高考英语作文写作技巧总结.高考英语书面表达技巧.doc

《高考英语作文写作技巧总结.高考英语书面表达技巧.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语作文写作技巧总结.高考英语书面表达技巧.doc（161页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、26应用文的细节刻画策略提纲类写作是近年高考英语书面表达的热点题型，命题人通常以提纲作文的形式考查书信、报道、通知、日记、发言稿、对某人或某物的介绍、欢迎词等。 【试题特征】 1. 短文提示类 用汉语给出一段短文提示，要求根据提示写一篇短文，所考查的形式灵活多样，如人物介绍、地点介绍、申请、道歉、邀请等。2. 要点提示类 这是比较常见的一种方式，此类题目用汉语提纲列举几个要点，提出写作要求。写作时要首先根据要点确定文章的中心思想，然后围绕中心思想和要点展开合理和适当的联想。 3. 表格提示类 试题采用表格的形式给出要点，写作时首先要将表格中的要点扩展成一个个完整的句子，然后根据文章的中心话题和

2、要求，把这些要点连句成段，连段成篇。 【写作步骤】 1. 细读提示，认真审题 其环节包括：审体裁：提纲作文的体裁一般有书信、电子邮件、报道、 通知、日记等； 定人称：一般为第一人称或第三人称；定时态：一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时。 2. 紧扣主题，组织要点 虽然提纲式作文的要点似乎已经定好了，但考生仍要把内容要点逐个完整地列出来。 3. 选词造句，初步成文 在体裁明确、信息全面、要点清晰的基础上，根据要点和重点词汇的句法功能、句子的语法规则，按照提示或说明中所提供的事实和情节发展的顺序遣词造句，然后将零散的句子组成主谓一致、时态呼应、脉络分明、合乎逻辑、内容完整的短文。【注意事项】1.

3、整理信息 审读所给信息，弄清所要表达的内容，然后对所给信息进行整理，必要的时候可以对要点进行适当调整，以使文章行文连贯。切忌直接由提纲进行逐字逐句翻译。 2. 完善信息 提纲式书面表达一般都只给出只言片语的提示，而不是完整的表达。此时我们就必须在大脑中将各信息点补充完整，适时使用一些短语和句型以及各种从句。 3. 适当发挥 对于自己发挥的部分，虽然参考范文并不要求一样，但要紧扣主题、合情合理，切忌信马由缰，离题万里。提纲类应用文的细节刻画思维根据高考英语作文的评分标准, 作文被分成了五个档次。其中分数较高的档次对于考生作文的要求都涉及了覆盖所有内容要点、使用较多语法结构和词汇、有效使用语句间的

4、连接成分。其中, 一个重要的方面就是在作文中要注意细节的体现。那么我们该如何在写作中彰显细节之美呢？ 1. 思维路径1：列举具体的实例进行补充说明经典示例(1)我们青少年应尽所能保护环境、拯救地球。We teenagers should do what we can to protect the environment and save the earth. We teenagers should do what we can to protect the environment and save the earth. For example, we can use recyclable ba

5、gs instead of plastic bags, refuse to use single-use products, plant more trees and save water and energy. (2)我要花一些时间和父母在一起。Ill spend some time staying with my parents. Ill spend some time staying with my parents, chatting with them and doing some housework. (3)我想找一个像我一样喜欢旅行的笔友。I would like to seek

6、a pen pal who is interested in traveling just like me. I would like to seek a pen pal who is interested in traveling just like me. If possible, we can travel together or share traveling. 2. 思维路径2：增添与所写信息相关的神态、动作、心理描写以及背景渲染等内容经典示例(1)我有时去村西的小河游泳。I went swimming in the river in the west of the village

7、now and then. I went swimming in the river in the west of the village now and then. The water in the river was very clear. (背景渲染)Weather permitting, I went swimming in the river in the west of the village now and then. (相关背景)(2)我看到了一些不良行为。I found some bad behavior. I found some bad behavior. Some pe

8、ople scribbled on the wall; some played soccer on the lawn and some people threw rubbish everywhere. (相关行为描述)3. 思维路径3：增加相关信息的时间、地点等内容经典示例(1)我要和父母一起去超市购物。Im going to do some shopping with my parents in the supermarket. Im going to do some shopping with my parents in the supermarket and wont be back u

9、ntil about 5:00 in the afternoon. (增加时间)(2)我已经带来了你让我归还的这两本书。I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return. I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library. (增加地点)4. 思维路径4：适当增加与所给信息相关的原因、结果、条件、让步、手段、目的、地点等内容经典示例(1)假设你是李华, 你的英国笔友Henry最近来信询问你高考后的暑假安排。请根据下面要点写一封

10、回信, 说明你的计划, 并简述理由。要点:1. 休息;2. 读书;3. 参加社会活动。I need a good rest. Ill do some reading. I need a good rest because I do feel tired after the hard work of all these years. Of course, Ill do some reading for fun, and for knowledge as well. (因果关系)Ill take part in some social activities. If I have free time

11、, Ill take part in some social activities. (条件状语)If possible, Ill take part in some social activities. (条件状语) If possible, Ill take part in some social activities so that/in order that I can know more about society. (结果状语)(2)Tracy来电话说咖啡屋(Bolton Coffee)见面取消。Tracy called, saying that she couldnt meet

12、you at Bolton Coffee. Tracy called, saying that she couldnt meet you at Bolton Coffee as she had something important to do. (原因状语)5. 思维路径5：结尾适当发挥, 写出个人感受、评价、希望、愿景、倡议等经典示例(1)Although I was very tired this summer holiday, I felt very happy for what I did. (个人感受)(2)I think such activities are necessary

13、 and meaningful. (评价)(3)In a word, if she would like to learn Chinese, I hope she will do it well. (愿景)(4)As students, its our duty to protect our school environment and make it clean. (倡议)【真题再现】【2020全国卷I】你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括:1. 人物简介；2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因。注意:1. 词数100左右；2. 短文题目和首句已为你写好。_【答

14、案】The person I respectWe have a lot of respectable people around us. They may be our teachers, parents or one of our elders. As for me, my father is the person I respect most. My father is a teacher who loves his work and his students very much. He works very hard every day but he will also spare so

15、me time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work. When I come across the problems of learning in my study, my father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely. He achieved a lot in his work, respected by his students. So, in my mind m

16、y father is the person I respect most and I love him deeply.【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文。时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。结构：总分法。要求：1.人物简介：2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。第二步：列提纲（重点短语）As for me；spare some time；listen to me patiently;第三步：连词成句1.As for me, my father is the person I respect mostly.2.He works

17、 very hard every day but he will also spare some time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work.3.My father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇1.表示文章结构顺序：介绍人物；阐述原因2.表示并列补充关系：As for; and; but

18、; So第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯。复合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多的高端句式，如定语从句：My father is a teacher who loves his work and his students very much；非谓语动词：He achieved a lot in his work, respected by his students；时间状语从句：When I come across the problem of learning in my study, my father will listen to

19、 me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely等。文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然。为文章增色添彩。【题型演练】1假定你是李华，你的美国交换生朋友Peter得知你校为庆祝春节将举办中文毛笔书法大赛，向你了解大赛具体情况。请你写信向其介绍。内容包括：1.欢迎Peter参赛:2.书写内容及字数；3.提交作品截止时间。参考词汇：中文毛笔书法大赛Chinese Brush Calligraphy Competition注意：1.词数100左右。2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】Dear Pete

20、r,Having learned about your great interest in the Chinese Brush Calligraphy Competition to be held in our school, Id like to tell you something about it to extend my warm invitation to you.As is requested, a good calligraphy work is expected to relate to the subject the Spring Festival. Therefore, w

21、hat is included in your work should cover such best blessings as health, family or the coming new year. Also, it is noted that the number of Chinese characters written on red writing paper is limited to 20. All having been done, your work has to be presented by January 31.Such is what the competitio

22、n is about. It couldnt be better to have your work on display.Best wishes!Yours,Li Hua【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国交换生朋友Peter写封信，向他介绍为庆祝春节学校举办的中文毛笔书法大赛。第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和少量一般将来时等。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 欢迎Peter参赛；2. 书写内容及字数；3. 提交作品截止时间。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）the Chinese Brush Ca

23、lligraphy Competition; be held in our school; my warm invitation; relate to the subject; the Spring Festival; the number of Chinese characters; be limited to 20; be presented by January 31; on display.第三步：连词成句1. Having learned about your great interest in the Chinese Brush Calligraphy Competition to

24、 be held in our school, Id like to tell you something about it to extend my warm invitation to you.2. As is requested, a good calligraphy work is expected to relate to the subject the Spring Festival. 3. Therefore, what is included in your work should cover such best blessings as health, family or t

25、he coming new year. 4. Also, it is noted that the number of Chinese characters written on red writing paper is limited to 20.5. All having been done, your work has to be presented by January 31.6. Such is what the competition is about. 7. It couldnt be better to have your work on display.根据提示及关键词（组）

26、进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表并列补充关系：Also 2.表因果关系：Therefore连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【范文点评】高分句型1 Having learned about your great interest in the Chinese Brush Calligraphy Competition to be held in our school, Id like to tell you something about it to extend my warm invitation to you.

27、（非谓语动词现在分词完成式作状语）高分句型2 Therefore, what is included in your work should cover such best blessings as health, family or the coming new year.（what引导的主语从句作主语）高分句型3 All having been done, your work has to be presented by January 31.（独立主格结构的运用）2假设你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Peter在学习中国功夫（kung fu）过程中发现困难重重，得知你中国功夫练得不错，发来邮件向

28、你求助。请根据所给提示，给他回一封电子邮件。内容包括：1.表示安慰；2.提供建议；3.表达祝愿。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾语已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear Peter,_Yours,Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Peter,Im sorry to learn that you are struggling with Chinese kung fu. Actually, there is no need to feel upset. Here Id like to offer you some suggestions.To begin wi

29、th, it would be wise to learn from a nice coach, whose professional guidance will definitely be beneficial to improving your kung fu. Additionally, you are advised to join a club so that you can practice regularly with others. Some classic teaching videos may be of great use as well Rome is not buil

30、t in a day. It is time and patience that contribute to improvement.I hope youll find these suggestions helpful and Im sure you will have fun practicing Chinese kung fu.Yours,Li Hua【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假设你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Peter在学习中国功夫（kung fu）过程中发现困难重重，得知你中国功夫练得不错，发来邮件向你求助。请根据所给提示，给他回一封电子邮件。第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，

31、时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。内容包括：1.表示安慰；2.提供建议；3.表达祝愿。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）struggling with；feel upset；offer you some suggestions；To begin with；learn from；be beneficial to；so that等。第三步：连词成句（包含关键句，至少3句）1. Actually, there is no need to feel upset. 2. To begin with, it would be wi

32、se to learn from a nice coach, whose professional guidance will definitely be beneficial to improving your kung fu. 3. Some classic teaching videos may be of great use as well Rome is not built in a day.4. It is time and patience that contribute to improvement.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（

33、衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second And then, Finally, In the end, At last2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not onlybut (also), including,3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, On the one hand,On the other hand Some,while others,

34、as for, sothat 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，【范文点评】高分句型1 To begin with, it would be wise to learn from a nice coach, whose professional guidance will definitely be beneficial to improving your kung fu.句中使用whose引导的定语从句。高分句型2 Additionally, y

35、ou are advised to join a club so that you can practice regularly with others.句中运用so that引导的目的状语从句。高分句型3 It is time and patience that contribute to improvement.句中使用强调句型。3假定你是李华，你的瑞士朋友Michael接到汉语老师布置的任务，要在课堂上向同学介绍一种中国传统文化，他不知从何入手，因此求助于你，请写一封电子邮件回复他，内容包括：1. 表示关心；2. 提出建议；3. 表达期待. 注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节

36、，以使行文连贯. _【参考范文】Dear Michael,Learning you are at a loss confronting a challenging assignment, Im terribly concerned and eager to offer some constructive advice. When it comes to traditional Chinese culture, calligraphy, as a cultural symbol, instantly floats into my mind. Its a traditional form of w

37、riting Chinese characters through the use of ink and a brush. Personally, calligraphy seems like a bridge, which connects people to artists from centuries past and gives us a peek into their inner worlds simultaneously. Hoping my suggestion will be helpful and looking forward to your fabulous perfor

38、mance. Yours,Li Hua【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以朋友的身份，给一位来自瑞士的朋友Michael回一封电子邮件，就如何在课堂上介绍一种中国传统文化提出你的建议。第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时，少量的一般将来时。结构：总分总法总分总法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，分别放在开头和结尾，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 表示关心；2. 提出建议；3. 表达期待。第二步：列提纲（重点词组）at a loss；be eager to do; offer some constructive advice;when it comes t

39、o; as a cultural symbol; floats into ones mind;give us a peek into; look forward to第三步：连词成句1.Learning you are at a loss confronting a challenging assignment, Im terribly concerned and eager to offer some constructive advice. 2.When it comes to traditional Chinese culture, calligraphy, as a cultural

40、symbol, instantly floats into my mind. 3.Personally, calligraphy seems like a bridge, which connects people to artists from centuries past and gives us a peek into their inner worlds simultaneously. 4.Hoping my suggestion will be helpful and looking forward to your fabulous performance. 根据提示和关键词组进行遣

41、词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）1.表文章结构顺序：To begin with, First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second. And then, Finally, In the end, At last2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only but (also), including,3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Altho

42、ugh+clause(从句), In spite 0f+n/doing, On the one handOn the other hand. Some , while others., as for, so.that4.表因果关系： Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【范文点评】高分句型1. When it comes to traditional Chinese culture, calligraphy, as a cultural symbol, instantly floats into my mind. （when it comes to意为“当谈到