高考英语一轮复习语法知识点：虚拟语气讲义.docx

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1、虚拟语气一、基本用法情况从句谓语动词主句谓语动词例句与过去事实相反had done.should / would / could / might have doneIf he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition .与现在事实相反过去式（be用were）.should / would / could / might doIf I were you, I would do it in another way.If I saw her now, I would be very happy.与未来事实相反did

2、shoulddowere todoIf he should come here tomorrow, I should / would talk to him.If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the football match.注意：1. 混合虚拟语气有时非真实条件句的动作和主句的动作不同时发生，或主从句的动作有一个是事实，这种情况下谓语动词要根据各自的具体情况来确定。e.g. If he had worked hard at his lesson, he would be in college now. 2. 含蓄虚拟语气有时非真实

3、条件不是通过 if 引导的条件来表现的，而是通过一些词或短语来表示，如 without , but for , otherwise , but 等。 e.g. I couldnt have finished the work on time without your help.But for your timely warning, we would have got into great trouble. 3. 非真实条件句中省略 if 的用法如果非真实条件句中有 had , were , should ，可省略 if ，而将 had , were , should 提前，形成部分倒装。 e

4、.g. If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.Had he taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.If it should be sunny tomorrow, we would go hiking.Should it be sunny tomorrow, we would go hiking.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the

5、earth.Were there no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.二、虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用1. 在suggest , order , demand , command , request , require , insist , desire , urge , recommend 等动词后的宾语从句，要用“（should +）动词原形”来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等；由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式。e.g. The doctor suggested that

6、 she (should) come another day.Her suggestion is that we (should) give up the plan.He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts.The boss ordered that the job (should) be finished in three days.2. 在“It is / was某些形容词过去分词that 从句”句型中， that 从句常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为“should动词原形”。这些形容词有 strange , astonishing , su

7、rprising ，过去分词有 desired , suggested , requested , recommended , ordered 等。e.g. It is strange that she shouldnt have been invited.3. 在由 for fear that , in case 等引导的状语从句中，用“should +动词原形”表示“唯恐”。 e.g. He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged .4. 在“It is ( about / high ) tim

8、e + that 从句”中，谓语动词常用“过去式”或“should 动词原形”表示虚拟语气。e.g. It is high time that people learnt / should learn English.5.as if / as though 引导的从句 现在情况相反，从句谓语用“过去式”在 wish 引导的宾语从句 中，与 过去情况相反，从句谓语用“haddone”if only .句子 将来情况相反，从句谓语用“would / coulddo”e.g. He works with such enthusiasm as if he were never tired.He speaks English as though he were an American.If only the driver didnt drive so fast!6. would rather 后的宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法条件从句中谓语动词的形式例句对现在或将来的虚拟过去式（be用were）Id rather he stayed at home now.对过去的虚拟had doneId rather he had been at the party last night.学科网（北京）股份有限公司