】句意：通过这些成语后的小故事，我们能够完全地理解中国的文化、历史和传统。A.理解；B.搜寻；C.对比；D.想象。根据句意可知，可以根据成语故事理解中国的文化、历史和传统，故选

36、A。7. C【解析】句意：罗伊在伦敦工作，他每天乘公共汽车上班大约要半个小时。cost花费，主语一般是物；spend花费钱或时间，主语是人；take花费时间，其句型为it takes sb some time to do sth；此句根据空前的it, 及后面的to do不定式，可以看出用到take的句型，故选C。8. C【解析】句意：在盐城响水发生严重爆炸后，周围城市的许多人来医院献血。A. devote奉献；B. create创造；C. donate捐献；D. celebrate庆祝。devote把奉献给，把专用于，通常用于词组devote to；donate捐赠，赠送；根据After th

37、e terrible explosion(爆炸) in Xiangshui, Yancheng在盐城响水发生严重爆炸后。可知，有许多人受伤，因此周围城市的许多人来医院是献血的。因此选择donate捐献；故选C。9. D【解析】句意：你为即将到来的考试复习化学了吗？是的，我完全准备好了。A.重复；B.抄袭；C.作标记；D.复习。根据Im quite ready for it可知，他已经准备好了，所以表示复习化学，故选D。10. C【解析】句意：快点！我们要迟到了。我不想错过电影的开头。考查动词辨析。A. 接住；B. 得到；C. 错过；D. 失去。根据Hurry up! Were late.可知A

38、BD三项意思都不合句意，故选C。11. A【解析】动词辨析。句意：下周我们将有一场大型的篮球比赛，但是我们仍需要一名球员。为什么不邀请布莱恩加入这场比赛呢？他非常棒！A 选项 invite，意为邀请；B 选项 teach，意为教授；C 选项 warn，意为警告。故选 A。12. A【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：父母应该让孩子离开家去发现更多的世界。毕竟，小鸟应该在天空中自由地飞翔。13. D【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：读书不能改变你是谁，看视频也不能改变你的行为举止。重要的是你做了什么，而不是你知道什么。A:include包括 ；B: decide决定；C： mean打算；D： matter有关

39、系；要紧，故选D。14. A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在图书馆我们应该避免制造噪音。根据题目意思，在图书馆我们应该避免制造噪音. 需要填入一个动词，与后文的making a noise相匹配，意思是避免制造噪音，用avoid doing sth表示避免做某事，即，avoid making a noise。故选A。15. B【解析】考查动词词组的词意辨析：hand in 上交；put on 上演，穿上，增重；take out 带出去。题意为 我的同桌和我打算上演一个谈话节目来庆祝祖国的 70 周年诞辰，故选 B。16. B【解析】句意：我们去机场接你的姐姐，好吗？我想这没有必要，她会乘出租

40、车来这里。see off为某人送行；pick up接某人；look after照顾；come across偶然遇见。根据句意She will come here by taxi可知，这里表示去机场接，故应选B。17. B【解析】句意：他们会成功地解决这个问题，因为他们从没放弃。考查动词短语辨析。A. 醒来；B. 放弃；C. 查找；D. 编造。because因为，表原因；根据Theyll succeed in working out the problem可知A、C、D三项意思都不合句意，故选B。18. B【解析】句意：当你不使用灯时，不要忘记关掉他们。A.移交；B.关闭；C.出现；D.打开。根

41、据句意可知，不用灯时要关灯，故选B。【点睛】与turn有关的短语turn down调低turn up调高turn off关闭 turn on打开turn around转身turn over翻转turn left左转 turn right右转 turn out结果是19. B【解析】句意：那些年轻的消防队员足够勇敢地扑灭了森林中的大火。A. work out解出，算出；B. put out熄灭；C. hand out上交；D. look out小心。根据Those young firemen were brave enough及the fire in the forest.可知是扑灭大火。根据题

42、意，故选B。20. C【解析】句意：我不知道如何处理旧书。为什么不把它们送给穷孩子呢？A. hand out分发；B. give up放弃；C. deal with处理；D. take up开始从事。根据Why not give them away to poor children? 为什么不把它们送给穷孩子呢？可知，这是处理旧书的一种方式，因此选择deal with处理；符合语境。故选C。21. B【解析】句意：先生，需要我帮忙吗？ 是的，请。我在找一件蓝色的T恤。A. looking up查找；B. looking for寻找；C. looking after照顾；D. looking t

43、hrough浏览。结合后面的a blue T-shirt一件蓝色的T恤，可知，应该选择looking for寻找；符合语境。故选B。22. A【解析】句意：对于法国来说，4月15日是一个悲伤的日子，在巴黎圣母院突发一场大火。A.爆发；B.实行，执行；C.发出；D.用光。根据句意可知，表示爆发大火，故选A。【点睛】与out有关的短语blow out吹灭break out【战争、火灾等）爆发，突然发生bring out使显现，使表现出check out查明，结账clean out清理，把打扫干净clear out清理，丢掉come out出版，发表，结果是cut out删除，删掉，切断find o

44、ut查明，发现，了解get out出去，离开get out of离开，从出来go out出去hand out分发，发放hang out闲逛help (sb) out帮助某人解决困难keep out不让进入point out指出put out扑灭sell out卖光set out出发，启程take out取出try out参加选拔，试用work out解决，计算出23. A【解析】句意：凯茜在一次庭院拍卖会上卖掉了一些东西，把钱捐给了一个儿童之家。give away捐赠，give up放弃，give out分发；根据句意，表示把钱捐赠给了儿童之家，故选A。24. C【解析】句意：外面很冷，Jimmy。你应该穿上你的毛衣。谢谢，妈妈。A. take off脱下；B. take in吸入；C. put on穿上；D. put up张贴。根据上文Its cold outside, Jimmy!可知下文是说穿上你的毛衣。根据题意，故选C。25. D【解析】句意：英语演讲比赛激发出她的潜能【使她表现出她最好的一面）。结果，她现在更活跃了。A. checked out核实，查实；B. tri