专题一 阅读理解-主题5 人与社会·历史、社会与文化-题组五.pptx

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1、专题一 阅读理解主题5 人与社会历史、社会与文化专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组五题组五（）题组五题组五Passage 1（2022 浙江1月，B，7.5分）The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology,and the lifeblood of that technology has long been electricity.By providing long-distance communication and energy,electricity created the modern w

2、orld.Yet properly understood,the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam,which began a century earlier.It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions,writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers:Steam,Electricity,and the M

3、en Who Invented Modern America.Klein,a noted historian of technology,spins a narrative（叙述）so lively that at times it reads like a novel.专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组五题组五（）The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland,where Watt perfected the machine that changed the world.Klein writes,Ameri

4、ca did not invent the steam engine,but once they grasped its possibilities they put it to more uses than anyone else.Meanwhile,over the course of the 19th century,electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity.Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit.Bell

5、 then gave the telegraph a voice.Edison perfected an incandescent bulb（白炽灯泡）that brought electric light into the American home.Most importantly,Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification,which he showed in New York City.With help from Tesla,Westinghouses firm developed a system us

6、ing alternating current（交流电）,which soon became the major form of power delivery.To frame his story,Klein creates the character of Ned,a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steam and electric revolutions in America during one mans lifetime.Its a technique that helps turn a long nar

7、rative into an interesting one.专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组五题组五（）1.What is Kleins understanding of the age of electricity?()AA.It is closely linked to the steam age.B.It began earlier than people thought.C.It is a little-studied period of history.D.It will come to an end sooner or later.解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中Klein的话I

8、t is curious that no one has put together.revolutions可知，Klein认为没有人把蒸汽革命和电力革命的历史放在一起是很奇怪的，由此可知，他认为电气时代和蒸汽时代是密切相关的，故选A。专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组五题组五（）2.What can be inferred about Ned?()DA.He was born in New York City.B.He wrote many interesting stories.C.He created an electricity company.D.He lived mainly in

9、the 19th century.解析 推理判断题。根据题干中的Ned可将解题信息定位至最后一段。根据Klein creates the character of Ned.electric revolutions in America during one mans lifetime可知，Ned在他的一生中见证了蒸汽和电力革命给美国带来的进步。再结合第三段和第四段的内容可知，Klein在书中描绘了18世纪末期和19世纪蒸汽和电力的发展。由此可推知，Ned主要生活在19世纪。专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组五题组五（）3.What is the text?()BA.A biography.B.

10、A book review.C.A short story.D.A science report.解析 文章类型题。文章首段通过电力和蒸汽引出Maury Klein的书，接下来对该书内容进行了介绍，最后一段提到为了构建他的故事，Klein创造了Ned这个虚构的角色。由此可推知，本文是一篇书评。专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组五题组五（）【核心词汇】lifeblood n.命脉 revolution n.革命，重大变革【熟词新义】perfect 常用义：adj.完美的本文义：v.使完美，使完善解读：通过提供远程通信和能源，电力创造了现代世界。电气时代仅仅是一个世纪前开始的蒸汽时代的第二个阶段。

11、Maury Klein在他的书中描述了有关电气和蒸汽的变革。专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组五题组五（）Passage 2（2021新高考卷，D，10分）Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional（情感的）intelligence.Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a persons makeup that cannot be measured by

12、 an IQ test,such as character,motivation,confidence,mental stability,optimism and people skills.Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities,but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a spe

13、cific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.The ability to accurately understand how专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组五题组五（）others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients,while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.Being emotionally intelligent

14、 does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much

15、needed emphasis（重视）on emotion by employers,educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.专题一专题一 阅读理

16、解阅读理解题组五题组五（）Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable,we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.It is our hope that in coming decades,advances in science will offer new perspectives（视角）from which t

17、o study how people manage their lives.Emotional intelligence,with its focus on both head and heart,may serve to point us in the right direction.专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组五题组五（）1.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?()DA.It can be measured by an IQ test.B.It helps to exercise a persons

18、mind.C.It includes a set of emotional skills.D.It refers to a persons positive qualities.解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable.people skills可知，许多人误认为情商是一个人身上无法通过智商测试衡量的几乎所有的良好品质，故D项正确。【解题指导】如上题,根据题干中的misunderstanding可迅速将答案定位在文章首段中单词misund

19、erstand所在的句子，其中desirable（可取的）对应D项中的positive（良好的，正面的），such as后的 character,motivation,confidence,mental stability,optimism and people skills.是positive qualities的一些具体内容。专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组五题组五（）2.Why does the author mention doctor and cheater in paragraph 2?()BA.To explain a rule.B.To clarify a concept.C

20、.To present a fact.D.To make a prediction.解析 推理判断题。根据第二段首句We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes可知，作者首先介绍了情商这一概念，我们更喜欢将情商描述为一系列既可用于好的目的也可用于坏的目的的特定技能，然后作者通过医生和骗子这一好一坏两个例子来阐明（clarify）这一概念，故B项正确。专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组五题组五（）3.

21、What is the authors attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?()AA.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.has helped both the public and researchers.in everyday life可知，情商的普及利大于弊，第四段首句作者希望对

22、情商的关注能引发人们对情商研究的兴趣，由此可推知，作者对情商普及化的态度是支持的，故A项正确。favorable 肯定的，赞同的，支持的；intolerant不容忍的；doubtful怀疑的；unclear不确定的，不清楚的。专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组五题组五（）4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?()BA.Its appeal to the public.B.Expectations for future studies.C.Its practical a

23、pplication.D.Scientists with new perspectives.解析 段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是we hope.study of emotion.It is our hope that.point us in the right direction可知，情商的普及利大于弊，第四段首句作者希望对情商的关注能引发人们对情商研究的兴趣，由此可推知本段主要讲述了作者对未来有关情商的研究的期待，故B项正确。专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组五题组五（）【熟词新义】1.makeup常用义：n.化妆品 本文义：n.性格，气质2.excite常用义：v.使激动，使兴奋 本文义：v.激发，引发，引起解读：在某些情况下，情商的普及改变了其原来的含义。情感技巧可以促成我们身上一些良好品质的形成，情商的普及总体上利大于弊，同时作者也希望未来对情感的研究可以更科学、更学术一些，希望科学的进步能为此类研究提供新的视角。专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组五题组五（）译文：我们希望在未来的几十年，科学的进步会为我们研究人们如何经营生活提供新的视角。【长难句解读】