中考人教版英语总复习+考点讲练+阅读理解+课件.pptx
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1、阅读理解题型一阅读理解A)选择型选择型阅读理解的考查特点主要有:1.文体方面:文体方面:A篇为应用文,以图表形式为主,主要是广告宣传类文章;B篇为记叙文,主要是人物传记、励志故事类文章;C篇以说明文为主,主要是科普类文章;D篇为说明文,主要是介绍世界各地的风俗文化等。但2021中考新增E篇阅读理解,体裁为说明文。2022中考阅读又改为4篇,但B、C、D篇每篇各增加一题。由此可看出,江西中考增加了阅读理解的分量,考查更全面。2023年沿用了2022出题模式。2.话题方面话题方面:主要以介绍类、故事类、日常生活类、自然环境类及观点看法类为主。3.词数词数:(1)A篇词数通常在90180之间;(2)
2、B、C、D三篇词数通常在220350之间,300词左右的居多。4.考点考点:(1)A篇阅读:3个小题(2道细节理解题、1道数字计算题/推理判断题/细节理解题);(2)B、C、D三篇阅读:细节理解题(36道);推理判断题(25道);词义猜测题、代词指代题、数字计算题、段落大意题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题(各1道);顺序排列题(1道);段落匹配题(1道)。命题角度命题角度20232022202120202019话题话题广告图表A篇A篇A篇A篇A篇外国名人故事B篇B篇B篇B篇事物介绍C篇C篇、D篇D篇普通人物故事B篇D篇健康生活D篇百科知识D篇E篇环保理念社会热点C篇C篇C篇新型科技 命题角度命题角度
3、20232022202120202019文体文体A篇应用文应用文应用文应用文应用文B篇记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文C篇说明文说明文说明文说明文议论文D篇E篇(2021)说明文说明文说明文说明文说明文具体考查的内容:具体考查的内容:1.理解具体信息2.推测生词词义 3.理解概念性含义4.判断、推理和引申 5.理解主旨要义6.理解结构、句段关系 7.理解作者意图考试类型:考试类型:1.细节理解2.推理判断 3.词义猜测4.主旨归纳解题步骤:解题步骤:1.快速阅读,读懂大意 2.明确要求,逐一解答 3.重读问题,理解问题4.带着问题,重读文章 5.复读全文,最后把关(一一)细节理解题及解题技巧细节
4、理解题及解题技巧此类题主要考查学生对相关信息的识别能力,旨在考查学生对短文的关键词句、某个具体事实、具体情节或特定的细节是否注意和理解(一般可在原文中找到相关句子)。【友情提醒】【友情提醒】命题者惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来“迷惑”考生,即对原句细微处做改动,截取原文词语或结构进行改造,所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。常见命题方式:常见命题方式:(1)Which of the following statements is true?(2)Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?(3)The author(or the
5、 passage)states that.(4)According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)?(二二)推理判断题及解题技巧推理判断题及解题技巧“推理判断”题解题技巧:推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,做出一定判断和推论,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话,也可能是某几句话,但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据,既不能作出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理,也不能根据表面文字信息作多步推理。【友情提醒】【友情提醒】1.推理判断有理有据,切忌用自己观点代替作者本意。2.
6、全面分析相关信息,切忌得出片面结论。3.善于揣摩作者思路,尽可能与作者思路吻合。(三三)词义猜测题及解题技巧词义猜测题及解题技巧测试学生根据上下文正确推测、判断词义的能力。常见命题方式:常见命题方式:1.The word“”in the passage probably means.2.The underlined word“It”in the passage refers to.3.In this story the underlined word“”means.4.Here“it”means.技巧:技巧:1.返回原文,找到该句子。2.结合上下文,理解该词意思。3.重点抓字面含义,不要进行归
7、纳、演绎、推理。4.选项中的正确答案意思与原句完全相同,只是用其他词汇表达。5.超纲词汇不是正确答案。6.正确答案常蕴藏在原文该词出现前后。(1)通过因果关系猜词借助关联词,如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等。(2)通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词同义词and或or连接的词组e.g.happy and excitedhappy or sad解释过程中使用的同义词e.g.Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter.反义词表转折
8、关系的连词或副词,如but,while,however等。(3)通过构词法猜词前缀un表反义,如happyunhappy,fairunfair,importantunimportant 等。后缀 ment表名词,如developdevelopment,statestatement,argueargument 等。后缀 er,or或 ist表同源名词,如calculatecalculator,visitvisitor,lawlawyer,waitwaiter,sciencescientist,artartist等。(4)通过定义或释义关系来推测词义e.g.But sometimes,no rai
9、n falls for a long time.Then there is a dry period,or drought.(5)通过句法功能来推测词义e.g.Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.(6)通过描述猜词e.g.The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly,it can
10、 swim in the icy water to catch the fish.(四四)主旨归纳题及解题技巧主旨归纳题及解题技巧主旨归纳题常见题型为选择最佳标题(title)或概括中心思想(main idea)等。要准确地抓住文章的主题思想,就要十分留意文章的开头和结尾。【友情提醒】【友情提醒】有些干扰选项,从局部看也许不算错,但从全局看却又片面。这类干扰项与正确答案之差,其实是局部与全局之差。在做题时不要为局部现象所迷惑,而忽略了文章的整体思想。主题句:表述段落(或短文)主旨大意的句子。三个特点:三个特点:(1)总领性强,概括性强。(2)结构简单,不用难句。(3)其他句子解释、支撑或扩展主
11、题句,起服从、论证、补充的作用。常见命题方式:常见命题方式:1.What is the main idea of this passage?2.What is the authors main point?3.What is the subject of this passage?4.The main purpose of the passage is.5.The title of this passage would be.6.The best title of this passage could(would)be.7.What can be the best title for the
12、text?8.The topic sentence of the passage is.9.The writer in the text mainly tells us.10.The passage is mainly aimed to.11.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us.12.What is the passage mainly about?13.Which of the following sentences can best describe the main idea of the passage?解题第一步:解题第一步:快速浏览全文,把握文章大意。文章大意:
13、本文介绍了一些关于打哈欠的事实。解题第二步:解题第二步:带着问题通读全文并理清每段的大意。根据题干或选项定位词找到原文并用“”标注,将选项与原文进行对比、归纳,确定 答案。Why do We Yawn?Do you yawn?There are about 20 reasons that scientists think are possible for yawning after research.They do not know exactly why yawning happens,but they do know many facts about yawning.第一段大意:打哈欠有许
14、多原因。第一段大意:打哈欠有许多原因。We know that everyone yawns in the same way.First you open your mouth slowly.Your mouth stays open for about five seconds.You take in a lot of air and then push it out.Then you quickly close your mouth.We also know that yawning is contagious.When you see someone yawn,you yawn,too.
15、定位到定位到6868题。题。第二段大意:每个人都打哈欠,打哈欠会第二段大意:每个人都打哈欠,打哈欠会传染。传染。Many people say they yawn because they are68.What does the underlined word“contagious”in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Able to spread quickly.B.Able to breathe easily.C.Able to change easily.D.Able to sleep quickly(由定位句可知,当你看到别人打哈欠时,你也会打哈欠,所以哈欠是会传染的,由此可推测
16、画线部分单词意为“能够快速传播”。故选A。)bored or tired.That might be true.People do often yawn before they sleep and after they wake up.However,we know that people also yawn when they are excited or nervous.Olympic runners,for example,often yawn before a race.Why is that?In 2007,scientists found that a yawn can help
17、a warm brain cool down.定位到定位到6969题题。第三段大意第三段大意:人在很多情况下会打哈欠。人在很多情况下会打哈欠。Some scientists believe that yawning makes you69.Why do Olympic runners often yawn before a race?A.They are too tired or too bored.B.A yawn can let good things in.C.A yawn can help a warm brain cool down.D.A yawn can stretch the
18、muscles in their faces.(由定位句可知,科学家发现打哈欠可以帮助温热的大脑冷静下来。故选C。)notice things more quickly.When you yawn,you breathe deeply.You also stretch(强化)the muscles(肌肉)in your face,mouth,and neck.Your eardrums stretch,too.Maybe this helps you to be quicker to notice things.定位到定位到7171题题。第四段大意:打哈欠可以让你更快地注意到第四段大意:打哈欠
19、可以让你更快地注意到事情。事情。In some countries,people think yawning is not nice.People put their hands over70.What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?A.Reasons for yawning.B.Advantages of yawning.C.Disadvantages of yawning.D.Different ideas about yawning.(由定位句可知,有的国家认为打哈欠不好,有的国家认为打哈欠有好处,此段主要介绍了不同国家对于打哈欠的看法。故选D。)the
20、ir mouths to cover a yawn.In other countries,people think yawning is healthy.They think that opening the 定位到定位到70题题。mouth very big can let good things in.When they breathe out,they think that bad things go out of the body with the air.71.What can we probably infer from the passage?A.People use diffe
21、rent ways to yawn.B.Scientists will do further research on yawning.C.Its hard to notice things quickly while yawning.D.Some scientists think yawning is good for people.(由定位句可知,一些科学家认为打哈欠对人是有好处的,可以帮助人更快地注意到事情。故选D。)第五段大意第五段大意:不同国家不同国家对对打哈欠看法不一打哈欠看法不一。Scientists do not spend much time studying yawning.
22、That is probably because yawning does not hurt.It is just something we do.第六段大意:打哈欠是很平常的事。第六段大意:打哈欠是很平常的事。72.What would be the best structure of the passage?A.B.C.D.(根据段落大意可知,第一段引出话题;第二至第五段介绍了关于打哈欠的事实;第六段进行总结。文章为总分总结构。故选B。)解题第三步:解题第三步:核对答案,反思错题。正确答案:正确答案:6872.ACDDB.(23江西吉安模拟)解题第一步:解题第一步:快速浏览全文,把握文章大
23、意。文章大意:本文介绍了节礼日的由来和庆祝方式。解题第二步:解题第二步:带着问题通读全文并理清每段的大意。根据题干或选项定位词找到原文并用“”标注,将选项与原文进行对比、归纳,确定 答案。In some places around the world,the day after Christmas is called Boxing Day.In Britain,Australia,Canada and other places,Boxing Day is a national holiday._ 第一段大意第一段大意:_ _There are several thoughts on how t
24、he holiday became known as 69.What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?A.How Boxing Day became popular.B.How rich people celebrate Boxing Day.C.It introduces some origins of Boxing Day.D.It talks about the tradition of Boxing Day._ 节节礼日是一个全国礼日是一个全国性的性的节节日日。定位到定位到72题题(根据定位句根据定位句“关于关于这这个个节节日是如日是如何被称何被称为节为
25、节礼日的,有几种看法。礼日的,有几种看法。”可知,本段主要介可知,本段主要介绍绍了有关了有关节节礼礼日的一些起源。故日的一些起源。故选选C。)定位到定位到69题题 Boxing Day.The most widely held understandingof the origins(起源)of Boxing Day comes from a tradition among rich people.They would give a“Christmas Box”to their servants and other workers.The box would have money and gif
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