高三英语一轮复习名词课件.pptx

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1、名词复习名词复习名词需要掌握的知识点：名词需要掌握的知识点：名词名词分类（了解）名词单数变复数：规则变化 不规则变化（掌握及运用）不可数名词量的表达（掌握及运用）名词所有格（掌握及运用）名词的句法功能（掌握及运用）修饰可数名词和不可数名词的常考词（掌握及运用）常考名词后缀（掌握及运用）名名词词分分类类 个体名词:fan,player,apple,table,child,woman,face 等。不可数名词 普通名词 可数名词 集体名词:family,people,crowd,police,class,group 等。物质名词:milk,tea,coffee 等。抽象名词:attention,i

2、magination,pride,fun 等。专有名词:America,China,Shu-How Lin,the Huston Rockets 等。单单数数变变复复数数规规则则(P1)一般情况，加s:fans,eyes,parents,cameras 等。以f(e)结尾的部分词f(e)ves:thieves,lives,wives,shelves,selves,halves,knives,leaves,wolves;其他词,加s:roofs,gulfs,safes(保险箱),chefs 等。规则变化 以“辅音字母加y”结尾的名词，yies:baby-babies 等。以-s,-x,-sh,-

3、ch结尾的名词,加-es:buses,boxes,dishes,coaches等,(除 stomachs)以-o结尾的名词，无生命的加-s:photos；有生命的加-es:heroes,tomatoes,potatoes (除bamboo-bamboos,kangaroo-kangaroos)。-man变-men:man-men(除German-Germans,human-humans)。单复数同形:deer,sheep,fish,aircraft,means,Japanese,Chinese 等。不规则变化 变oo为ee:toothteeth,footfeet,goosegeese。其它:c

4、hildchildren,mousemice,ox-oxen,bacteriumbacteria,criterion criteria,phenomenonphenomena 常以复数形式出现:trousers 裤子,goods货物,clothes衣物,glasses眼镜,scissors剪刀,chopsticks 筷子复合名词的复数变化：1.如果复合名词有中心词，把中心词变复数，如:passers-by;sons-in-law,lookers-on,story-tellers,boy friends2.如果复合名词没有中心词，则把最后一部分变复数。如：grown-ups;housewives

5、;stopwatches；sixteen-year-olds3.名词作定语修饰名词，变复数时，一般把中心名词变复数，作定语的名词不用变。但是man，woman作定语修饰名词，变复数时，需要把man，woman和中心名词都变复数。如：shoe shop-shoe shops；a woman teacher-three women teachers即时训练：语篇填空。(小题狂练P2 一)Two _(month)ago,three _(hero)caught four _(thief).They made them plant some _(potato)and _(bamboo)in two _(

6、zoo).They also made their _(wife)return the four big _(box)with some precious _(photo)and _(brush)in them.monthszoosheroesbamboospotatoesthievesboxesbrushesphotoswives即时训练：语篇填空。（小题狂练P2二）。Two _(editor-in-chief),three_(man teacher)and five _(woman doctor),together with their _(child),went to the marke

7、t.They decided to buy two _(sheep)three _(deer),four _(ox),five _(goose)and six white _(mouse)with three _(foot)and six _(tooth).editors-in-chiefmen teacherswomen doctorschildrengeeseoxendeersheepmicefeetteeth不可数名词物质名词：1.water wt(r)水 2.salt slt 盐3.soup sup 汤 4.food fud 食物5.fruit frut 水果 6.mutton mtn

8、 羊肉7.beef bif 牛肉 8.chicken tkn 鸡肉9.salad sld 沙拉 10.juice dus 果汁 抽象名词：1.news njuz 新闻 2.advice dvas 建议3.traffic trfk 交通 4.peace pis 和平5.anger(r)愤怒 6.courage krd 勇气7.energy endi 能量 8.fear f(r)恐怖9.fun fn 有趣 乐趣 10.health hel 健康 不可数名词与可数名词的转化(P1)：1.表示种类时：fruit水果;food食物;drink饮料;fish鱼2.表示具体的人或事物时：a success

9、一个成功的人或事件，a failure 一个失败的人或事件3.表示“一场/一段/一件.”时，a heavy rain 一场大雨4.表示不同的意思时：room 空间（不可数），房间（可数）1.exercise ekssaz：锻炼（不可数);练习（可数）2.room rum 空间（不可数）；房间（可数）3.experience ksprins 经验（不可数）；经历（可数）4.fish f 鱼肉（不可数）；鱼（种类，可数）5.fruit frut水果（不可数）；水果（种类，可数）6.food fud 食物（不可数）；食物（种类，可数）7.chicken tkn 鸡肉（不可数）；小鸡（可数）常见既可作

10、可数名词，也可作不可数名词的区别：8.drink drk饮料（不可数）；饮料（种类，可数）9.paper pep(r)纸（不可数）；试卷/卷子（可数）10.time tam时间（不可数）；次数，回（可数）11.success skses 成功（不可数）；成功的人/事（可数）12.water wt(r)水（不可数）；水域（可数）13.work wk 工作（不可数）；著作（可数）！常考的绝对不可数名词：！常考的绝对不可数名词：1.fun fn 乐趣，快乐；2.work wk 工作；3.housework haswk 家务4.homework hmwk 家庭作业5.advice dvas 建议；6.

11、information nfmen消息；7.news njuz 消息，新闻；8.progress prres 进步；9.equipment kwpmnt设备；10.furniture fnt(r)家具；12.knowledge nld 知识；11.baggage bd/luggage ld行李；13.jewelry dulri 珠宝;珠宝饰物可数名词与不可数名词的比较：可数名词与不可数名词的比较：可数有复数形式(-s/-es)，而不可数名词没有；可数名词前可直接加a/an,而不可数名词前不能；可数名词前可以直接用数量词(one,two,three 等)表示数量,而不可数名词需要借助a bott

12、le of 之类的结构,即借助量词。(数词+量词+of+不可数名词)可数名词和不可数名词前的修饰语有所不同。many books，much homework 可数名词单数作主语，谓语用单数；可数名词复数作主语，谓语用复数；不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数。！名词前的修饰语1.只修饰可数名词复数形式的有：several 几个；a good/great many 许多；a few 一些；few 几乎没有；many 许多；too many 太多；scores of 许多，几十个；dozens of 几十个，很多 a large number of 大量，许多；作主语时，谓语动词用复数 the numbe

13、r of.的数量/数目；作主语时，谓语用单数many a+单数可数名词 许多作主语时，谓语动词用单数2.只修饰不可数名词的有：a little 一些 little 几乎没有，少 a bit of 一些 much 许多 too much 太多 a great deal of 许多，大量 a large amount of 大量，许多3.既可修饰可数名词复数形式也可修饰不可数名词的有：some 一些（用于肯定句）a lot of 许多 any 一些（用于否定句/疑问句）lots of 许多 plenty of 大量，许多 tons of 大量，许多 masses of 大量，许多 a large

14、quantity of 大量，许多，作主语时，谓语用单数 quantities of 大量，许多，作主语时，谓语用复数名词的所有格名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分三种：一是名词词尾加s构成，多表示有生命的东西；二是由介词of加名词构成，多表示无生命的东西；三是双重所有格,即既有s又有of。名词所有格 1.有生命的加 s：名词s+名词(以-s结尾的加)Marys book students books 2.无生命的用of：the+名词+of+名词 the window of the house 3.双重所有格：a/an/one+名词+of+名词s a fri

15、end of my fathers a/an/one+名词+of+名词性物主代词 a friend of mine用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1._(child)Day 儿童节2.my _(sister)book 我姐姐的书3._(woman)Day 妇女节4._(teacher)Day 教师节5.the _(twin)father 双胞胎的父亲6.ten _(minute)break 十分钟的课间休息7.my _(aunt)我阿姨家8.the _(doctor)诊所ChildrenssistersWomensTeachers minutes twins aunts doctors名词句法功

16、能作定语：He is a boy student./They are boy students.He is a man teacher./They are men teachers.作表语：You are students.作宾语：We learn English Every day.作主语:His brother was born in China.作补足语：We call him Tom.名词作定语修饰名词变复数时，一般只需把中心名词变复数，但man,woman作定语修饰名词，变复数时，需同时把man,woman以及中心名词都变复数。补充：be+of+名词（use,value,import

17、ance,help,difference 等）=be+adj.(useful,valuable,important,helpful,different 等）1.The book is of great use.（表语）=The book is very useful.这本书很有用。2.This is a book of great use.（作定语）=This is a very useful book.这是一本非常有用的书。3.I find the book of great use.(作宾补）=I find the book very useful.我觉得这本书非常有用。写出下列句子中划线

18、部分属于哪种句子成分。1.The Germans help to look after the Englishmen.2.The man called me Jack.3.The children offer their seats to old people.4.Some women teachers want to help their students.5.Negroes and heroes like eating tomatoes and potatoes.主语主语主语宾语宾语间接宾语主语宾语定语主语宾语补足语直接宾语即时训练：语篇填空。（小题狂练P2 三）It was late a

19、t night.Two _1_(German)were sleeping in their room when suddenly,one of them,Mrs Green,was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck.She had three _2_(thousand)dollars in her pocket.“What should I do?Many 3 (thief)usually bring 4 (knife)with them.”she thought in _5_(silent)

20、.And at the same time the thief happened to touch a _6_(sport)suit.Germansthousandthievessilenceknivessports It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room,so he went out to the next room where two _7_(Frenchman)were sleeping.When he was looking for _8_(money)or some _9_(jewel)in the next ro

21、om,Mrs Green woke up her husband quickly and called the _10_(policeman).And then the thief knew what had happened.He was so scared that he took out a knife.Just then the police showed up.Before the thief ran away,the police caught him.For Mrs Green,it was really an unusual experience.Frenchmenmoneyj

22、ewels/jewelrypolicemen真题回顾：单句语法填空。2(2021全国乙卷)_69 _(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.3(2021全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours,but we stopped at the different gates and 49 (watchtower)to take pictures o

23、r just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.4(2021新高考卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 (human)are.watchtowershumansActivities真题回顾：单句语法填空。11(2018全国卷).a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart dis

24、ease and early deaths from all _(cause).14(2017全国卷).has had some unintended side _(effect)such as overweight and heart disease.15(2017全国卷)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _61_(crowd)on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.crowdscauseseffects真题

25、回顾：单句语法填空。16.(2017浙江卷)Last October,while tending her garden in Mora,Sweden,Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small _(carrot)and was abou to throw them away.17.(2016全国卷)The nursery team switches him every few _(day)with his sister.18.(2016四川卷)Any smell might attract natural _(enemy)that would try

26、 to eat the little panda.19.(2015全国卷)Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _(painting).carrotspaintings enemiesdays20.(2014全国卷)For most of us,the _(change)are gradual.21.(2020浙江)Later,they learned to work with the _ (season).22.(2017全国卷)She has turned down several _(invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.23.(2016全国卷)Recent _(study)show that we are far more productive at work.changesstudiesseasonsinvitations