2024五年高考题分类训练专题1 阅读理解.docx

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1、专题一 阅读理解主题1 人与自我生活与学习题组一Passage 1 2023新课标卷，B，10分 Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The

2、 program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.Jaramillos students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. The kids literally come to school with bags of sn

3、acks and large bottles of soft drinks, she says. They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful. Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.Urban Sprouts classes, at two middle schools and two high

4、schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.Program evaluations show that k

5、ids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now theyre eating differently, Jaramillo says.She adds that the programs benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds t

6、o start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillos special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. They get outside, she says, and they feel successful.1. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?( D )A. She used to be

7、 a health worker.B. She grew up in a low-income family.C. She owns a fast food restaurant.D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts可知，Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts项目的发起人之一。故D项正确。2. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at

8、the start of the program?( C )A. The kids parents distrusted her.B. Students had little time for her classes.C. Some kids disliked garden work.D. There was no space for school gardens.解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的The e to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful some are initially.turned

9、 off by the dirt可知，这个项目刚开始时面临的一个问题就是一些学生不喜欢干菜园的活儿。故C项正确。3. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?( A )A. Far-reaching.B. Predictable.C. Short-lived.D. Unidentifiable.解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这个学校菜园项目不仅能让学生吃得更有营养，而且对接受特殊教育的学生有镇静作用。由此可推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故A项正确。4. What can be a suitable tit

10、le for the text?( C )A. Rescuing School GardensB. Experiencing Country LifeC. Growing Vegetable LoversD. Changing Local Landscape解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo 发起Urban Sprouts项目，带领学生种植蔬菜的故事，学生们开始对园艺感兴趣，而且获得了很多好处。因此C项蔬菜种植爱好者适合作为本文标题。解读：本文主要介绍了学校菜园项目Urban Sprouts的启动背景、目的、内容和意义。Passage 2 2023全国卷甲

11、，B，8分 Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY（do-it-yourself）.Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26,

12、 accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A days work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. She says: Im sure I wasnt much of a help to start with. But when Derek built our family house about eight years ago, I was heavily involved（参与）, painting the rooms and putting down the flooring th

13、roughout the house. It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy（租期） comes to an end. She adds: Ive moved house many times an

14、d I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, its been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when Ive moved out.With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are

15、planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. A fifth wish to increase the value of their houses. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the

16、 research shows it is women now leading the charge.1. Which is closest in meaning to a dab hand in paragraph 1?( C )A. An artist.B. A winner.C. A specialist.D. A pioneer.解析词义猜测题。根据第一段的Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do her

17、self可知，Terri Bolton擅长搭架子和拼装家具，她自己能做的工作从不付钱给别人做。据此可知，她是DIY方面的专家，故画线部分意为专家。2. Why did Terris grandfather give her 5 a day?( B )A. For a birthday gift.B. As a treat for her work.C. To support her DIY projects.D. To encourage her to take up a hobby.解析细节理解题。根据第二段的A days work was rewarded with 5 in pocket

18、 money可知，一天的工作使她得到五镑零用钱的奖励。据此可知，她外祖父给她零钱是为了奖励她一天的工作。故B项正确。3. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented?( A )A. By making it look like before.B. By furnishing it herself.C. By splitting the rent with a roommate.D. By cancelling the rental agreement.解析细节理解题。根据第三段Terri Bolton所说的话So

19、, its been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when Ive moved out可知，知道如何掩盖漏洞和重新粉刷房间是很有用的，这样搬出去的时候就可以避免任何费用。据此可知，她通过使房子看起来和入住时一样来避免损失押金。故A项正确。4. What trend in DIY does the research show?( D )A. It is becoming more costly.B. It is getting more time-consuming.C.

20、 It is turning into a seasonal industry.D. It is gaining popularity among females.解析推理判断题。根据第四段的Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge可知，尽管DIY传统上被认为是男性的爱好，但研究表明，现在是女性主导了这一潮流。据此可推知，DIY当前深受女性欢迎。故D项正确。解读：Terri Bolton是DIY的能手，她擅长搭架子和拼

21、装家具，这一能力得益于小时候她外祖父对她的培养。利用这一技能，她修补房子，减少押金损失。研究表明，自己动手已经成为暑期的项目，女性成为这一项目的潮流领导者。【核心词汇】put up搭建；举起 accompany v.陪伴，陪同；伴随reward n.奖励，回报；赏格，悬赏金v.酬谢，奖赏deposit v.放下，放置；储蓄；存放n.押金【熟词新义】credit 常用义：n.信用，信贷；信任，相信本文义：vt.认为是的功劳，把归于题组二Passage 1 2022全国卷甲，C，8分 As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself

22、greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins（企鹅） longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career（职业） as a professional da

23、ncer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plungeAfter taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work te

24、aching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. I just decided I wanted to go, she says. I had no idea about what Id fi

25、nd there and I wasnt nervous. I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers shed never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experienc

26、e was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has, Ginni says. I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater

27、.The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.1. Which of the following best explains take the plunge underlined in paragraph 2?( A )A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.C. Bring back lost memories.D. Stick to a p

28、romise.解析词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句话 When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge可知，当Ginni退休，儿子们离家独立后，她决定是时候冒险尝试，踏上旅途了。故选A。2. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?( C )A. Lovely penguins.B. Beautiful scenery.C. A discount fare.D. A

29、friends invitation.解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica和I just decided I wanted to go可知，发现可以得到打折船票是Ginni决定去南极洲的原因。故选C。3. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?( C )A. It could be a home for her.B. It shoul

30、d be easily accessible.C. It should be well preserved.D. It needs to be fully introduced.解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni可知，Ginni意识到南极洲是一片净土，应该受到人类的尊重。由此可推知，她认为南极洲应该被好好保护。故选C。4. What is the t

31、ext mainly about？( B )A. A childhood dream.B. An unforgettable experience.C. Sailing around the world.D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.解析主旨大意题。文章提及Ginni喜欢旅行，着重介绍了Ginni难忘的南极洲奇遇。A项一个童年梦想，与全文主题不符；C项环游世界，范畴超过了本文内容；D项遇见南极洲的动物，以偏概全。故选B。解读：本文讲述了Ginni Bazlinton难忘的南极洲之旅。【核心词汇】kick-start v.使尽快启动，促使开始last-minu

32、te adj.紧急关头的，最后一分钟才完成（或决定、安排好）的take the plunge 决定冒险一试，果断行事hit home to sb. 使某人深受触动Passage 2 2021浙江，A，7.5分 Leslie Nielsens childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Niels

33、en to make a career （职业） in acting. Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent, he moved forward, gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years later in 1948. However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would st

34、ill be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed.But even then, what he had wasnt quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasn

35、t until 1980 32 years into his career that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.Did Nielsen then f

36、eel content in his career? Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always felt he should do, but even during his last few years, he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the corner. He never stopped working, never retired.Leslie

37、 Nielsens devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life.1. Why did Nielsen want to be an actor?( C )A. He enjoyed

38、watching movies.B. He was eager to earn money.C. He wanted to be like his uncle.D. He felt he was good at acting.解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career（职业） in acting可知，Nielsen的叔叔是他的榜样，激励他从事演艺事业，故选C。2. What do we know about Nielsen in the second h

39、alf of his career?( D )A. He directed some high quality movies.B. He avoided taking on new challenges.C. He focused on playing dramatic roles.D. He became a successful comedy actor.解析细节理解题。根据题干中的the second half of his career可将答题线索定位于第二段中的That movie led him into the second half of his career where hi

40、s comedic presence alone could make a movie.highly，在Nielsen演艺生涯的后半段，由他饰演喜剧角色的电影即使评价不高，票房也很高。由此可推知，他成了一名成功的喜剧演员。故选D。3. What does Nielsens career story tell us?( D )A. Art is long, life is short.B. He who laughs last laughs longest.C. Its never too late to learn.D. Where theres a will theres a way.解析推

41、理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，通过自己不懈的努力和坚定的信念，Nielsen的演艺事业获得了成功。这正应了那句老话有志者，事竟成，故选D。A项表示人生短暂，艺术长存；B项表示笑到最后的人笑得最好；C项表示活到老，学到老，都不符合题意。解读：文章主要讲述了演员Leslie Nielsen通过自己不懈的努力和坚定的信念，成就了自己的演艺事业。【核心词汇】 uphill adj. 漫长而艰难的，费力的 comedy n. 喜剧financial adj. 金融的，财务的 around the corner 即将到来题组三Passage 1 2021浙江1月，B，7.5分 At the start

42、of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.Today, in

43、Australia, most children on average fall 2,000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed

44、for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities（机会） for childr

45、en to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a good, quickly followed by Im hungry. This is also my experience as

46、a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my sons day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes（路线）, with days of regular, parent-accompanied w

47、alks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones but its certainly worth trying.1. Why does the author mention Wat

48、kins predictions in the first paragraph?( B )A. To make comparisons.B. To introduce the topic.C. To support her argument.D. To provide examples.解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day以及下文对孩子们行走步数大幅下降及其影响的介绍可知，作者提到Watkins的预测是为了引出话题。2. What has caused the decrease in Australian childrens physical activity?( C )A. Plain laziness.B. Health problems.C. Lack of time.D. Security concerns.解析细节理