专题17 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“推理判断”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习 原卷版.docx

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1、优点英语2024年新高考英语二轮复习 【培优小题狂练】专题17阅读理解“推理判断”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）原卷版【近年高考考情】题型一：数据推断题考例1：（2023新高考I卷A篇）22题考例2：（2023浙江1月卷A篇）23题题型二：意图推断题考例3：（2023新高考I卷B篇）28题考例4：（2023浙江1月卷D篇）33题题型三：态度推断题考例5：（2023新高考I卷D篇）35题考例6：（2023全国甲卷D篇）35题题型四：预测下段题考例7：（2023全国乙卷C篇）31题题型五：推断出处题考例8：（2022新高考I卷A篇）21题考例9：（2023全国乙卷D篇）35题题型六：文体推断题考例1

2、0：（2022浙江1月卷B篇）26题题型七：活动评价题考例11：（2023新高考II卷B篇）26题考例12：（2023全国乙卷B篇）27题【实用解题妙招】一、推理判断题解题三步曲 1.定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。2.字面理解：理解相关信息点字面意义。3.深层理解：进而理解作者的言外之意。二、推理判断题干扰项特征1.曲解文意 推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，使其看似表达了文章的意思，其实是对原文意思的曲解2.张冠李戴题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点：题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。3.偷梁换柱干扰项

3、用了与文章中某一句话相以的型结构和单司，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单司，造成句子意思的改变。 4.无中生有这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生话常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。5.鱼目混珠这种类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类式题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在特定语境中的具体含义。6.扩缩范围。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。题型一：数据推断题妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹第二步：仔细梳理信息，

4、弄清来龙去脉，进行加减乘数基本运算第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案考例1：（2023新高考I卷A篇）22题Bike Rental & Guided ToursPricesHand Brake, Three GearsFoot Brake, No Gears1 hour7.505.003 hours11.007.501 day (24 hours)14.759.75Each additional day8.006.0022. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fo

5、r two days?A. 15.75.B. 19.50.C. 22.75.D. 29.50.考例2：（2023浙江1月卷A篇）23题Explorers CampFull day camp for kids aged 5-13. Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm. Week 1 | July 8-12Week 2 | July 15-19Week 3 | July 22-26Register for a single week or multiple weeks. Fees: $365 per week. The last day to cancel regi

6、stration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15. Camp StructureThe day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afte

7、rnoon theme (1pm to 4pm). Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks. 23. How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week?A. 15.B. 21.C. 30.D. 42.题型二：意图推断题妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行

8、信息融合概括提炼第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案考例3：（2023新高考I卷B篇）28题The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide its right for you.To do so, I divided the boo

9、k into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many peoples digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.28. What is

10、 the book aimed at?A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.C. Solving philosophical problems.D. Promoting the use of a digital device.考例4：（2023浙江1月卷D篇）33题“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparatio

11、n and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is

12、 kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators (传粉昆虫). 33. What does InSPIRE aim to do?A. Improve the productivity of local farms.B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly.D. Promote the use o

13、f solar energy in rural areas.题型三：态度推断题妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼第三步：留意积累表示肯定、否定、客观等态度类高频词汇备用第四步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案考例5：（2023新高考I卷D篇）35题In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actu

14、ally did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasnt the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reaso

15、ned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.35. What is the authors attitude toward Nava

16、jas studies?A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D. Approving.考例6：（2023全国甲卷D篇）35题He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in his

17、tory, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invi

18、tation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. Its worth your time, even if time is something we dont have a lot of.31. What does the author think of Weiners book?A. Objective and plain.B. Daring and ambitious.C. Serious a

19、nd hard to follow.D. Humorous and straightforward.题型四：预测下段题妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文最后一段（句），圈划留下做题痕迹第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案题型四：预测下段题考例7：（2023全国乙卷C篇）31题According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them

20、to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowled

21、ge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UKs obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, its no longer “unc

22、ool” for boys to like cooking.31. What might the author continue talking about?A. The art of cooking in other countries.B. Male chefs on TV programmes.C. Table manners in the UK.D. Studies of big eaters.题型五：推断出处题妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案

23、考例8：（2022新高考I卷A篇）21题Grading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%)Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.Group A

24、ssignments (30%)Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)Late Work

25、21. Where is this text probably taken from?A. A textbook.B. An exam paper.C. A course plan.D. An academic article.考例9：（2023全国乙卷D篇）35题If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of

26、the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanitys later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.In addition to the problem of miscomprehension

27、 from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the In

28、cas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accou

29、nts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?A. How Maps Tell Stories of the WorldB. A Short History of Austr

30、aliaC. A History of the World in 100 ObjectsD. How Art Works Tell Stories题型六：文体推断题妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意掌握技巧，进行信息融合概括提炼第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案新闻报道类文章(a news report)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容，下面陈述细节。图书评论类文章(a book review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介

31、绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。题型六：文体推断题考例10：（2022浙江1月卷B篇）26题The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has long been electricity. By provi

32、ding long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier. It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolut

33、ions. writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel. The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfe

34、cted the machine that changed the world. Klein writes, America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords they put it to more uses than anyone else. Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse invented a code

35、for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home. Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. Wi

36、th help from Tesla, Westinghouses firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon became the major forms of power delivery. To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during

37、 one mans lifetime. Its a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.24. What is Kleins understanding of the age of electricity?A. It is closely linked to the steam age.B. It began earlier than proper thought.C. It is a little-studied period of history.D. It will come to an e

38、nd sooner or later.25. What can be inferred about Ned?A. He was born in New York City.B. He wrote many increasing stories,C. He created an electricity company.D. He lived mainly in the 19th century. 26. What is the text?A. A biography.B. A book review.C. A short story. D. A science report.题型七：活动评价题妙

39、招：第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹第二步：仔细梳理信息，特别关注形容词感情色彩进行概括提炼第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案考例11：（2023新高考II卷B篇）26题She adds that the programs benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the

40、garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillos special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?A. Far-reaching.影响深远的B. Predictable. 可预测的C. Short-l

41、ived. 短暂的D. Unidentifiable. 难以确认的考例12：（2023全国乙卷B篇）27题One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devils Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The pos

42、ition enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting

43、 lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devils Lake?A. Amusing. B. Satisfying

44、. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.【高考真题再练】1.（2023新高考II卷C篇）Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books

45、 as we now know them came into being. In artists representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see

46、 scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of y

47、ears ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More

48、 recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it re