中考英语总复习名词含复习资料.docx

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1、名词中考命题趋势考纲解读（名词在近5年考试中的考察点）1 .能够正确运用可数名词和不可数名词。2 .驾驭可数名词复数形式的规那么变化和不规那么变化。3 .驾驭名词全部格的构成和用法。4 .驾驭名词作主语时和谓语在单复数上保持一样。命题预料1 .名词多在单项选择，完形填空，短文填空和完成对话中进展考察。2 .据统计，名词的常考点有：（1）名词全部格，如：2021 广西，38题；2021 泰安，23题 等。（2）语境中名词的选择，如：2021 达州，22题；2021 东营，19题等。（3）名词的数，如： 2021 龙东，2题;2021 玉林,2021 兰州，31题等。3 .预料今后中考中对于名词的

2、考察将以名词辨析，名词全部格和可数名词及不可数名词的表达为 重点，也可能对名词全部格及名词固定搭配进展考察。名词知识点全览名 词名词的分类专出名词一般名词可数名词个体名词集体名词不可数名词物质名词抽象名词名词的数可数名词单数复数（规那么变化，不规那么变 化）不可数名词名词全部格S全部格of全部格双重全部格名词的句法功能主，宾，表，定， 状，补语，同位名词辨析中考考点清单考点1名词的分类一，专出名词：名字（人名，地名，书名，机构名），及国家有关的（国家，国民，语言）, 日期（节日，星期，月份）My name is Lucy.我叫露西。I am a Chinese.我是中国人。I will vis

3、it the Great Wall on Monday.周一我要游长城。二，一般名词：包括可数名词和不可数名词可数名词集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物 如：family, police, class, group2.不可数名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等 如：danger, interest【留意】有些单词意义发生变化，单复数也发生变化，如：glass意为“玻璃杯时是可数名词, 意为“玻璃时是不可数名词。身兼两职的名词比照表:glassfishchickentime可数玻璃杯鱼类小鸡次,倍不口数玻璃鱼肉鸡肉时间orangelightpaperhair可数橙子电灯报纸，试卷（几根）头发不可数橙汁光

4、纸头发exerciseidealifework可数练习题办法，意见生命著作不可数锻炼了解生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可数火鸡收音机青年男子经验不可数火鸡肉无线电年轻，青春经验interestroom可数爱好房间不可数爱好空间【留意】（1） family, class等词作为一个整体时视为单数，强调家庭成员或班级成员时视为复数;局部有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念：police指警察，警官的总称，本身表示复数。The police（主语）+谓语动词复数people指人们，人民，本身表示复数。people指民族，有单，复数变化。如：fifty-six people

5、s五十六个民族考点2名词的数一，可数名词的复数形式1 .规那么变化名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法列表如下：规那么例词1一般在词尾加-Smap一maps, sea一seas, girl一girls, day一days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass一classes, box一boxes,watch一watches, dish一dishes3以-f或-fe结 尾的名词变-f或-fe为v再加-esleaf一leaves, thief一thieves, knife一knives, loaf一 1oaves, wife一wives加-sbelie

6、f一beliefs , chief一chiefs , proof一proofs , roof一roofs, gulf-guIfs4以4南音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i 再加-esparty一parties, family一families, story一stories, city一cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专出 名词以y结尾的，加-stoy一toys, boy一boys, day一days, ray一rays, Henry一 Hcnrys6以辅音字母加- 。结尾的名词一般加-eshero一heroes , Negro一Negroes , potato一potatoes , to

7、mato一tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano一pianos , photo一photos , auto一autos , kilo一 kilos, solo一solos两者皆可zero一zeros/zeroes, volcano一volcanoes/volcanos7以兀音字母加一。结尾的名词加-sradio一radios, bamboo一bamboos, zoo一zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth一truths , mouth一mouths ,month一months ,pathpaths2.不规那么变化英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规那么的，现归纳如下:规那么例词1改变名词中

8、的元音字母man一men , woman一women , foot一feet , goose一geese , mouse一 mice2单复数一样sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species, li, yuan, jin3只有复数形式ashes , trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses （眼 镜），compasses （圆规），contents （目录）4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5局部集体名词既可以视为单数（整 体）也可以视为复数（成员）au

9、dience , class , family , crowd , couple , group , committee , government , population , crew , team , public, enemy, party6复数形式表示特殊含义customs（海关），forces（军队），times（时代），spirits（心 情），drinks（饮料），sands （沙滩），papers（文件，报纸）, manners （礼貌）,looks （外表）,brains （头脑，智力）， greens （青菜），ruins （废墟）7表示“某 国人加-sAmericans

10、, Australians , Germans , Greeks , Swedes , Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man 或-woman 结尾 的改为-men, -womenEnglishmen, Frenchmen8合成 名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law , lookers-on , passers-by , story-tellers , boy friends无主体名词时将最终 一局部变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两局部变为复数women singer

11、s, men servants二，不可数名词的量的表达不可数名词在表示量的时候须要用上适当的量词，当数词大于1时，量词须变为复数。如：a piece of advice（一条建议），five pieces of advice（五条建议），a bag of rice （一袋大米），three bags of rice （三袋大米）。常见的量词及搭配：a bottle of milk 一瓶a bucket of milk 桶a cup of tea 一杯茶a pack of gum 一盒口香a pot of tea 一壶茶a tin of soup 一个汤罐a bag of flour 一袋面粉

12、牛奶a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 牛奶a can of beer 一罐啤酒a glass of milk 一杯牛奶 糖a bowl of soup 一碗汤a spoon of sugar 一勺糖 头可数名词的量也可以用适当的量词来表达。如：two bags of apples两袋苹果。考点3名词全部格一，s全部格1,表示有生命的东西的名词，全部格一般在名词后加S,其构成形式如下：一般单数名词后加So 如：my brother s book, Jack s cat, the girl s pen 等。以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的全部格，只需在名词后加“。如：girls , teach

13、ers等。【留意】在不规那么复数名词后，要加So如：women s clotheso以-s结尾的专出名词的全部格，读音以z结尾的，一般在名词后加“，也可加s其读音 分别为z和Iz。如:Dickens /Dickens s booko【留意】假设不以读音z结尾那么仍用so如：Ross s booko复合名词或词群的全部格的词尾s加在后面的名词之后。the President of the United States s car 美国总统的汽车【留意】当出现同位语时，s一般加在同位语后。This is my sister Mary s bag.这是我妹妹玛丽的包。假如一样东西为两个人共有，那么只在

14、后一个名词词尾加s,假如不是共有的，两个名词都要 加SoTom and Peter1 s room汤姆和彼得的房间（共有的房间）Tom s and Peter, s rooms汤姆的房间和彼得的房间（各自的房间）表示店铺，医院，诊所，住宅等名称时，常在名词后加上s代表全称。at the doctor?s=at the doctor, s office 在诊所在one及one/body和some-, any-, no, every-结合起来的复合词后加s。如：someone?s book某人的书。这些代词和else连用时，s应加在else后。如：somebody else s pencil别人的

15、铅 笔。2,表示时间，距离，国家，城市等无生命的名词，也可以在词尾后加s或“构成全部 格。如：today s news, ten minutes, drive, China s industry 等。二，“of+名词全部格无生命的名词的全部格，通常用“of+名词的构造来表示。如：the windows of the room（房间 的窗户），the cover of the dictionary （词典的封面）。三，双重全部格（1）表示局部概念，of短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的限定词，如：a, an, one, two, some, several, a few, many, any, n

16、o 等。This is a picture of mine.这是我的一张照片。（2）双重全部格及of全部格的不同。He is a friend of your father s.他是你父亲的一个朋友。（强调你父亲的朋友不止一个）He is a friend of your father.他是你父亲的朋友。（强调他对你父亲的友好）中考考点聚焦考点1名词辨析例 1 （2021 达州）What do you think of The Belt and Road Initiative（一带一路建议）Great! It will help China improve the with those rel

17、ated countries.解析：句意：一你觉得一带一路建议怎么样？一特别好！这有助于提升中国和相关国家的关系。此 题考察名词含义，relationship关系，agreement 一样，environment环境，information信息，依据句 子含义可以选出答案。答案：A考点2名词全部格及其用法例 1 （2021 广西）The woman in a hat is aunt.A. Jack and JohnB. Jack, s and John C. Jack, s and John sandJohn, s解析：句意：一这女人是杰克和约翰的阿姨。此题考察名词全部格用法。在表示多个人或物

18、共有的 东西，在最终一个名词后加s。答案：D考点3名词的数例 1（2021 玉林）一Hey, boys. Look at the falling .一Well, it s telling us that autumn is coming.解析：句意：一嘿！孩子们。快看落叶。一哦，这说明秋天来了。以f或fe结尾的名词变复数， 变f或fe为v,加eso答案：D中考真题演练考点1名词辨析1.on Earth（2021 扬州）The Queqiaoand the far side of thesatellite（卫星） will form a B bridge between controllers

19、Moon.A. contributionB. communicationC. celebrationD. competition2. （2021 孝感）Which should we start with, Water World or Space WorldEither is OK, it makes no C to me.A.mistakeB. promiseC.differenceD.decision3. holiday（2021 咸宁）一 Could you give me a few Bon how to spendthecoming summerOK, let me see.A.h

20、obbiesB. suggestionsC. knowledgeD.information4.（2021 武汉）Kate, I m going shopping. Anything to buy foryouYes, that will save me a_A .A. handB. tripC. visit5. （2021 徐州）You dont have to tell me your answer now. Give it some D and then let me know.A. supportB. helpC. protectionD. thought6. （2021 苏州）The

21、boy has been missing for five days and his parents are worried about his B .A. attentionB. safetyC. actionD. growth7. （2021 沈阳）Small cars are useful in cities with narrowA. streetsB. cinemasC. squaresD. shop8. （2021 南京）-Doyou have this T-shirt ina small Ar m afraid not.It only comes in medium.A. siz

22、eB. colourC. materialD. taste9. （2021连云港）National Treasure quickly rose to the top television rating ranks after it was presented on CCTV. It means a growing A in traditional culture among China s youth.A. interestB. directionC. habitD. dream10. （2021 兰州）If the temperature is below 0C, water will tu

23、rn into A in the open air.A. iceB. steamC. fogD. rain11.（2021 荆州）一Kids often feel better in a happy family.一That s true. A happy family provides a loving B for its children.A. expressionB. environmentC. encouragementD. development12.China.（2021黄石）In fact, pandas have become so popular that they are

24、now aA. subjectB. symbolC. signD. spirit13. （2021 东营）- Hi, Li Mei. How is your new school一一 Fantastic. We can choose the courses according to our C I love operas, so 1 took the Beijing Opera class.A. gradesB. talentsC. interestsD. experiences14. （2021 呼和浩特）-It s Mr Zhang s new movie. But I think it

25、s more meaningful than his others.I agree with you. His latest movie has come to his highest _B.A. spiritsB. standardC. treasure D. development15. （2021 河南）- Its useless to regret what has been done. Dont make those mistakes again一 1 won，t. Thats a（n） CA orderB. decisionC. promiseD. agreement考点2名词全部

26、格及其用法1. （2021 龙东）-How far is your home from schoolAbout B walk.A. five minute, sB. five minutes C. five minutes2. （2021 哈尔滨）一How time flies! It is two _A_ since we met last.So it is. I miss you so much.A. monthsB. monthesC. monthsD. month3. （2021 恩施）一Henry, have you seen theEnglish book on the B des

27、kIf yousee it,please take it to theoffice.OK.A. teachers? ; teachers?B.teacherJ s; teachers?C. teacher? s; teacher? sD.teachers? ; teacher s考点3名词的数1. （2021 重庆）It s sports time. Most football on the playground.studentsin Class1 areplayingA. boyB. boysC. boyD. boys2. （2021 邵阳）一Mom, please give me twow

28、ant to makevegetablesalad.一OK. Here you are.A. tomatoB. tomatoesC. tomatosD.tomatoos3. （2021 南充）一Are you thirstyYes, please give us _C_,A.threebottle waterB.three bottle of waterC.threebottles of waterD.three bottles ofwaters4.（2021兰州）There arelotof B on thegrassland.sheep-dog issittingnext to them.

29、A.sheep; TheB. sheep; AC. sheeps; TheI）, sheeps; A5.（2021通辽）In China, there are more B inprimary schools than in highschools.A.woman teacher B. women teachers C. womenteacher D. woman teachers6.（2021 广州）Yesterday for dinner I had a pieceof beef, vegetables andA.some riceB. a few riceC. alittle rices D. a rice7.（2021 营口）一ThereA many foreign studentsin her class.Yes. I know two of them are ，A. are; Japanese B. is; Australian C. are; Germany D. is; Ameirca