【课件】2023年高考英语试卷词汇通课件-2024届高三英语一轮复习.pptx

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1、2023年山东高考英语试卷高考词汇通01阅读理解020304七选五阅读完形填空语法填空A篇B篇C篇D篇目录 Bike Rental&Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam,welcome to MacBike.You see much more from the seat of a bike!Cycling is the most economical,sustainable and fun way to explore the city,with its beautiful canals,parks,squares and countless lights.You

2、 can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam.With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations,we make sure there is always a bike available for yo

3、u.We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety,including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车),bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡),bikes with child seats,and childrens bikes.A篇租赁租赁有导游的有导游的经济实惠的经济实惠的可持续的可持续的探索探索风景地貌风景地貌储存；储藏储存；储藏战略性的；重要的战略性的；重要的可用的可用的各式各样各式各样 Hand Brake,Three GearsFoot Brake,No Gears1 ho

4、ur7.505.003 hours11.007.501 day(24 hours)14.759.75Each additional day8.006.00Prices附加的；额外的附加的；额外的 Guided City ToursThe 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill,the Skinny Bridge,the Rijksmuseum,Heineken Brewery and much more.The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour,starting at 1:00 pm

5、 every day.You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.涵盖；涉及涵盖；涉及从从出发出发21.What is an advantage of MacBike?A.It gives children a discount.B.It offers many types of bikes.C.It organizes free cycle tours.D.It has over 2,500 rental shops.22.How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand b

6、rake and three gears for two days?A.15.75.B.19.50.C.22.75.D.29.50.23.Where does the guided city tour start?A.The Gooyer,Windmill.B.The Skinny Bridge.C.Heineken Brewery.D.Dam Square.优势；优点优势；优点折扣折扣组织组织When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved

7、 problems.A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in colleg

8、e,John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)?Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?With the right combination of animals and plants,he figured,maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he wou

9、ld later call an eco-machine.B篇观察观察生物生物步骤；程序步骤；程序杂乱；垃圾杂乱；垃圾有害的有害的化学品；化学物质化学品；化学物质结合品；组合结合品；组合认为；理解认为；理解The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥).First,he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local pond

10、s and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks,John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-m

11、achine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water.移除移除物质物质建造；构建建造；构建适应；习惯于适应；习惯于惊讶于惊讶于理解；消化理解；消化Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)from 1,600 homes i

12、n South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China.“Ecological design”is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,”he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats hap

13、pening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”承担承担设施设施设计设计微生物微生物24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A.He was fond of traveling.B.He enjoyed being alone.C.He had an inquiring mind.D.He longed to be a doctor.25.Why did John put the sludge into t

14、he tanks?A.To feed the animals.B.To build an ecosystem.C.To protect the plants.D.To test the eco-machine.26.What is the authors purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A.To review Johns research plans.B.To show an application of Johns idea.C.To compare Johns different jobs.D.To erase doubts about Johns inventi

15、on.27.What is the basis for Johns work?A.Nature can repair itself.B.Organisms need water to survive.C.Life on Earth is diverse.D.Most tiny creatures live in groups.好奇心；探索精神好奇心；探索精神渴望渴望应用应用消除消除存活存活多种多样的多种多样的The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism,including a detailed explorat

16、ion of what it asks and why it works,and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide its right for you.adj.数字的n.目的为辩护；为做论证n.极简主义adj.细致的，细节的n.探索vt.采用；领养n.哲学C篇To do so,I divided the book into two parts.In part one,I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism,starting

17、 with an examination of the forces that are making so many peoples digital lives increasingly intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.vt.vt.分隔分隔vt.vt.描绘，描写描绘，描写adj.adj.哲学的哲学的n.n.基础基础n.n.力量力量adv.adv.逐步增加地逐步增加地adj.adj.无法忍受的无法忍受的n.n.讨论讨论Part one conclu

18、des by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy:the digital declutter.This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days,you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe

19、will provide massive benefits to the things you value.vt.结论；结束vt.介绍；引进n.过程vt.要求adj.可选的vt.提供adj.大量的巨大的n.利益vt.珍惜In the final chapter of part one,Ill guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.In doing so,Ill draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perfor

20、m a digital declutter.Youll hear these participants stories and learn what strategies worked well for them,and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.n.章节vt.指导；指引执行；实施n.实验vt.表演；履行；遵守n.参与者n.战略n.陷阱vt.遇到vt.避免引用；利用The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help y

21、ou cultivate(培养)a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle.In these chapters,I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处)and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use.Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices,wh

22、ich are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.adj.可持续的n.项目n.重要性n.必要性n.休闲n.收集；收藏vt.设计n.努力adj.特殊的n.环境28.What is the book aimed at?A.Teachi

23、ng critical thinking skills.B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.C.Solving philosophical problems.D.Promoting the use of a digital device.29.What does the underlined word“declutter”in paragraph 3 mean?A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.30.What is presented in the final chapter of part one

24、?A.Theoretical models.B.Statistical methods.C.Practical examples.D.Historical analyses.31.What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?A.Use them as needed.B.Recommend them to friends.C.Evaluate their effects.D.Identify the ideas behind them.On March 7,1907,the Engl

25、ish statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the“wisdom of crowds”effect.The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases,the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.统计学家出版；发行加插图于；用插图说明智慧人群群体智慧效

26、应实验估计；估算管理；指挥平均；平均数独立的精确的D篇 This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors,those errors arent always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate,and come to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate es

27、timate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors,then their errors wont cancel each other out.In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that peoples estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons,peoples errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate wi

28、ll go down.利用获得优势犯错趋向于取消；撤销相互关联的 But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折)on this classic phenomenon.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were mor

29、e accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.For instance,the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.现象个体获得显著地；意味深长地 In a follow-up study with 100 univers

30、ity students,the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates?Did they follow those least willing to change their minds?This happened some of the time,but it wasnt the dominant r

31、esponse.Most frequently,the groups reported that they“shared arguments and reasoned together.”Somehow,these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.研究者实际上自信的占支配地位的响应经常地；频繁地讨论全球的；全面的 Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential i

32、mplications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.限制潜在的影响；牵连巨大的32.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A.The methods of estimation.B.The underlying logic of the effect.C.The causes of peoples errors.D.The design of Galtons experiment.33.Navajas study found that the average ac

33、curacy could increase even if_A.the crowds were relatively smallB.there were occasional underestimatesC.individuals did not communicateD.estimates were not fully independent潜在的；表面下的潜在的；表面下的偶尔的；临时的偶尔的；临时的34.What did the follow-up study focus on?A.The size of the groups.B.The dominant membersC.The dis

34、cussion process.D.The individual estimates.35.What is the authors attitude toward Navajas studies?A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.满意的；赞许的；同意的；批准的满意的；赞许的；同意的；批准的轻蔑的；鄙视的；不屑一顾的轻蔑的；鄙视的；不屑一顾的怀疑的怀疑的 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step,but dont beat your

35、self up about them.To err(犯错)is human.36 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.In a journal or on a piece of paper,put the heading“Personal strengths.”37 Are you caring?Creative?Generous?A good listener?Fun to be around?They dont have to be world-changing,just aspects of you

36、r personality that youre proud of.个人的宽恕对负责积极的；乐观的自责杂志；期刊优势；强项有创造力的大度的方面个性自豪的七选五 At the top of a second page,put the heading“Acts of kindness.”On this one,list all the positive things youve done for others.It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework,when you did the ironing with

37、out being asked,or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.38 You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.39That way,you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.In fact,dont wait until

38、youve made a mistake to try this its a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.Its something of a clich(陈词滥调)that most people learn not from their successes but from their mistakes.The thing is,its true.40 Were all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop

39、and grow.特殊的推动；促进自信的成功A.A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.B.Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.C.They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.D.Its just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.E.It doesnt mean you have to ignore whats happened or

40、forget it.F.Whatever it is,no matter how small it might seem,write it down.G.Whatever the mistake,remember it isnt a fixed aspect of your personality.特性；特征忽视；不理 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step,but dont beat yourself up about them.To err(犯错)is human.36 You c

41、an use the following writing exercise to help you do this.In a journal or on a piece of paper,put the heading“Personal strengths.”37 Are you caring?Creative?Generous?A good listener?Fun to be around?They dont have to be world-changing,just aspects of your personality that youre proud of.At the top o

42、f a second page,put the heading“Acts of kindness.”On this one,list all the positive things youve done for others.It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework,when you did the ironing without being asked,or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.38 You could

43、 ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.39 That way,you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.In fact,dont wait until youve made a mistake to try this its a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.Its s

44、omething of a clich(陈词滥调)that most people learn not from their successes but from their mistakes.The thing is,its true.40 Were all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.DBFCGOn Oct.11,hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.M

45、elanie Bailey should have 41 the course earlier than she did.Her 42 came because she was carrying a 43 across the finish line.As reported by a local newspaper,Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.She 45 to help her fellow runner

46、,Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 46 .She couldnt.Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line,then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48 attention.Once there,Lenoue was 49 and later taken to a hospit

47、al,where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.She would have struggled with extreme 50 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Baileys help.As for Bailey,she is more 51 about why her act is considered a big 52 .“She was just crying.I couldnt 53 her,”Bailey told the reporte

48、r.“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”Although the two young women were strangers before the 54 ,theyve since become friends.Neither won the race,but the 55 of human kindness won the day.竞争；比赛竞争；比赛课程；过程课程；过程当地的当地的同伴同伴受伤；伤害受伤；伤害奋斗；努力奋斗；努力考虑；认为考虑；认为完形填空41.A.designedB.followedC.changedD.fini

49、shed42.A.delayB.chance C.troubleD.excuse43.A.judgeB.volunteer C.classmateD.competitor44.A.raceB.school C.townD.training45.A.agreedB.returnedC.stoppedD.promised46.A.courageB.aid C.patienceD.advice47.A.went away B.stood up C.stepped asideD.bent down48.A.medicalB.publicC.constantD.equal49.A.interrupted

50、B.assessedC.identifiedD.appreciated50.A.hungerB.painC.coldD.tiredness51.A.worriedB.ashamed C.confusedD.discouraged52.A.gameB.problemC.lessonD.deal 53.A.leaveB.cureC.botherD.understand54.A.rideB.testC.meetD.show55.A.secretB.displayC.benefit D.exchange设计设计跟随；遵循跟随；遵循延迟延迟勇气勇气耐心耐心持续不断的持续不断的评估评估辨别辨别赏识；感激赏